Leon Clarke
Biographic Data
| ID | 156341 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Leon Clarke |
| GIVEN NAMES | Leon |
| FAMILY NAME | Clarke |
| SIGNATURE | CLARKE L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Westminster |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4491-5272 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 84 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Different dimensions, different vulnerabilities: Intersectional energy poverty in India
Energy poverty is multidimensional, yet empirical studies of social disadvantage commonly treat it as a single outcome or examine socioeconomic factors independently. We investigate whether overlapping disadvantages shape different dimensions of energy poverty in different ways. Using nationally representative household data from India, we examine intersections of caste, rural location, education and income poverty across reliable access, afforda…
Climate literacy and labour agency in vocational education and training
How far can climate literacy be embedded into the construction vocational education and training (VET) systems? This is investigated in North America (US and Canada) and six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and the UK). Climate literacy entails understanding the impact of climate change on society, the sector and its different occupations. Achieving zero carbon building (ZCB) is shown to involve respecting constructi…
Energy and socioeconomic system transformation through a decade of IPCC-assessed scenarios
From mobility to migration: The impact of socio-cultural and professional factors on international post-doctoral capabilities
International Student Mobility is increasing faster than overall international migration, resulting in many students deciding to pursue careers outside their home country. Their aspirations and life goals nevertheless change and intentions during their studies do not necessarily match their actions after graduation. Recognising their vital role in creating a knowledge-based economy, the potential risk of losing qualified individuals has become of…
Coal transitions—part 2: Phase-out dynamics in global long-term mitigation scenarios
A rapid phase-out of unabated coal use is essential to limit global warming to below 2 °C. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of coal transitions in mitigation scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement, using data from more than 1500 publicly available scenarios generated by more than 30 integrated assessment models. Our ensemble analysis uses clustering techniques to categorize coal transition pathways in models and bridges evid…
Looking for a ‘just transition: Sustainable forestry in Sweden and biodiverse beet sugar production in Denmark
This article aims to identify contradictions between visions of just transition and their realisation in practice, particularly the extent to which labour and nature are respected, with examples of forestry in Sweden and the beet sugar industry in Denmark. The case studies provide insight into the formation and local implementations of the just transition vision promoted by the ITUC and ILO, representing a call for the ecological modernisation of…
Bridging the global stocktake gap of climate mitigation: A framework to measure political economy progress
The impact of political factors on international student mobility
International student mobility contributes to a knowledge‐based economy and forms an important component of a highly educated migration. This paper aims to identify how far political factors—including political discrimination, restrictions, freedom, UK migration policies and social cultural norms and policies—enhance or inhibit individuals' capabilities to become mobile. It offers a novel conceptualisation of mobility, drawing on structuration th…
To achieve deep cuts in US emissions, state-driven policy is only slightly more expensive than nationally uniform policy
The surprisingly inexpensive cost of state-driven emission control strategies
‘People miss people’: A study of school leadership and management in the four nations of the United Kingdom in the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted school leaders across the four devolved nations of the United Kingdom (UK) with a period of exceptional crisis. This responsive, small-scale, but UK-wide study focuses on headteacher perspectives on leadership and management in the initial stages of this pandemic, contributing to our understanding of this crucial period. The headteacher respondents met the multiple predicaments and situational ambiguities of t…
Comparative VET European research since the 1980s: Accommodating changes in VET systems and labour markets
The article assesses the role comparative research plays from the 1980s in understanding vocational education and training (VET) systems in Europe, driven by political, economic, social and labour market changes. This research has been transformed, moving from national comparisons of VET systems, grounded in institutional theory and engaging with convergence versus divergence debates or human capital theory, to the varieties of capitalism approac…
Assessing the value of SCOTENS as a cross-border professional learning network in Ireland using the Wenger–Trayner value-creation framework
SCoTENS (the Standing Conference on Teacher Education North and South) is a unique network of teacher educators from north and south of the Irish border. Funded by government departments and membership institutions across the island, it is facing a range of potential uncertainties. This study is an attempt to map the values and impacts of a complex boundary object. A framework designed by Wenger–Trayner was adapted to create a bespoke research to…
The professional place of teachers on the island of Ireland: Truth flourishes where the student’s lamp has shone
It is timely to pause as we reach the centenary of the creation of the contested border which divides Ireland and the advent of Brexit to examine teacher education across the island, revealing intersecting contrasts and similarities which reflect both common origins and increasing divergences. The relatively high esteem of both scholarship and of the teaching profession embraces important common strengths – the student’s lamp shines brightly acro…
Coal transitions—part 1: A systematic map and review of case study learnings from regional, national, and local coal phase-out experiences
