Peter Söderlund
Biographic Data
| ID | 1534500 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter Söderlund |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter |
| FAMILY NAME | Söderlund |
| SIGNATURE | SÖDERLUND P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Åbo Akademi University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5855-639X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 350 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
The Influence of Justification Content and Argument Source on Perceived Argument Quality
Argumentation is at the core of political communication. We study what criteria people use when they evaluate argument quality. We ask how justification content and argument source – who presents the argument – influence perceived argument quality, as well as how these two interact. Regarding justification content, we rely on criteria derived from deliberative democracy, and separate appeals to common or private interests. Regarding argument sour…
The best of two worlds? How residence-country contexts affect migrants’ origin-country political engagement
This article examines how migrants’ experiences in their country of residence shape their political engagement with their country of origin. Using survey data from Belgian, Finnish, and Polish non-resident citizens living in 134 countries, the study tests two competing hypotheses: the zero-sum hypothesis , which posits that greater engagement in residence-country politics diminishes engagement with the country of origin, and the positive reinforc…
Can Organized Deliberation Reduce Confirmation Bias
This is an accepted article with a DOI pre-assigned that is not yet published.This article explores the potentialof deliberative mini-publics (DMP) for reducing confirmation bias, that is, thetendency to seek out information that confirms existing views over informationthat contradicts them. A deliberative mini-public exposes participants todiverse opinions in a constructive environment, which could potentially hinderbiased information searches. …
School track and adolescents’ climate change attitudes
Amid growing climate concerns, global research and policies highlight the increasing importance of climate education in schools. Schools, being a significant setting for climate education, play a vital role in shaping children’s views during their formative years. Furthermore, schools do not only provide children and adolescents with information, but also act as an empowering platform where children can learn and cultivate ways to address issues …
Family Beats School? Adolescents' Turnout Intention on Different Educational Tracks
Studies on political socialisation reveal that children and adolescents develop attitudes towards political processes long before they can actively participate in politics. This study, using panel data on Finnish adolescents ( n = 1331), investigates how adolescents' turnout intention evolves as they approach the official voting age, particularly examining the influence of different educational trajectories on turnout intention among those from p…
Mummy’s girls, daddy’s boys: The Gendered Transmission of Political Engagement in Families
Despite gains in women's education, workforce participation, and leadership roles, a gender gap in political self-efficacy persists across European nations. Women consistently report lower confidence in their ability to participate in and understand politics compared to their male counterparts. This study posits that, although society inherently signals to boys their place in politics, a politically engaged mother can counteract this by providing…
Measurement error when surveying issue positions: A MultiTrait MultiError approach
Voters’ issue preferences are key determinants of vote choice, making it essential to reduce measurement error in responses to issue questions in surveys. This study uses a MultiTrait MultiError approach to assess the data quality of issue questions by separating four sources of variation: trait, acquiescence, method, and random error. The questions generally achieved moderate data quality, with 76% on average representing valid variance. Random …
Political interest, political ideology, and attitudes toward immigration
Although much research has been devoted to how political interest is related to different political outcomes, little is known about its influence on attitudes toward immigration. In line with deliberative theory, political interest should facilitate greater exposure to various perspectives via political discussions and other forms of political engagement that, in turn, should contribute to more positive attitude toward those with differing views …
Can a change in the leadership of a populist radical right party be traced among voters? The case of the Finns Party
What happens to the electorate of a populist radical right party when the party splits? Finland provides an excellent case for an analysis of this nature. In 2017, the Finns Party split due to an internal rift. Party leadership was taken over by members of the party's anti‐immigrant faction, who, in the election of 2019, succeeded in replicating the party's previous electoral successes in 2011 and 2015. At the same time, the moderate faction that…
Trajectories of the personal vote under open-list proportional representation: Evidence from Finland, 1999–2019
Little research has focused on how legislative candidates’ personal electoral support develops over time and why. This study examines the vote trajectories of individual candidates and how they vary according to candidates’ personal vote-earning attributes. Longitudinal data on over 1700 candidates who between 1999 and 2019 participated in two or more parliamentary elections in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system are analysed…
