H Park
Biographic Data
| ID | 15227 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H Park |
| GIVEN NAMES | H |
| FAMILY NAME | Park |
| SIGNATURE | PARK H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pennsylvania |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8037-128X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 78 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1113 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 77 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
How Asian Americans Fare in the Labor Market: The Intersection of Education, Gender, and Ethnicity
Studies of Asian Americans in the labor market point to significant variations in experiences by educational attainment, gender, and ethnicity, but few studies attend to the intersections of these characteristics in yielding disparate patterns of earnings. Using data from the American Community Survey 2019 five-year file, we compare the earnings of 1.5 generation and native-born prime working-age Asian Americans from the five largest ethnic group…
Horizontal stratification and educational homogamy in South Korea: Marriage patterns and preferences across elite- and non-elite university graduates
Are you an accidental dictator: The smart person leadership trap…and how to avoid it
Gender‐Role Attitudes and Marriage Desires Among Never‐Married Adults in South Korea
Objective Complementing existing economic and structural explanations of trends toward later and less marriage in Korea, this study focuses on the part played by gender‐role attitudes in shaping never‐married adults' marriage desires, which, in turn, are likely to affect their marriage behavior. Background The persistent characteristic of marriage in Korea as a package requiring multiple family roles and obligations may conflict with the changing…
Living Alone for Black and White Men and Women over Four Decades, 1980–2019
Using the data on 6.8 million individuals from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses and the 2010 and 2019 American Community Surveys, we document changes in living alone over the four decades across five ten-year age groups—twenty-five to thirty-four, thirty-five to forty-four, forty-five to fifty-four, fifty-five to sixty-four, and sixty-five to seventy-four—for each gender and race group. The analysis reveals no substantial change in liv…
Six Decades of Educational Assortative Mating in South Korea: A Research Note
This research note focuses on accurately documenting the trends in educational resemblance between husbands and wives in South Korea over six decades, from 1960 to 2020. Having undergone rapid social changes in recent history, including industrialization, economic development, and educational expansion, Korea offers a compelling context for studying long-term changes in educational assortative mating across different stages of development. Using …
Designing engagement: Exploring affordances in freemium digital games
The Great Flow of ‘The Love of the Lord’ has not Stopped, it has not Reduced, it has not Changed! (Tcheonzamun 081st-096th)
French Missionary Dallet (1874) described in his book that the thousand character essay is used in ancient China. The period of this usage is from Tchin (秦) dynasty until now. The utilization of the thousand character essay was also found in Korea (Dallet, 1874). The thousand character essay is called in Korea as Tcheonzamun (Han, 1583). There are several methods for translation of Tcheonzamun poem. The first method is through Korean pronunciatio…
Changes in dementia treatment patterns associated with changes in the National Policy in South Korea among patients with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease between 2011 and 2017: Results from the mul…
Comparison of cohorts before and after revision of the national LTCI system for dementia patients found no significant difference in mean MMSE scores at the time of AD diagnosis or start of initial treatment. The reduction in the proportion of patients who discontinued or changed their initial treatment, and the significant increase in mean duration of treatment, were observed following revision of the LTCI policy which enabled increased patient …
Transitioning an In-Person Survey of Older Adults to Multimode Data Collection
Objectives The first 3 rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were in-person. Preparing for Round Four (R4), NSHAP began developing ways to collect complex questionnaire and biomeasure data remotely. R4 was scheduled to begin in 2020, but due to the coronavirus pandemic, NSHAP delayed R4 data collection and instead conducted a study on respondents’ experiences during the pandemic, as well as pretests to strengthen N…
Gender Differences in Daily Time Use: Trends and Educational Differentials
Using time-diary data collected in 1999, 2009, and 2019, this study documents changes over the last two decades in gender differences in time use for five major daily activities—housework, work outside the home, family care, leisure, and self-care, among Korean mothers and fathers with at least one child aged ten to eighteen. Given the rapid expansion of higher education among women, which outpaces the corresponding expansion among men, trends in…