A rapid coal phase-out is needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, but is hindered by serious challenges ranging from vested interests to the risks of social disruption. To understand how to organize a global coal phase-out, it is crucial to go beyond cost-effective climate mitigation scenarios and learn from the experience of previous coal transitions. Despite the relevance of the topic, evidence remains fragmented throughout different r…
Overcoming diverse approaches to vocational education and training to combat climate change: The case of low energy construction in Europe
Vocational education and training (VET) can play a transformative role in reducing CO2 emissions and improving the energy efficiency of buildings across Europe. Nearly zero energy building (NZEB) requires an energy literate workforce, with broader and deeper theoretical knowledge, higher technical and precision skills, interdisciplinary understanding, and a wide range of transversal competences. Through an investigation into VET for low energy co…
The changing nature of labour regulation: The distinctiveness of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry
The article addresses the changing nature of labour regulation through analysis of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry, originating in 1981. It shows how multiple spatial regulatory scales, the changing coalitions of actors involved, employer and client engagement and labour agency have been critical to National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry's survival
Integrated energy-water-land nexus planning to guide national policy: An example from Uruguay
Despite broad consensus on the benefits of a nexus approach to multi-sector planning, actual implementation in government and other decision-making institutions is still rare. This study presents an approach to conducting integrated energy-water-land (EWL) planning, using Uruguay as an example. This stakeholder-driven study focuses on assessing the EWL nexus implications of actual planned policies aimed at strengthening three of Uruguay’s key exp…
Transforming vocational education and training for nearly zero-energy building
Nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) requires the training of millions of construction workers and significant upgrading of vocational education and training (VET) systems across the European Union. This paper shows how an approach to VET based only on learning outcomes and targeting specific skills is too narrow and lacking in depth to allow for the systematic application of theoretical low-energy construction (LEC) knowledge to practice and devel…
Unions and the green transition in construction in Europe: Contrasting visions
The construction industry, responsible for 40 percent of European Union (EU) end-use emissions, is targeted as a major area of transformation particularly through the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requiring nearly zero energy building (NZEB). Radical appraisals of the industry and its exploitative and high-carbon practices are rare, though engaging with the employment and vocational education and training (VET) implications. The artic…
A new scenario logic for the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal
GCAM v5.1: Representing the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems
This paper describes GCAM v5.1, an open source model that represents the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems. GCAM is a market equilibrium model, is global in scope, and operates from 1990 to 2100 in 5-year time steps. It can be used to examine, for example, how changes in population, income, or technology cost might alter crop production, energy demand, or water withdrawals, or how changes in one region's demand f…
Humans drive future water scarcity changes across all Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Future changes in climate and socioeconomic systems will drive both the availability and use of water resources, leading to evolutions in scarcity. The contributions of both systems can be quantified individually to understand the impacts around the world, but also combined to explore how the coevolution of energy-water-land systems affects not only the driver behind water scarcity changes, but how human and climate systems interact in tandem to …
Regional responses to future, demand-driven water scarcity
This paper explores regional response strategies to potential water scarcity. Using a model of integrated human-earth system dynamics (GCAM), we test a wide range of alternate water demand scenarios to explore regional response strategies. We create a typology that categorizes countries and basins according to their responses in electricity and agriculture to potential water scarcity. Three different categories are found. First, little response i…
Mapping teacher status and career-long professional learning: The Place Model
This paper engages with key contemporary debates about teaching and teacher education through proposing an innovative, interdisciplinary model, the Place Model, which uses two senses of ‘place’ to provide comparative lenses for a timely, a-priori examination of the place of the teacher: place in the humanistic geography tradition as a process – a cumulative, career-long professional learning journey – and, also, place in the sociological sense of…
The SSP4: A world of deepening inequality
Weaning at Anglo‐Saxon raunds: Implications for changing breastfeeding practice in britain over two millennia
This study investigated stable‐isotope ratio evidence of weaning for the late Anglo‐Saxon population of Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire, UK. δ 15 N and δ 13 C values in rib collagen were obtained for individuals of different ages to assess the weaning age of infants within the population. A peak in δ 15 N values at about 2‐year‐old, followed by a decline in δ 15 N values until age three, indicates a change in diet at that age. This change in ni…
Trade-based skills versus occupational capacity: The example of bricklaying in Europe
This article shows why qualifications built on occupational capacity rather than on trade-based skills have more potential to accommodate the aims of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and changes in the labour process, going together with the development of occupational labour markets. The article challenges the distinct Anglo-Saxon notion of ‘skill’ attached to a trade-based system of vocational education and training (VET), where qual…
Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge
(2004). Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 509-521
Unions and the green transition in construction in Europe: Contrasting visions
The construction industry, responsible for 40 percent of European Union (EU) end-use emissions, is targeted as a major area of transformation particularly through the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requiring nearly zero energy building (NZEB). Radical appraisals of the industry and its exploitative and high-carbon practices are rare, though engaging with the employment and vocational education and training (VET) implications. The artic…
Re-conceptualizing partnerships across the teacher education continuum
Education for democratic citizenship in Malawian secondary schools: Balancing student voice and adult privilege
In countries that embraced democracy after the fall of communism, education became a particular focus for policy change, particularly within their citizenship programmes. Schools that had been used to inculcate obedience to and unfailing support for authoritarian regimes were now being required to adopt citizenship programmes incorporating democratic values. This paper reports a study in Malawi that explored the school as a location where democra…
The Political Economy of Training: Should Britain Try to Emulate Germany
Training provision in Germany is widely assumed to be superior to that in this country, and is frequently held up as the model for an improved system of training for Britain. There is nothing new in this: a hundred years \nago, Alfred Marshall was arguing on very similar lines. But the comprehensiveness of the modern German training system, coupled with the success of the German economy since the 1950s, adds force to the argument. More German wor…
Looking for a ‘just transition: Sustainable forestry in Sweden and biodiverse beet sugar production in Denmark
This article aims to identify contradictions between visions of just transition and their realisation in practice, particularly the extent to which labour and nature are respected, with examples of forestry in Sweden and the beet sugar industry in Denmark. The case studies provide insight into the formation and local implementations of the just transition vision promoted by the ITUC and ILO, representing a call for the ecological modernisation of…
Integrated estimates of global terrestrial carbon sequestration
The impact of political factors on international student mobility
International student mobility contributes to a knowledge‐based economy and forms an important component of a highly educated migration. This paper aims to identify how far political factors—including political discrimination, restrictions, freedom, UK migration policies and social cultural norms and policies—enhance or inhibit individuals' capabilities to become mobile. It offers a novel conceptualisation of mobility, drawing on structuration th…
Battles on the Barbican: The Struggle for Trade Unionism in the British Building Industry, 1965-7
The 1960s was a period of rapid change in the construction labour process, whose increased mechanization and complexity represented a challenge to traditional wage systems and forms of organization. Such changes were nowhere more evident than on the Barbican redevelopment site in London, whose construction exposed the contradictions in industrial relations and clarified demands for improved conditions for building workers which resonated througho…
From craft to qualified building labour in britain: A comparative approach
The paper sets out to pinpoint and explain the position of building labour in Britain today through a historical and comparative approach. Wage relations and the division of labour in the building industry are traced through different stages of development, from the crafts and statutory trades of feudalism to the collectively bargained skills and the social-partner-negotiated qualifications of capitalism. It is shown how, since the 1970s, the pro…
Somers Town History Workshop
Linda Clarke, Tom Costello, John Mason, Malcolm Thomas; SOMERS TOWN HISTORY WORKSHOP, History Workshop Journal, Volume 4, Issue 1, 1 October 1977, Pages 24
The Political Economy of Training: Should Britain Try to Emulate Germany
Training provision in Germany is widely assumed to be superior to that in this country, and is frequently held up as the model for an improved system of training for Britain. There is nothing new in this: a hundred years \nago, Alfred Marshall was arguing on very similar lines. But the comprehensiveness of the modern German training system, coupled with the success of the German economy since the 1950s, adds force to the argument. More German wor…
Balancing acts in construction: A study of two women painters in Denmark and Britain
The construction industry is the most male-dominated labour market in every country in Europe. In Britain and Denmark, women constitute only 1% of those employed in this industry. In spite of the barriers to women entering and remaining in skilled construction work, inroads have been made. Amongst housepainters in Denmark, for instance, women constitute 27% of the workforce and 40% of trainees, and in a number of local authorities' Direct Labour …
Mann v Secretary of State for Employment
Mutuality of Obligations and the Contract of Employment: Carmichael and Another v National Power plc
Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge
(2004). Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 509-521
From craft to qualified building labour in britain: A comparative approach
The paper sets out to pinpoint and explain the position of building labour in Britain today through a historical and comparative approach. Wage relations and the division of labour in the building industry are traced through different stages of development, from the crafts and statutory trades of feudalism to the collectively bargained skills and the social-partner-negotiated qualifications of capitalism. It is shown how, since the 1970s, the pro…
Integrated estimates of global terrestrial carbon sequestration
International climate policy architectures: Overview of the EMF 22 International Scenarios
Implications of Limiting CO 2 Concentrations for Land Use and Energy