When even the prime minister sits on the municipal council. Analysing the value of ‘localness’ and Finnish MPs’ incentives to ‘cumulate’ in an open-list voting system
This article addresses a curiously neglected question, namely why do the vast majority of Finnish MPs—one of the highest levels in the world—hold a seat on the municipal council? The basic presumption is that Finnish parliamentarians are not first and foremost ‘office-seekers’; they do not seek municipal council office as a primary goal. Rather, they view municipal elections as a means of attaining localness, either as a personal vote-earning att…
Disagreement and Deliberation: Evidence from Three Deliberative Mini-Publics
This article is based on three experiments in citizen deliberation. We ask whether disagreement at group level as well as at individual level influence participants’ experiences of deliberation. In all three experiments, participants discussed in small groups and answered surveys before and after deliberations. The experiments were population-based with random selection. The topic of the first deliberation was nuclear power, the second dealt with…
The Force of the Argument Source: The Partiality of the Source Influences the Evaluation of Political Arguments
We study the influence of argument sources on argument quality evaluations. Argument source refers to the person who present the argument. We ask whether partial, impartial and reluctant sources generate different evaluations of argument quality. We explore the source effect via a survey experiment where participants are asked to evaluate the quality of political arguments. Previous research on source partiality mainly concerns persuasion. The re…
Does sports success increase government support? Voter (ir)rationality in a multiparty context
A growing number of studies discuss the impact of non-political factors on the political success of incumbents. Theoretically, this literature addresses core ideas about electoral accountability and voter rationality. Scholars have explored factors such as shark attacks, weather, natural disasters, and sports results. So far, the evidence has been inconclusive and almost exclusively from majoritarian contexts, where government accountability is e…
Explaining the migrant–native vote gap under open-list proportional representation
Migrant candidates tend to win fewer preference votes compared to native candidates across electoral systems. We focus on two general explanations for the observed migrant–native vote gap: (1) disproportionate amounts of electorally valuable resources and (2) an electoral penalty whereby migrant candidates who hold similar resources as native candidates are treated differently by the voters. Three types of resources are included as independent va…
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system
The relevance of contextual generalised trust in explaining individual immigration sentiments
This paper measures both individual- and contextual effects of generalised trust on Europeans’ attitudes towards immigration. Our data come from round 7 of the European Social Survey (ESS) with which it is possible to measure generalised trust also at the subnational level (NUTS levels). This enables us to capture evident variation in generalised trust within countries. Our main contribution is to test whether two persons who have the same level …
Is it All about the Economy? Government Fractionalization, Economic Performance and Satisfaction with Democracy across Europe, 2002−13
While previous research has generally shown that economic performance is an important predictor of satisfaction with democracy, differences between political systems on the majoritarian-consensual dimension have not been as marked as expected. What has been neglected in previous studies is how the interaction between economic performance and type of power-sharing arrangement co-produce democratic satisfaction. This study uses multiple rounds of d…
Candidate-centred electoral systems and voter turnout
This study evaluates contradictory theoretical predictions concerning the relationship between the candidate-centredness of electoral systems and voter turnout. Candidate-centredness has been proposed to both stimulate and depress turnout. Cross-sectional time-series data from 36 democracies between 1990 and 2014 are used to test the competing assumptions made about the impact of the personal vote on turnout. Three measures assessing the extent t…
Political Trust, Individual‐level Characteristics and Institutional Performance: Evidence from Finland, 2004–13
Several scholars agree that low political trust has fundamental negative implications for society at large. This study tests the power of institutional performance theory in explaining the differences between individuals in political trust (cross‐sectional) and fluctuations of political trust over time (longitudinal). Indeed, the dominant scholarly debate has concerned whether political trust is stable and dependent of endogenous factors such as …
Candidate‐centred electoral systems and change in incumbent vote share: A cross‐national and longitudinal analysis
This study examines if prime minister's parties are punished or rewarded by voters to a lesser extent in candidate‐centred electoral systems compared to party‐centred systems. Candidate‐centred systems allow the voters greater choice in determining the fate of individual candidates at the district level and create incentives for candidates to cultivate a personal vote rather than pursuing a party vote. Voters in these systems are more likely to f…
In sickness and in health: Personal health and political participation in the Nordic countries