The long-run causal effects of single-sex schooling on work-related outcomes in South Korea
Diverging Destinies in East Asia
Research on diverging destinies provides a compelling and influential framework for understanding relationships between socioeconomic bifurcation in family behavior and inequality within and across generations. Articulations of the diverging destinies framework stress its broad relevance for low-fertility societies, but empirical evaluations in East Asia are limited. We address this gap by summarizing and synthesizing scholarship on socioeconomic…
Who have fallen behind? The educational reform toward differentiated learning opportunities and growing educational inequality in South Korea
The Korean education has gone considerable reforms since the early 2000s toward more individualized and differentiated learning opportunities. We examine how students’ math performance changed in the midst of the educational reform. The OLS regression shows that the overall level of math performance deteriorated among 10th graders educated in the reformed system than their counterparts before the reform. The performance disparity by family SES in…
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Homework Time among U.S. Teens
Along with intensified competition for college admissions, U.S. teens increasingly spend more time on educational activities. Homework can be a particularly important component of educational time for economically disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority students who have limited access to private sources of learning beyond the classroom. This study uses data from the American Time Use Survey and the Programme for International Student Assessment…
Changes in Intergenerational Social Mobility over Two Decades from 1998 to 2018: A Comparison of Two Birth Cohorts of Korean Men Aged 30~49
오늘날 한국사회에서 세대 간 사회이동이 감소하고 있다는 믿음은 ‘수저계급론’을 비롯한 다양한 담론들의 형태로 광범위하게 확산되고 있다. 그러나 최근에 발표된 경험적 연구들은 한국에서 세대 간 상대적 사회이동이 줄어들지 않았거나 오히려 늘어났음을 보고하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 이 연구는 〈한국 노동패널조사〉 자료를 이용하여 1998년에 30~49세인 남성들(1949~68년생)과 2018년에 30~49세인 남성들(1969~88년생)을 대상으로 지난 20년 사이 한국의 세대 간 사회이동 수준이 어떠한 방향으로 변화해 왔는지 확인해보려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 특히 이 연구는 20년 차이를 두고 태어난 두 집단 남성들의 사회 계급을 30~49세라는 같은 나이에 측정한 자료를 가지고 세대 간 사회이동을 비교하기 때문에 기존 연구들의 한계로부터 비교적 자유롭다고 할 수 있다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. …
Intergenerational Educational Mobility and Life-Course Income Trajectories in the United States
Atheoretical formulation derived from the cumulative advantage literature, that intergenerational educational mobility has enduring life-course income effects above and beyond individuals’ education, is empirically tested. This formulation contrasts sharply with both the human capital model, which does not consider parental education as a determinant of children’s income, and the sociological research on social mobility, which mostly relies on a …
Converging Educational Differences in Parents' Time Use in Developmental Child Care
Objective This study examines parents' time use in developmental child care by parental education and assesses whether the educational gap has widened or narrowed over the period of 2003–2017. Background The diverging trends in work hours between mothers with different levels of education since the early 2000s, along with the proliferation of the ideal of intensive parenting, suggest that education disparities in developmental child care time hav…
Social stratification and family change in Japan and Korea
Dramatic changes in family formation and dissolution in East Asia are well documented (Chen & Li, 2014; Jones et al., 2009; Raymo et al., 2015; Yu & Xie, 2021). For example, in Japan and Korea mean
Three decades of gender and education differentials in attitudes toward divorce in Taiwan, 1985–2015
Rising rates of divorce in Taiwan prompted debates over changes in the meaning of family, which must be understood alongside changes in attitudes toward divorce. The diffusion and lagged diffusion theories offer competing hypotheses regarding divorce attitude change by education and gender over time. Using the Taiwanese Social Change Survey, this study examines the trends in attitudes toward divorce in Taiwan over three decades (1985–2015). We te…
Trends and educational variation in the association between spouses’ marital histories in South Korea, 1993–2017
Marriages between divorced and never-married individuals indicate a societyâ s openness to divorce and have implications for childrenâ s well-being. Few studies have examined the association between spousesâ marital histories, its educational variation, and
Diverging gaps in childcare time by parental education in South Korea
BACKGROUND: Parental time is a key resource for children's development. Studies in the United States highlight diverging gaps in parental time for children between highly educated and low-educated parents. South Korea offers an interesting context in which to examine the trend. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses whether differences in childcare time have diverged or converged between parents with higher and lower levels of education over the 15-year …
