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Lie Philip Santoso

Biographic Data

ID1535668
NAMELie Philip Santoso
GIVEN NAMESLie Philip
FAMILY NAMESantoso
SIGNATURESANTOSO L P
AFFILIATIONSDuke Kunshan University
ORCID0000-0002-7296-6838
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS11
TOTAL CITATIONS16
WORKS AS AUTHOR11
WORKS AS EDITOR0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2016
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • Elite Interactions and Social Bonds

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2026

  • When Does Party Cooperation Inform Voters Judgments of Policy Proximity? A Cross-National Analysis of Heuristic Use in Multi-Party Democracies

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2026

    In complex multiparty democracies, citizens face the challenge of interpreting elite behavior to locate parties on the policy spectrum. This paper investigates when and why voters use party cooperation as a heuristic for judging the distance between their own preferences and those of an out-party. Drawing on the theory of ecological rationality, I argue that cooperation becomes an efficient heuristic when it is cheap to access, simple to apply, a…

  • Out-group homogeneity as evidence of left-right identification in multi-party democracies

    Open Access•Nick C N Lin, Nick Lin et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2026•References: 22

    Are citizens in western democracies developing affective attachments to the Left and Right as social-political groups? If so, one can hardly imagine a more consequential development for understanding the electoral behavior of Western publics. However, previous evidence suggesting such attachments are important (and growing) comes from a small number of single-case studies. In this paper, we expand the evidentiary basis for this idea by implementi…

  • Who cooperates with whom? The role of day-to-day partisan cooperation in affective polarization

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Party Politics•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 60

    Recent research has shown that partisan cooperation in the form of coalitional government in parliamentary democracies can mitigate partisans’ negative feelings toward opposing parties. However, little is known regarding the influence of informal cooperation beyond coalition arrangements on citizens’ affection towards the out-parties. To address this, I combine survey data from 11 Western democracies with a measure of parties’ public relationship…

  • Ties that bind? Women leaders' voting congruence in the United Nations General Assembly

    Open Access•Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey King et al.•ARTICLE•International Relations•2025

    Does the gender of political leaders shape a country's foreign policy? Some suggest that women leaders are more likely to express similar foreign policy preferences with other women leaders, while others suggest that gender has negligible or no influence on leaders' foreign policy preferences. We argue that women leaders, specifically state legislators and chief executives, show distinctive foreign policy positions. Our analysis of voting records…

  • From collaboration to convergence

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2024•References: 43

    This study examines the impact of cooperation between radical right parties (RRPs) and non‐RRPs on the policy attitudes of non‐RRP supporters. As RRPs have gained prominence in recent years, particularly for their nativist and anti‐immigration positions, this research investigates whether non‐RRP partisans adopt similar views when their preferred parties collaborate with RRPs. Drawing on original survey data from Denmark, Germany and the United K…

  • What drives perceptions of partisan cooperation

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Randolph T Stevenson et al.•ARTICLE•Political Science Research and…•2024•Cited by: 4•References: 22

    What drives voters' perceptions of partisan cooperation? In this note, we investigate whether voters have accurate beliefs about which parties regularly cooperate with one another, and whether these beliefs follow the real-time portrait of cooperation and conflict between parties that is reported in the news. We combine original survey data of voters' perceptions of party cooperation in four countries over two time periods with a measure of parti…

  • The limits of shame

    Open Access•Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey C King et al.•ARTICLE•Conflict Management and Peace…•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 23

    Within the human rights literature, a growing number of studies have focused on the factors that explain engagement in protests. Most prior studies of this type give little or no consideration to the effect of these factors on gender. Recently, though, some scholars have begun focusing on the gender dimension, exploring why women engage in protests specifically. In this study, we examine a previously unexplored factor, that of naming and shaming …

  • A BIT of help? The divergent effect of bilateral investment treaties on women’s rights

    Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey C King et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Human Rights•2022•References: 27

    What effect do bilateral investment treaties (BITs) have on women’s rights? We argue that BITs have divergent effects on women’s rights dependent on the type of women’s rights examined. We posit that BITs have a negative effect on women’s economic rights in host states because of an initial “locking in” effect, whereby states seek to become more attractive to potential bilateral partners by decreasing the quality of conditions prior to signing a …

  • Knowing your sources

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 24

  • Survey Experiments with Google Consumer Surveys

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Robert M Stein et al.•ARTICLE•Political Analysis•2016•Cited by: 6•References: 26

    In this article, we evaluate the usefulness of Google Consumer Surveys (GCS) as a low-cost tool for doing rigorous social scientific work. We find that its relative strengths and weaknesses make it most useful to researchers who attempt to identify causality through randomization to treatment groups rather than selection on observables. This finding stems, in part, from the fact that the real cost advantage of GCS over other alternatives is limit…

  • Survey Experiments with Google Consumer Surveys

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Robert M Stein et al.•ARTICLE•Political Analysis•2016•Cited by: 6•References: 26

    In this article, we evaluate the usefulness of Google Consumer Surveys (GCS) as a low-cost tool for doing rigorous social scientific work. We find that its relative strengths and weaknesses make it most useful to researchers who attempt to identify causality through randomization to treatment groups rather than selection on observables. This finding stems, in part, from the fact that the real cost advantage of GCS over other alternatives is limit…

  • What drives perceptions of partisan cooperation

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Randolph T Stevenson et al.•ARTICLE•Political Science Research and…•2024•Cited by: 4•References: 22

    What drives voters' perceptions of partisan cooperation? In this note, we investigate whether voters have accurate beliefs about which parties regularly cooperate with one another, and whether these beliefs follow the real-time portrait of cooperation and conflict between parties that is reported in the news. We combine original survey data of voters' perceptions of party cooperation in four countries over two time periods with a measure of parti…

