Gerhard Gmel
Biographic Data
| ID | 1565087 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gerhard Gmel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gerhard |
| FAMILY NAME | Gmel |
| SIGNATURE | GMEL G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Addiction Switzerland |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9403-9405 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 66 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 66 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Co-occurrence of symptoms of substance and behavioral addictions over time
Behavioral addictions and their reciprocal associations with each other, substance use disorders, and mental health problems
Survey Questions on Quantity and Frequency Are Differentially Effective by Age in Predicting Future Alcohol Consumption
Associations of binge gaming (5 or more consecutive hours played) with gaming disorder and mental health in young men
Consciousness alterations in a cohort of young Swiss men
This study supports the potential for psychedelics to induce CAs perceived as beneficial to life among people using street drugs, possibly reflecting the mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of psychedelics
Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking
Longitudinal Associations between Sensation Seeking and Its Components and Alcohol Use in Young SWISS Men—Are There Bidirectional Associations
The association between alcohol use and sensation seeking is well known. Less is known about whether longitudinal changes in alcohol use are associated with changes in sensation seeking and in which direction influence might flow. 5125 men aged 20.0 years old at baseline and 25.4 years old at follow-up responded to the Brief Sensation Seeking Questionnaire, which measures four subscales of experience seeking, boredom susceptibility, thrill- and a…
Comparing strengths and weaknesses of contemporary quantitative methods to collect data on alcohol consumption
Sexual Minority Orientation Is Associated With Greater Psychological Impact Due to the Covid-19 Crisis—Evidence From a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Young Swiss Men
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its countermeasures may have had a significant impact on the psychological well-being of specific population subgroups. The present study investigated whether sexual minority men (defined here as attracted partly or exclusively to men) from an ongoing cohort study of young Swiss men experienced different psychological impacts, levels of substance use and addictive behaviors, and to which degree pre-existing v…
Changes in substance use and other reinforcing behaviours during the Covid-19 crisis in a general population cohort study of young Swiss men
Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions
Development of alcohol use disorder in young Swiss men
This four-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the associations between retrospectively perceived parenting profiles in adolescence and the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) throughout emerging adulthood. The cohort consisted of 190 young Swiss men who completed retrospective reports of parenting at baseline and a short AUD self-report screening tool at four measurement times (mean age at baseline = 20.18; Time 1: 21.52; Time 2: 25.61…
Online Gambling's Associations With Gambling Disorder and Related Problems in a Representative Sample of Young Swiss Men
Background and Aims: Internet gambling has recently grown in popularity, but relatively little is known about how online and the combination of online and offline (mixed) gambling are associated with gambling disorder (GD) and related problems. The present research examined in a cohort study sample of young Swiss men how their gambling activities and gambling-related problems differed across the spectrum from offline to online gambling. Sample: A…
Routes of Administration of Illicit Drugs among Young Swiss Men
The prevalence of different routes of administration (ROAs) of illicit drugs other than cannabis was examined in young Swiss men, in addition to the association between socio-demographics and adverse outcomes and particular ROAs. Our sample consisted of 754 men (mean age = 25.4 ± 1.2 years) who participated in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors and reported using any of 18 illicit drugs over the last 12 months. Prevalence estimates we…
Do gender differences in the relationship between living with children and alcohol consumption vary by societal gender inequality
Are Changes in Personality Traits and Alcohol Use Associated? A Cohort Study Among Young Swiss Men
Objective: It is well known that certain personality traits are associated with alcohol use. Because less is known about it, we wished to investigate whether changes in alcohol use were longitudinally associated with changes in personality and in which direction the influence or causation might flow. Methods: Data came from the self-reported questionnaire answers of 5,125 young men at two time points during the Cohort study on Substance Use Risk …
The Association between Type and Intensity of Sport and Tobacco or Nicotine Use—A Cross-Sectional Study among Young Swiss Men