US baby boomers' homeownership trajectories across the life course: A Sequence Analysis approach
Extensive homeownership research examines rates, transitions, and timing, over short and medium time spans. However, little is known about long-term homeownership patterns over the life course. https://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION Conceptualizing and measuring homeownership as a life course phenomenon over the long term, our study suggests considerable stability of homeownership with experiences shaped by key sociodemographic charact…
Introduction to the special collection on family changes and inequality in East Asia
BACKGROUND: East Asian societies have experienced rapid social changes, among which the extraordinary expansion of higher education for both women and men, rising economic inequality, and increasing labor market uncertainty should be particularly relevant to family changes. At the same time, gender inequality and traditional gender norms still prevail and shape family life in the region. The eight articles in this special collection share the com…
Parental Academic Involvement in Cross-border marriage, Native and Immigrant Families: The Roles of Family Resources and Parental Expectations
Migration patterns have become more complicated than before. The increase in cross-border marriage has increased the diversity of the student population. A simple distinction between native and immigrant students overly simplifies their diverse backgrounds. Analyzing data from PISA 2012, we attempt to fill the gap in the literature by comparing parental involvement between cross-border marriage, native, and immigrant families in Hong Kong, with a…
Marriage and Family in East Asia: Continuity and Change
Trends toward later and less marriage and childbearing have been even more pronounced in East Asia than in the West. At the same time, many other features of East Asian families have changed very little. We review recent research on trends in a wide range of family behaviors in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We also draw upon a range of theoretical frameworks to argue that trends in marriage and fertility reflect tension between rapid social an…
Learning Beyond the School Walls: Trends and Implications
Academically-focused learning activities beyond formal schooling are expanding in myriad forms throughout the world. This diverse realm of learning activities includes private supplementary education purchased by families such as private tutoring, online courses, cram schools, and learning center franchises. Some public schools also provide academically oriented after-school programs beyond their formal curricula. This review identifies factors r…
The Academic Success of East Asian American Youth: The Role of Shadow Education
Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, this study assessed the relevance of shadow education to the high academic performance of East Asian American students by examining how East Asian American students differed from other racial/ethnic students in the prevalence, purpose, and effects of using the two forms-commercial test preparation service and private one-to-one tutoring-of SAT coaching, defined as the American style of shadow educ…
Stratification and the formation of expectations in highly differentiated educational systems
Education in East Asian Societies: Postwar Expansion and the Evolution of Inequality
This article reviews research on the coevolution of educational expansion and educational inequality within China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan in the post-World War II period. These societies are often lauded for their spectacular economic growth, widespread commitment to investing in education, and intense competition for academic success. This review first considers organizational sorting and horizontal stratification within the educational …
Parental Involvement and Students' Cognitive Outcomes in Korea: Focusing on Private Tutoring
Studies of parental involvement and children's education in a variety of contexts can provide valuable insights into how the relationships between parental involvement and student outcomes depend upon specific local contexts of family and education. Korean education is distinctive with its high prevalence of private tutoring, which not only imposes an economic burden on parents but also requires parents' time and efforts to select the best kind o…
Diverging Destinies in East Asia
Research on diverging destinies provides a compelling and influential framework for understanding relationships between socioeconomic bifurcation in family behavior and inequality within and across generations. Articulations of the diverging destinies framework stress its broad relevance for low-fertility societies, but empirical evaluations in East Asia are limited. We address this gap by summarizing and synthesizing scholarship on socioeconomic…