  • Who cooperates with whom? The role of day-to-day partisan cooperation in affective polarization

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Party Politics•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 60

    Recent research has shown that partisan cooperation in the form of coalitional government in parliamentary democracies can mitigate partisans’ negative feelings toward opposing parties. However, little is known regarding the influence of informal cooperation beyond coalition arrangements on citizens’ affection towards the out-parties. To address this, I combine survey data from 11 Western democracies with a measure of parties’ public relationship…

  • The limits of shame

    Open Access•Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey C King et al.•ARTICLE•Conflict Management and Peace…•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 23

    Within the human rights literature, a growing number of studies have focused on the factors that explain engagement in protests. Most prior studies of this type give little or no consideration to the effect of these factors on gender. Recently, though, some scholars have begun focusing on the gender dimension, exploring why women engage in protests specifically. In this study, we examine a previously unexplored factor, that of naming and shaming …

  • Knowing your sources

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 24

  • Survey Experiments with Google Consumer Surveys

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Robert M Stein et al.•ARTICLE•Political Analysis•2016•Cited by: 6•References: 26

    In this article, we evaluate the usefulness of Google Consumer Surveys (GCS) as a low-cost tool for doing rigorous social scientific work. We find that its relative strengths and weaknesses make it most useful to researchers who attempt to identify causality through randomization to treatment groups rather than selection on observables. This finding stems, in part, from the fact that the real cost advantage of GCS over other alternatives is limit…

  • Knowing your sources

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 24

  • A BIT of help? The divergent effect of bilateral investment treaties on women’s rights

    Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey C King et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Human Rights•2022•References: 27

    What effect do bilateral investment treaties (BITs) have on women’s rights? We argue that BITs have divergent effects on women’s rights dependent on the type of women’s rights examined. We posit that BITs have a negative effect on women’s economic rights in host states because of an initial “locking in” effect, whereby states seek to become more attractive to potential bilateral partners by decreasing the quality of conditions prior to signing a …

  • The limits of shame

    Open Access•Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey C King et al.•ARTICLE•Conflict Management and Peace…•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 23

    Within the human rights literature, a growing number of studies have focused on the factors that explain engagement in protests. Most prior studies of this type give little or no consideration to the effect of these factors on gender. Recently, though, some scholars have begun focusing on the gender dimension, exploring why women engage in protests specifically. In this study, we examine a previously unexplored factor, that of naming and shaming …

  • From collaboration to convergence

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2024•References: 43

    This study examines the impact of cooperation between radical right parties (RRPs) and non‐RRPs on the policy attitudes of non‐RRP supporters. As RRPs have gained prominence in recent years, particularly for their nativist and anti‐immigration positions, this research investigates whether non‐RRP partisans adopt similar views when their preferred parties collaborate with RRPs. Drawing on original survey data from Denmark, Germany and the United K…

  • What drives perceptions of partisan cooperation

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso, Randolph T Stevenson et al.•ARTICLE•Political Science Research and…•2024•Cited by: 4•References: 22

    What drives voters' perceptions of partisan cooperation? In this note, we investigate whether voters have accurate beliefs about which parties regularly cooperate with one another, and whether these beliefs follow the real-time portrait of cooperation and conflict between parties that is reported in the news. We combine original survey data of voters' perceptions of party cooperation in four countries over two time periods with a measure of parti…

  • Who cooperates with whom? The role of day-to-day partisan cooperation in affective polarization

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Party Politics•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 60

    Recent research has shown that partisan cooperation in the form of coalitional government in parliamentary democracies can mitigate partisans’ negative feelings toward opposing parties. However, little is known regarding the influence of informal cooperation beyond coalition arrangements on citizens’ affection towards the out-parties. To address this, I combine survey data from 11 Western democracies with a measure of parties’ public relationship…

  • Ties that bind? Women leaders' voting congruence in the United Nations General Assembly

    Open Access•Bimal Adhikari, Jeffrey King et al.•ARTICLE•International Relations•2025

    Does the gender of political leaders shape a country's foreign policy? Some suggest that women leaders are more likely to express similar foreign policy preferences with other women leaders, while others suggest that gender has negligible or no influence on leaders' foreign policy preferences. We argue that women leaders, specifically state legislators and chief executives, show distinctive foreign policy positions. Our analysis of voting records…

  • Elite Interactions and Social Bonds

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2026

  • When Does Party Cooperation Inform Voters Judgments of Policy Proximity? A Cross-National Analysis of Heuristic Use in Multi-Party Democracies

    Open Access•Lie Philip Santoso•ARTICLE•Comparative Political Studies•2026

    In complex multiparty democracies, citizens face the challenge of interpreting elite behavior to locate parties on the policy spectrum. This paper investigates when and why voters use party cooperation as a heuristic for judging the distance between their own preferences and those of an out-party. Drawing on the theory of ecological rationality, I argue that cooperation becomes an efficient heuristic when it is cheap to access, simple to apply, a…

  • Out-group homogeneity as evidence of left-right identification in multi-party democracies

    Open Access•Nick C N Lin, Nick Lin et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2026•References: 22

    Are citizens in western democracies developing affective attachments to the Left and Right as social-political groups? If so, one can hardly imagine a more consequential development for understanding the electoral behavior of Western publics. However, previous evidence suggesting such attachments are important (and growing) comes from a small number of single-case studies. In this paper, we expand the evidentiary basis for this idea by implementi…

Political science (7 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Politics (6 works) · Law (5 works) · Social Media and Politics (5 works) · Economics (4 works) · Perception (4 works) · Psychology (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works)

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