The objective of this study was to assess the association between tobacco/nicotine use and type and intensity of sport. Data were drawn from the second follow-up of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Young Swiss men completed a questionnaire about tobacco/nicotine use (cigarette, vaping, snus, snuff), type and intensity of sport and other demographic and medical variables. Among the 5414 included participants (mean age 25.5), 3434 (6…
The global proportion and volume of unrecorded alcohol in 2015
BACKGROUND: (APC) consumption among adults which comprises recorded consumption and unrecorded consumption. While recorded consumption can be assessed with small measurement bias via taxation or other governmental records, unrecorded consumption is more difficult to assess. The objectives of this study were to estimate the country-specific proportion and volume of unrecorded APC in 2015, to identify main sources of unrecorded alcohol and to asses…
Longitudinal Associations between Life Satisfaction and Cannabis Use Initiation, Cessation, and Disorder Symptom Severity in a Cohort of Young Swiss Men
Motivations for cannabis use may include coping with negative well-being. Life satisfaction, a hallmark of subjective well-being, could play a role in cannabis use among young adults. This study aims to assess whether life satisfaction (SWLS) at age 21 is associated with cannabis initiation and cessation between the ages of 21 and 25, and with cannabis use severity (CUDIT) at age 25. Data were drawn from a cohort of young Swiss males. Association…
Interpretation of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder criteria in self-report surveys may change with age. A longitudinal analysis of young Swiss men
Background: General population surveys using self-reported measures show alcohol use disorder (AUD) to be most prevalent in young adulthood, but this may be due to misinterpretations of AUD criteria among inexperienced drinkers. The present study investigated changes in prevalence of criteria during emerging adulthood.Methods: 4924 young Swiss men were followed across three waves (age at wave 1 (w1): 20; w2: 21; w3: 25 years). We measured AUD acc…
Children’s experience of physical harms and exposure to family violence from others’ drinking in nine societies
One in 25 caregivers with children report physical or family violence harms to children because of others' drinking. The adjusted odds of harm are significantly greater (more than four-fold) in households with a heavy or harmful drinker, with men most likely to be defined as this drinker in the household
Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments
Comparing Mental Health across Distinct Groups of Users of Psychedelics, MDMA, Psychostimulants, and Cannabis
Differences in mental health (MH) of users of distinct psychoactive substances have been shown. Both substance use (SU) and MH in users are influenced by stressful life events. This study compared MH parameters in distinct groups of substance users and evaluated the impact of stress factors on these outcomes. Data stem from the longitudinal Swiss Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) involving 4,475 young adult men. Distinct groups …
Bidirectional Associations Between Self-Reported Gaming Disorder and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Background: Gaming disorder (GD) has been shown to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet few studies to date have investigated their longitudinal associations. Method: The sample included 5,067 young Swiss men (mean age was 20 years at wave 1 and 25 years at wave 3). Measures were the Game Addiction Scale and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (6-item screener). Longitudinal associations were tested using autoregressive…
Comorbidity of Symptoms of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders among a Population-Based Sample of Simultaneous Users. Insight from a Network Perspective
Research into comorbidity of alcohol and cannabis use disorders has resulted in inconsistent findings, especially among simultaneous users, who used alcohol and cannabis together on a single occasion. This study investigated the association of alcohol and cannabis use disorders among simultaneous users using a network perspective, which considers direct relationships between symptoms. We used a subset of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis users dr…
Alcohol outlet density, perceived availability and adolescent alcohol use
OBJECTIVES: Perceived availability is commonly associated with adolescent alcohol use. Little is known about the factors which shape this perceived availability. The present study investigates (1) whether perceived alcohol availability is related to the characteristics of the adolescents' social environment and the per capita outlet density in the community and (2) whether adolescent alcohol use is related to perceived availability, social enviro…
Measuring Alcohol Consumption
This article is an overview of different approaches to measuring alcohol consumption: self-reports and objective measures such as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and aggregate level measures. These approaches are evaluated as regards their ability to capture quantity, frequency, volume and variability of drinking. This review focuses on self-report measures and on the current knowledge of undercoverage error when compared with sales data. In th…
Validation of French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire among young Swiss males, and its relationship with substance use