Divorce in Korea: Trends and Educational Differentials
The authors extend comparative research on educational differences in divorce by analyzing data from Korea. A primary motivation was to assess whether the theoretically unexpected negative educational gradient in divorce in Japan is also observed in Korea. Using vital statistics records for marriages and divorces registered between 1991 and 2006, the authors calculated cumulative probabilities of divorce, by marriage cohort (N =5,734,577) and edu…
Introduction to the special issue: Education as a positional good
Single Parenthood and Children's Reading Performance in Asia
Using the data from Program for International Student Assessment, I examine the gap in reading performance between 15-year-old students in single-parent and intact families in 5 Asian countries in comparison to the United States. The ordinary least square regression analyses show negligible disadvantages of students with a single parent in Hong Kong and Korea, once students' demographic characteristics and socioeconomic background are held consta…
Marriage Decline in Korea: Changing Composition of the Domestic Marriage Market and Growth in International Marriage
Explanations for the substantial decline in rates of marriage in East Asian countries often emphasize the role of rapid educational expansion for women in reducing the desirability of marriages characterized by a strong gender-based division of labor. Focusing on South Korea, we consider a very different scenario in which changing educational composition of the marriage market reduces the demographic feasibility of such marriages. Analyses of 1% …
Sovereignty and Status in East Asian International Relations
This book provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of a key concept in East Asian security debates, sovereign autonomy, and how it reproduces hierarchy in the regional order. Park argues that contemporary strategic debates in East Asia are based on shared contextual knowledge - that of international hierarchy - reconstructed in the late-nineteenth century. The mechanism that reproduces this lens of hierarchy is domestic legitimacy politics i…
Public policy and the effect of sibship size on educational achievement: A comparative study of 20 countries
The Role of Migration and Single Motherhood in Upper Secondary Education in Mexico
We investigated the link between migration, family structure, and the risk of dropping out of upper secondary school in Mexico. Using two waves of the Mexican Family Life Survey, which includes 1,080 upper secondary students, we longitudinally modeled the role of family structure in the subsequent risk of dropping out, focusing on the role of migration in single motherhood. We found that children living without a father because of international m…
Educational Assortative Mating in South Korea: Trends 1930–1998
Shadow education and educational inequality in South Korea: Examining effect heterogeneity of shadow education on middle school seniors’ achievement test scores
Educational expansion and changes in occupational returns to education in Korea
Racial and ethnic differences in student participation in private supplementary education activities
Causal Effects of Single-Sex Schools on College Entrance Exams and College Attendance: Random Assignment in Seoul High Schools
Despite the voluminous literature on the potentials of single-sex schools, there is no consensus on the effects of single-sex schools because of student selection of school types. We exploit a unique feature of schooling in Seoul—the random assignment of students into single-sex versus coeducational high schools—to assess causal effects of single-sex schools on college entrance exam scores and college attendance. Our validation of the random assi…
The Transition to Adulthood among Korean Youths: Transition Markers in Productive and Reproductive Spheres
Using data on Korean youths aged 15-29, this study illustrates the processes through which Korean youths make transitions to adulthood along with their life course, focusing on four transition markers-school enrollment, labor force participation, marriage, and the establishment of an independent household. Distinguishing young people's status in the productive and reproduction spheres, I consider the combination of study and work statuses to repr…
Growing educational differentials in the retreat from marriage among Korean men
Effects of single parenthood on educational aspiration and student disengagement in Korea
The recent rapid increase in divorce, along with its distinctive cultural and welfare environments for single-parent families, makes Korea an interesting case for examining effects of single parenthood on childrenâ s education. Using data from Korean 9t
Long-term trends in living alone among Korean adults: Age, gender, and educational differences
One of the major demographic changes in Korea is the rapid increase of one-person households, from 7% in 1985 to 24% in 2010. The increase of living alone has important implications for the traditional family system