In search of a better understanding of inequalities in citizen political engagement, scholars have begun addressing the relationship between personal health and patterns of political behavior. This study focuses on the impact of personal health on various forms of political participation. The analysis contributes to existing knowledge by examining a number of different participation forms beyond just voting. Using European Social Survey data from…
Economic voting in Finland before and after an economic crisis
Party, leader or candidate? dissecting the right-wing populist vote in Finland
What populist right parties offer (the supply side) should be examined in relation to the preferences of the populist right electorate (the demand side). This article examines how the supply and demand in the electoral market are met by assessing the relative importance of party, party leader, and district-level candidate for the right-wing populist vote. The study is set in an electoral system, which uses preferential voting for candidates in mu…
Healthy voting: The effect of self-reported health on turnout in 30 countries
Healthy voting: The effect of self-reported health on turnout in 30 countries
Retrospective Voting and Electoral Volatility: A Nordic Perspective
This article examines why people vote for the same party, switch parties or move from voting to non‐voting at consecutive elections. By using post‐election survey data from Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the beginning of the 2000s, the main aim is to model the impact of retrospective evaluations of party performance while controlling for theoretically relevant variables. The results of the multinomial regression analyses confirm that diss…
The impact of motivational and contextual factors on turnout in first- and second-order elections
Subnational political opportunity structures and the success of the radical right: Evidence from the March 2004 regional elections in France
This article attempts to explain the impact of department‐level political opportunity structures on the electoral success of the French Front National (FN) in the 2004 regional elections. The concept of ‘political opportunity structure’ refers to the degree of openness of a particular political system and the external institutional or socio‐economic constraints and opportunities that it sets for political parties. Comparative analysis across subn…
Is it All about the Economy? Government Fractionalization, Economic Performance and Satisfaction with Democracy across Europe, 2002−13
While previous research has generally shown that economic performance is an important predictor of satisfaction with democracy, differences between political systems on the majoritarian-consensual dimension have not been as marked as expected. What has been neglected in previous studies is how the interaction between economic performance and type of power-sharing arrangement co-produce democratic satisfaction. This study uses multiple rounds of d…
Political Trust, Individual‐level Characteristics and Institutional Performance: Evidence from Finland, 2004–13
Several scholars agree that low political trust has fundamental negative implications for society at large. This study tests the power of institutional performance theory in explaining the differences between individuals in political trust (cross‐sectional) and fluctuations of political trust over time (longitudinal). Indeed, the dominant scholarly debate has concerned whether political trust is stable and dependent of endogenous factors such as …
In sickness and in health: Personal health and political participation in the Nordic countries
In search of a better understanding of inequalities in citizen political engagement, scholars have begun addressing the relationship between personal health and patterns of political behavior. This study focuses on the impact of personal health on various forms of political participation. The analysis contributes to existing knowledge by examining a number of different participation forms beyond just voting. Using European Social Survey data from…
Personality and Turnout: Results from the Finnish Longitudinal Studies
Scholars in the field of electoral participation have for long been aware that turnout is strongly connected to sociopsychological variables such as religiosity, party identification, political interest and sense of political efficacy. The impact of personality characteristics has remained largely unexplored until recently. Based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS, original N = 369), this article analy…
Party, leader or candidate? dissecting the right-wing populist vote in Finland
What populist right parties offer (the supply side) should be examined in relation to the preferences of the populist right electorate (the demand side). This article examines how the supply and demand in the electoral market are met by assessing the relative importance of party, party leader, and district-level candidate for the right-wing populist vote. The study is set in an electoral system, which uses preferential voting for candidates in mu…
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system
Local determinants of radical right-wing voting: The case of the Norwegian progress party
This article seeks, firstly, to explore the influence of local level institutional and socioeconomic determinants on the Progress Party vote in Norway. Secondly, it examines whether the impact of these factors varies between municipal and parliamentary elections. Comparative subnational analysis of six elections (1995–2005) is conducted, treating 430–435 Norwegian municipalities as the units of analysis. Five variables related to electoral instit…