This study main purpose was the validation of both French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire. The sample group comprised 5065 Swiss men from the "Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors." Multigroup Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model fits the data well, which substantiates the generalizability of Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire factor structure, regardle…
Social roles and alcohol consumption
Validation of a brief form of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion questionnaire
The aim of this study was the validation of a brief form of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion questionnaire using data from 5065 men from the "Cohort Study on Substance-Use Risk Factors." A 9-item scale covering three factors was proposed. Excellent indices of internal consistency were measured (α = .93). The confirmatory factor analyses resulted in acceptable fit indices supporting measurement invariance across French and German forms. …
Alcohol and All-Cause Mortality
Reviewing 59 studies of the risk curve for alcohol consumption level and all-cause mortality, a general J-shaped curve is confirmed, particularly in cohorts with experience starting at middle age (rather than in youth or old age). The divergence in most studies that are exceptions to this rule can be plausibly explained. A pooled analysis of studies with cohorts age 45 and above at entry shows the most beneficial effect for women in a drinking ca…
Adjusting for Changes in Mode of Administration in Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys
Objective: The present study compares changes in mean consumption and hazardous drinking between 1992/3 and 1997 in Switzerland, first without adjusting for changes in mode of questionnaire administration, and then by adjusting for mode of administration by use of a methodological split-sample study. Changes were compared for the total population and for subgroups of sex and linguistic regions. Method: The samples of the first and second Swiss He…
Adjusting for Changes in Mode of Administration in Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys
Objective: The present study compares changes in mean consumption and hazardous drinking between 1992/3 and 1997 in Switzerland, first without adjusting for changes in mode of questionnaire administration, and then by adjusting for mode of administration by use of a methodological split-sample study. Changes were compared for the total population and for subgroups of sex and linguistic regions. Method: The samples of the first and second Swiss He…
Alcohol and All-Cause Mortality
Reviewing 59 studies of the risk curve for alcohol consumption level and all-cause mortality, a general J-shaped curve is confirmed, particularly in cohorts with experience starting at middle age (rather than in youth or old age). The divergence in most studies that are exceptions to this rule can be plausibly explained. A pooled analysis of studies with cohorts age 45 and above at entry shows the most beneficial effect for women in a drinking ca…
The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease
Aims As part of a larger study to estimate the global burden of disease attributable to alcohol: to quantify the relationships between average volume of alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking and disease and injury outcomes, and to combine exposure and risk estimates to determine regional and global alcohol‐attributable fractions (AAFs) for major disease and injury categories. Design, methods, setting Systematic literature reviews were used to…
Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe
Measuring Alcohol Consumption
This article is an overview of different approaches to measuring alcohol consumption: self-reports and objective measures such as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and aggregate level measures. These approaches are evaluated as regards their ability to capture quantity, frequency, volume and variability of drinking. This review focuses on self-report measures and on the current knowledge of undercoverage error when compared with sales data. In th…
Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives
Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people
Social Inequalities in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems in the Study Countries of the Eu Concerted Action ‘Gender, Culture and Alcohol Problems
AIMS: We investigated the presence of social inequalities of alcohol use and misuse using educational attainment as an indicator of socio-economic status in 15 countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Israel, Brazil, and Mexico. METHODS: Study surveys were independently conducted and the data centrally analysed. Most samples were national. Survey modes and sample sizes varied. The age…
A Time-Series Analysis of War and Levels of Interpersonal Violence in an English Military Town, 1700–1781
More than 7,000 assaults were reported to the magistrates of Portsmouth, England, between 1700 and 1781. Time-series analyses were run to see (1) what effects, if any, war had on levels of aggression and (2) whether overall levels of aggression decreased over time. Aggression was measured in two ways: (1) the extent to which assailants ganged up on adversaries and (2) levels of violence in individual confrontations (whether a weapon was used, and…
Alcohol outlet density, perceived availability and adolescent alcohol use