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in Korea by Gender, Socio-Economic Background, and Family Structure
In this paper, I summarise empirical findings regarding the degree of and trend in inequality of educational opportunity in South Korea to indicate the extent to which individuals' educational outcomes are associated with their ascribed characteristics such as gender, socio-economic origin, and family structure. To gauge the degree of educational inequality in South Korea, I refer to various studies that provide cross-national comparisons in the …
Do grandparents matter? A multigenerational perspective on educational attainment in Taiwan
The History of Ginseng Cultivation in the Orient
ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Asian Plants with Unique Horticultural Potential: Genetic Resources, Cultural Practices, and Utilization THE HISTORY OF GINSENG CULTIVATION IN THE ORIENT
Intergenerational Social Mobility Among Korean Men in Comparative Perspective
Racial/ethnic differences in voluntary and involuntary job mobility among young men
Educational Assortative Mating in South Korea: Trends 1930–1998
CHAPTER Four South Korea: Educational Expansion and Inequality of Opportunity for Higher Education
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in Korea by Gender, Socio-Economic Background, and Family Structure
In this paper, I summarise empirical findings regarding the degree of and trend in inequality of educational opportunity in South Korea to indicate the extent to which individuals' educational outcomes are associated with their ascribed characteristics such as gender, socio-economic origin, and family structure. To gauge the degree of educational inequality in South Korea, I refer to various studies that provide cross-national comparisons in the …
Educational expansion and changes in occupational returns to education in Korea
Single Parenthood and Children's Reading Performance in Asia
Using the data from Program for International Student Assessment, I examine the gap in reading performance between 15-year-old students in single-parent and intact families in 5 Asian countries in comparison to the United States. The ordinary least square regression analyses show negligible disadvantages of students with a single parent in Hong Kong and Korea, once students' demographic characteristics and socioeconomic background are held consta…
Home literacy environments and children's reading performance: A comparative study of 25 countries
Using data for 4th graders in primary schools from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), I compare across 25 countries the ways in which home literacy environments influence children's reading performance. Examined are three indicators: early home literacy activities, parental attitudes toward reading, and number of books at home. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses show that the 3 measures of home literac…
A survey of data sources for studies of family and population in Korean history
Compared to China and Japan, family and population studies of pre-modern Korea have not been widely available to scholars outside Korea. As a necessary step to increase scholarship in Korean historical demography, we introduce major historical materials currently available in Korea as useful for historical studies, summarizing demographic variables provided, the type of population covered, and the historical period referred in those historical ma…
Marriage, Social Status, and Family Succession in Medieval Korea (Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries)
Despite their significance for historical demographic research, a major limitation of Chinese genealogies is the relative lack of information on daughters, their husbands, and their descendants, which prevents an examination of how the boundary of family was extended through the marriage network. To fill this “hole” in Chinese genealogies, we use the genealogy of the Andong Kwôn clan, published in 1476, the oldest existing genealogy in Korea. Int…
Effects of single parenthood on educational aspiration and student disengagement in Korea
The recent rapid increase in divorce, along with its distinctive cultural and welfare environments for single-parent families, makes Korea an interesting case for examining effects of single parenthood on childrenâ s education. Using data from Korean 9t
Public policy and the effect of sibship size on educational achievement: A comparative study of 20 countries
Stratification and the formation of expectations in highly differentiated educational systems
Landholding and Fertility in Korea: 1914-1925
By matching the population registers with the land tax roster, the authors examine how a family's socioeconomic status, represented by the size of landholding, affected fertility behaviors among Korean women in a village of Jeju Island for the period from 1914 to 1925. Landholding is an important indicator of a family's socioeconomic condition, especially for this historical population, the majority of whom were engaged in agricultural work. The …
The Role of Migration and Single Motherhood in Upper Secondary Education in Mexico