Candidate‐centred electoral systems and change in incumbent vote share: A cross‐national and longitudinal analysis
This study examines if prime minister's parties are punished or rewarded by voters to a lesser extent in candidate‐centred electoral systems compared to party‐centred systems. Candidate‐centred systems allow the voters greater choice in determining the fate of individual candidates at the district level and create incentives for candidates to cultivate a personal vote rather than pursuing a party vote. Voters in these systems are more likely to f…
When even the prime minister sits on the municipal council. Analysing the value of ‘localness’ and Finnish MPs’ incentives to ‘cumulate’ in an open-list voting system
This article addresses a curiously neglected question, namely why do the vast majority of Finnish MPs—one of the highest levels in the world—hold a seat on the municipal council? The basic presumption is that Finnish parliamentarians are not first and foremost ‘office-seekers’; they do not seek municipal council office as a primary goal. Rather, they view municipal elections as a means of attaining localness, either as a personal vote-earning att…
Candidate-centred electoral systems and voter turnout
This study evaluates contradictory theoretical predictions concerning the relationship between the candidate-centredness of electoral systems and voter turnout. Candidate-centredness has been proposed to both stimulate and depress turnout. Cross-sectional time-series data from 36 democracies between 1990 and 2014 are used to test the competing assumptions made about the impact of the personal vote on turnout. Three measures assessing the extent t…
Can a change in the leadership of a populist radical right party be traced among voters? The case of the Finns Party
What happens to the electorate of a populist radical right party when the party splits? Finland provides an excellent case for an analysis of this nature. In 2017, the Finns Party split due to an internal rift. Party leadership was taken over by members of the party's anti‐immigrant faction, who, in the election of 2019, succeeded in replicating the party's previous electoral successes in 2011 and 2015. At the same time, the moderate faction that…
Economic voting in Finland before and after an economic crisis
Mummy’s girls, daddy’s boys: The Gendered Transmission of Political Engagement in Families
Despite gains in women's education, workforce participation, and leadership roles, a gender gap in political self-efficacy persists across European nations. Women consistently report lower confidence in their ability to participate in and understand politics compared to their male counterparts. This study posits that, although society inherently signals to boys their place in politics, a politically engaged mother can counteract this by providing…
Trajectories of the personal vote under open-list proportional representation: Evidence from Finland, 1999–2019
Little research has focused on how legislative candidates’ personal electoral support develops over time and why. This study examines the vote trajectories of individual candidates and how they vary according to candidates’ personal vote-earning attributes. Longitudinal data on over 1700 candidates who between 1999 and 2019 participated in two or more parliamentary elections in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system are analysed…
The relevance of contextual generalised trust in explaining individual immigration sentiments
This paper measures both individual- and contextual effects of generalised trust on Europeans’ attitudes towards immigration. Our data come from round 7 of the European Social Survey (ESS) with which it is possible to measure generalised trust also at the subnational level (NUTS levels). This enables us to capture evident variation in generalised trust within countries. Our main contribution is to test whether two persons who have the same level …
Disagreement and Deliberation: Evidence from Three Deliberative Mini-Publics
This article is based on three experiments in citizen deliberation. We ask whether disagreement at group level as well as at individual level influence participants’ experiences of deliberation. In all three experiments, participants discussed in small groups and answered surveys before and after deliberations. The experiments were population-based with random selection. The topic of the first deliberation was nuclear power, the second dealt with…
School track and adolescents’ climate change attitudes
Amid growing climate concerns, global research and policies highlight the increasing importance of climate education in schools. Schools, being a significant setting for climate education, play a vital role in shaping children’s views during their formative years. Furthermore, schools do not only provide children and adolescents with information, but also act as an empowering platform where children can learn and cultivate ways to address issues …
Political interest, political ideology, and attitudes toward immigration
Although much research has been devoted to how political interest is related to different political outcomes, little is known about its influence on attitudes toward immigration. In line with deliberative theory, political interest should facilitate greater exposure to various perspectives via political discussions and other forms of political engagement that, in turn, should contribute to more positive attitude toward those with differing views …
Does sports success increase government support? Voter (ir)rationality in a multiparty context