OBJECTIVES: Perceived availability is commonly associated with adolescent alcohol use. Little is known about the factors which shape this perceived availability. The present study investigates (1) whether perceived alcohol availability is related to the characteristics of the adolescents' social environment and the per capita outlet density in the community and (2) whether adolescent alcohol use is related to perceived availability, social enviro…
Gender and alcohol consumption
Aims To evaluate multinational patterns of gender‐ and age‐specific alcohol consumption. Design and participants Large general‐population surveys of men's and women's drinking behavior ( n 's > 900) in 35 countries in 1997–2007 used a standardized questionnaire (25 countries) or measures comparable to those in the standardized questionnaire. Measurements Data from men and women in three age groups (18–34, 35–49, 50–65) showed the prevalence of dr…
Dimensionality of drinking consequences – cross-cultural comparability and stability over time
Despite the long tradition for asking about the negative social and health consequences of alcohol consumption in surveys, little is known about the dimensionality of these consequences. Analysing cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Nordic Taxation Study collected for Sweden, Finland, and Denmark in two waves in 2003 and 2004 by means of an explorative principal component analysis for categorical data (CATPCA), it is tested whether con…
Alcohol and cannabis use as risk factors for injury – a case-crossover analysis in a Swiss hospital emergency department
The most surprising result of our study was the inverse relationship between cannabis use and injury. Possible explanations and underlying mechanisms, such as use in safer environments or more compensatory behavior among cannabis users, were discussed
Social roles and alcohol consumption
Challenging the “Inoffensiveness” of Regular Cannabis Use by Its Associations with Other Current Risky Substance Use—A Census of 20-Year-Old Swiss Men
3,537 men enrolling in 2007 for mandatory army recruitment procedures were assessed for the co-occurrence of risky licit substance use among risky cannabis users. Risky cannabis use was defined as at least twice weekly; risky alcohol use as 6+ drinks more than once/monthly, or more than 20 drinks per week; and risky tobacco use as daily smoking. Ninety-five percent of all risky cannabis users reported other risky use. They began using cannabis ea…
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010
Disability-adjusted life years (Dalys) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Predictive value of readiness, importance, and confidence in ability to change drinking and smoking
ISRCTN78822107
Factor Structure of Early Smoking Experiences and Associations with Smoking Behavior
The Early Smoking Experience (ESE) questionnaire is the most widely used questionnaire to assess initial subjective experiences of cigarette smoking. However, its factor structure is not clearly defined and can be perceived from two main standpoints: valence, or positive and negative experiences, and sensitivity to nicotine. This article explores the ESE's factor structure and determines which standpoint was more relevant. It compares two groups …
Body mass index and health-related quality of life among young Swiss men
Deviations from normal weight are, even after controlling for important health-risk behaviors and socio-demographic characteristics, associated with compromised physical or mental HRQOL among young men. Hence, preventive programs should aim to preserve or re-establish normal weight. The self-appraised positive mental well-being of obese men noted here, which possibly reflects a response shift, might complicate such efforts
Health-risk behaviors and quality of life among young men
Use of electronic cigarettes among young Swiss men
Electronic cigarettes have been recently gaining popularity, but there is little information on the public health implications of vaping or on the profile of vapers. The status of e-cigarettes in Switzerland was established in 20091 and the sales of e-cigarettes containing nicotine have been prohibited. However, the import of limited quantities of nicotine containing e-cigarettes and refill liquids for personal use is allowed. In this study, we d…
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs
Prevalence of ND use is low in Switzerland relative to other countries such as the United States. Patterns of ND use differed depending on academic status, suggesting that while college student ND users tended to do so rarely (probably to enhance cognitive abilities for exams), non-college male users used other NDs more frequently (probably to "get high")
Predictors of onset of cannabis and other drug use in male young adults
Consideration of the predictor variables identified within this study may help to identify young male adults for whom preventive measures for cannabis or other drug use are most appropriate. The results provide evidence for both the gateway hypothesis and the common liability to addiction model and point to further variables like depressiveness or practising of religion that might influence the onset of drug use
Medicine (57 works) · Psychology (47 works) · Environmental health (41 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (35 works) · Demography (29 works) · Psychiatry (29 works) · Poison control (21 works) · Population (21 works) · Clinical Psychology (20 works) · Social Psychology (20 works)