We investigated the link between migration, family structure, and the risk of dropping out of upper secondary school in Mexico. Using two waves of the Mexican Family Life Survey, which includes 1,080 upper secondary students, we longitudinally modeled the role of family structure in the subsequent risk of dropping out, focusing on the role of migration in single motherhood. We found that children living without a father because of international m…
Globalization, changing demographics, and educational challenges in East Asia
Family succession through adoption in the Chosun Dynasty
Using a unique data source of genealogies of upper-status families, called Bulcheonwye families, we assess how the extent of family succession through adoption changed over five centuries from 1450 to 1949 in Korea. Our analysis shows the continued increase in the share of adopted sons among total family successors up to the end of the 19th century when three out of ten family successors were adopted. The trend of the increasing role of adoption …
The Stability of Self-Employment: A Comparison between Japan and Korea
The persistent role of self-employment in the Japanese and Korean economies and its changing character under recent economic and industrial changes merit renewed attention to self-employment in the two countries. Using individuals' job history data, the article compares the occupational heterogeneity of self-employment activities and stability in Japan and Korea. Korea shows a much higher prevalence of shop/restaurant owners among total self-empl…
Literacy Gaps by Educational Attainment: A Cross-National Analysis
Existing cross-national research on educational attainment does not fully address whether the same level of educational attainment generates the same level of literacy skills in different countries. We analyze literacy skills data for young adults from 19 countries in the 1994-1998 International Adult Literacy Survey and find that in all countries, individuals with a higher level of educational attainment tend to have greater literacy skills. How…
Parental Involvement and Students' Cognitive Outcomes in Korea: Focusing on Private Tutoring
Studies of parental involvement and children's education in a variety of contexts can provide valuable insights into how the relationships between parental involvement and student outcomes depend upon specific local contexts of family and education. Korean education is distinctive with its high prevalence of private tutoring, which not only imposes an economic burden on parents but also requires parents' time and efforts to select the best kind o…
The Academic Success of East Asian American Youth: The Role of Shadow Education
Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, this study assessed the relevance of shadow education to the high academic performance of East Asian American students by examining how East Asian American students differed from other racial/ethnic students in the prevalence, purpose, and effects of using the two forms-commercial test preparation service and private one-to-one tutoring-of SAT coaching, defined as the American style of shadow educ…
Tracking individuals and households: Longitudinal features of Danseong household register data
Household registers, which were compiled every three years and contained a variety of demographic information, are invaluable sources with which to investigate family and demographic behaviors of historical populations in Korea, especially during the period of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Linking three sets of household registers that covered the area of Danseong from 1780 to 1786, in this study we examine longitudinal features of Kor…
Causal Effects of Single-Sex Schools on College Entrance Exams and College Attendance: Random Assignment in Seoul High Schools
Despite the voluminous literature on the potentials of single-sex schools, there is no consensus on the effects of single-sex schools because of student selection of school types. We exploit a unique feature of schooling in Seoul—the random assignment of students into single-sex versus coeducational high schools—to assess causal effects of single-sex schools on college entrance exam scores and college attendance. Our validation of the random assi…
The Transition to Adulthood among Korean Youths: Transition Markers in Productive and Reproductive Spheres
Using data on Korean youths aged 15-29, this study illustrates the processes through which Korean youths make transitions to adulthood along with their life course, focusing on four transition markers-school enrollment, labor force participation, marriage, and the establishment of an independent household. Distinguishing young people's status in the productive and reproduction spheres, I consider the combination of study and work statuses to repr…
Sociology (61 works) · Psychology (48 works) · Economics (42 works) · Demography (40 works) · Demographic economics (35 works) · Political science (34 works) · Geography (31 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (26 works) · Population (25 works) · Demography (23 works)