The Power of Green Carbon dioxide is produced both by fossil fuel burning and by deforestation and other land-use changes. Limiting both sources of CO 2 is necessary if we are to curb global warming. Wise et al. (p. 1183 ) use an integrated assessment model to explore the consequences of limiting atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at levels between 450 and 550 parts per million through a combination of fossil-fuel emissions reductions and land-use m…
Re-conceptualizing partnerships across the teacher education continuum
Sensitivity of climate mitigation strategies to natural disturbances
The present and future concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide depends on both anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks of carbon. Most proposed climate mitigation strategies rely on a progressive transition to carbon-efficient technologies to reduce industrial emissions, substantially supported by policies to maintain or enhance the terrestrial carbon stock in forests and other ecosystems. This strategy may be challenged if terrestrial se…
Weaning at Anglo‐Saxon raunds: Implications for changing breastfeeding practice in britain over two millennia
This study investigated stable‐isotope ratio evidence of weaning for the late Anglo‐Saxon population of Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire, UK. δ 15 N and δ 13 C values in rib collagen were obtained for individuals of different ages to assess the weaning age of infants within the population. A peak in δ 15 N values at about 2‐year‐old, followed by a decline in δ 15 N values until age three, indicates a change in diet at that age. This change in ni…
Trade-based skills versus occupational capacity: The example of bricklaying in Europe
This article shows why qualifications built on occupational capacity rather than on trade-based skills have more potential to accommodate the aims of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and changes in the labour process, going together with the development of occupational labour markets. The article challenges the distinct Anglo-Saxon notion of ‘skill’ attached to a trade-based system of vocational education and training (VET), where qual…
Battles on the Barbican: The Struggle for Trade Unionism in the British Building Industry, 1965-7
The 1960s was a period of rapid change in the construction labour process, whose increased mechanization and complexity represented a challenge to traditional wage systems and forms of organization. Such changes were nowhere more evident than on the Barbican redevelopment site in London, whose construction exposed the contradictions in industrial relations and clarified demands for improved conditions for building workers which resonated througho…
The role of technology for achieving climate policy objectives: Overview of the EMF 27 study on global technology and climate policy strategies
Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female
Ancient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues. However, the limited preservation of coexisting hard and soft human tissues hampers the possibilities of investigating high-resolution diachronic mobility periods in the life of a single individual. Here, we pre…
Can Paris pledges avert severe climate change?
Reducing risks of severe outcomes and improving chances of limiting warming to 2°C
The contribution of Paris to limit global warming to 2 °C
The international community has set a goal to limit global warming to 2 °C. Limiting global warming to 2 °C is a challenging goal and will entail a dramatic transformation of the global energy system, largely complete by 2040. As part of the work toward this goal, countries have been submitting their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, indicating their emissions reduct…
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in freshwater, brackish and marine fish bone collagen from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in central and northern Europe
The aim of this research is to examine the isotopic characterisation of archaeological fish species as it relates to freshwater, brackish and marine environments, trophic level and migration patterns, and to determine intraspecies variation within and between fish populations in different locations within central and northern Europe. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was undertaken on collagen extracted from 72 fish bone samples from ei…
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in freshwater, brackish and marine fish bone collagen from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in central and northern Europe
The aim of this research is to examine the isotopic characterisation of archaeological fish species as it relates to freshwater, brackish and marine environments, trophic level and migration patterns, and to determine intraspecies variation within and between fish populations in different locations within central and northern Europe. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was undertaken on collagen extracted from 72 fish bone samples from ei…
Regional Low-Emission Pathways from Global Models
Carbon budgets and energy transition pathways
Scenarios from integrated assessment models can provide insights into how carbon budgets relate to other policy-relevant indicators by including information on how fast and by how much emissions can be reduced. Such indicators include the peak year of global emissions, the decarbonisation rate and the deployment of low-carbon technology. Here, we show typical values for these indicators for different carbon budgets, using the recently compiled IP…
The SSP4: A world of deepening inequality
Education for democratic citizenship in Malawian secondary schools: Balancing student voice and adult privilege
In countries that embraced democracy after the fall of communism, education became a particular focus for policy change, particularly within their citizenship programmes. Schools that had been used to inculcate obedience to and unfailing support for authoritarian regimes were now being required to adopt citizenship programmes incorporating democratic values. This paper reports a study in Malawi that explored the school as a location where democra…
Economics (28 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Political science (20 works) · Natural resource economics (18 works) · Environmental Science (17 works) · Climate change (15 works) · Climate Change Policy and Economics (15 works) · Engineering (14 works) · Geography (11 works) · Business (10 works)