A growing number of studies discuss the impact of non-political factors on the political success of incumbents. Theoretically, this literature addresses core ideas about electoral accountability and voter rationality. Scholars have explored factors such as shark attacks, weather, natural disasters, and sports results. So far, the evidence has been inconclusive and almost exclusively from majoritarian contexts, where government accountability is e…
Electoral Success and Federal-level Influence of Russian Regional Executives
The significance of structural power resources in the Russian Bilateral treaty process 1994–1998
Scholars have characterized the relationship between a state center and regions, especially in federal states, as an ongoing bargaining game. The central objective in this study is to demonstrate the importance of political, economic, geographic and cultural determinants, or structural resources, in center-region relations in the Russian Federation during the 1990s. Structural resources have provided regional leaders with structural power in the …
Elitkontinuitet i Rysslands regioner
The Russian subnational executives as institutional veto players
This study discusses the ability of subnational heads of government to constrain the power of the federal government in the Russian Federation. The intention is to examine under which conditions regional executives have operated since the beginning of the 1990s. The study also takes a comparative approach by examining the formal institutional strength of subnational executives in 24 other contemporary federal states. The Russian executives have h…
Electoral Success and Federal-level Influence of Russian Regional Executives
Local determinants of radical right-wing voting: The case of the Norwegian progress party
This article seeks, firstly, to explore the influence of local level institutional and socioeconomic determinants on the Progress Party vote in Norway. Secondly, it examines whether the impact of these factors varies between municipal and parliamentary elections. Comparative subnational analysis of six elections (1995–2005) is conducted, treating 430–435 Norwegian municipalities as the units of analysis. Five variables related to electoral instit…
Subnational political opportunity structures and the success of the radical right: Evidence from the March 2004 regional elections in France
This article attempts to explain the impact of department‐level political opportunity structures on the electoral success of the French Front National (FN) in the 2004 regional elections. The concept of ‘political opportunity structure’ refers to the degree of openness of a particular political system and the external institutional or socio‐economic constraints and opportunities that it sets for political parties. Comparative analysis across subn…
Retrospective Voting and Electoral Volatility: A Nordic Perspective
This article examines why people vote for the same party, switch parties or move from voting to non‐voting at consecutive elections. By using post‐election survey data from Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the beginning of the 2000s, the main aim is to model the impact of retrospective evaluations of party performance while controlling for theoretically relevant variables. The results of the multinomial regression analyses confirm that diss…
Personality and Turnout: Results from the Finnish Longitudinal Studies
Scholars in the field of electoral participation have for long been aware that turnout is strongly connected to sociopsychological variables such as religiosity, party identification, political interest and sense of political efficacy. The impact of personality characteristics has remained largely unexplored until recently. Based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS, original N = 369), this article analy…
The impact of motivational and contextual factors on turnout in first- and second-order elections
Healthy voting: The effect of self-reported health on turnout in 30 countries
Economic voting in Finland before and after an economic crisis
Party, leader or candidate? dissecting the right-wing populist vote in Finland
What populist right parties offer (the supply side) should be examined in relation to the preferences of the populist right electorate (the demand side). This article examines how the supply and demand in the electoral market are met by assessing the relative importance of party, party leader, and district-level candidate for the right-wing populist vote. The study is set in an electoral system, which uses preferential voting for candidates in mu…
In sickness and in health: Personal health and political participation in the Nordic countries
In search of a better understanding of inequalities in citizen political engagement, scholars have begun addressing the relationship between personal health and patterns of political behavior. This study focuses on the impact of personal health on various forms of political participation. The analysis contributes to existing knowledge by examining a number of different participation forms beyond just voting. Using European Social Survey data from…
Political Trust, Individual‐level Characteristics and Institutional Performance: Evidence from Finland, 2004–13
Several scholars agree that low political trust has fundamental negative implications for society at large. This study tests the power of institutional performance theory in explaining the differences between individuals in political trust (cross‐sectional) and fluctuations of political trust over time (longitudinal). Indeed, the dominant scholarly debate has concerned whether political trust is stable and dependent of endogenous factors such as …
Candidate‐centred electoral systems and change in incumbent vote share: A cross‐national and longitudinal analysis
This study examines if prime minister's parties are punished or rewarded by voters to a lesser extent in candidate‐centred electoral systems compared to party‐centred systems. Candidate‐centred systems allow the voters greater choice in determining the fate of individual candidates at the district level and create incentives for candidates to cultivate a personal vote rather than pursuing a party vote. Voters in these systems are more likely to f…
Is it All about the Economy? Government Fractionalization, Economic Performance and Satisfaction with Democracy across Europe, 2002−13
While previous research has generally shown that economic performance is an important predictor of satisfaction with democracy, differences between political systems on the majoritarian-consensual dimension have not been as marked as expected. What has been neglected in previous studies is how the interaction between economic performance and type of power-sharing arrangement co-produce democratic satisfaction. This study uses multiple rounds of d…
Candidate-centred electoral systems and voter turnout
This study evaluates contradictory theoretical predictions concerning the relationship between the candidate-centredness of electoral systems and voter turnout. Candidate-centredness has been proposed to both stimulate and depress turnout. Cross-sectional time-series data from 36 democracies between 1990 and 2014 are used to test the competing assumptions made about the impact of the personal vote on turnout. Three measures assessing the extent t…
The relevance of contextual generalised trust in explaining individual immigration sentiments
This paper measures both individual- and contextual effects of generalised trust on Europeans’ attitudes towards immigration. Our data come from round 7 of the European Social Survey (ESS) with which it is possible to measure generalised trust also at the subnational level (NUTS levels). This enables us to capture evident variation in generalised trust within countries. Our main contribution is to test whether two persons who have the same level …
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system
The Force of the Argument Source: The Partiality of the Source Influences the Evaluation of Political Arguments
We study the influence of argument sources on argument quality evaluations. Argument source refers to the person who present the argument. We ask whether partial, impartial and reluctant sources generate different evaluations of argument quality. We explore the source effect via a survey experiment where participants are asked to evaluate the quality of political arguments. Previous research on source partiality mainly concerns persuasion. The re…
Does sports success increase government support? Voter (ir)rationality in a multiparty context
A growing number of studies discuss the impact of non-political factors on the political success of incumbents. Theoretically, this literature addresses core ideas about electoral accountability and voter rationality. Scholars have explored factors such as shark attacks, weather, natural disasters, and sports results. So far, the evidence has been inconclusive and almost exclusively from majoritarian contexts, where government accountability is e…
Explaining the migrant–native vote gap under open-list proportional representation
Migrant candidates tend to win fewer preference votes compared to native candidates across electoral systems. We focus on two general explanations for the observed migrant–native vote gap: (1) disproportionate amounts of electorally valuable resources and (2) an electoral penalty whereby migrant candidates who hold similar resources as native candidates are treated differently by the voters. Three types of resources are included as independent va…
When even the prime minister sits on the municipal council. Analysing the value of ‘localness’ and Finnish MPs’ incentives to ‘cumulate’ in an open-list voting system
This article addresses a curiously neglected question, namely why do the vast majority of Finnish MPs—one of the highest levels in the world—hold a seat on the municipal council? The basic presumption is that Finnish parliamentarians are not first and foremost ‘office-seekers’; they do not seek municipal council office as a primary goal. Rather, they view municipal elections as a means of attaining localness, either as a personal vote-earning att…
Disagreement and Deliberation: Evidence from Three Deliberative Mini-Publics
This article is based on three experiments in citizen deliberation. We ask whether disagreement at group level as well as at individual level influence participants’ experiences of deliberation. In all three experiments, participants discussed in small groups and answered surveys before and after deliberations. The experiments were population-based with random selection. The topic of the first deliberation was nuclear power, the second dealt with…
Political interest, political ideology, and attitudes toward immigration
Although much research has been devoted to how political interest is related to different political outcomes, little is known about its influence on attitudes toward immigration. In line with deliberative theory, political interest should facilitate greater exposure to various perspectives via political discussions and other forms of political engagement that, in turn, should contribute to more positive attitude toward those with differing views …
Political science (28 works) · Politics (26 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (22 works) · Economics (21 works) · Law (21 works) · Law (19 works) · Social Media and Politics (17 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Voting (13 works) · Political economy (11 works)