V Lee Hamilton
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 157357 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | V Lee Hamilton |
| NOMBRES | V Lee |
| APELLIDO | Hamilton |
| FIRMA | HAMILTON V L |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Maryland, College Park |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 248 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2014 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
The Cambridge Dictionary of Linguistics
Spiritual Care at the End of Life in Long-Term Care
BACKGROUND: There is growing attention given to the spiritual needs of dying patients and long-term care (LTC) facilities are common settings in which patients receive care as they approach death. OBJECTIVES: To describe the sources of support, the structure and processes of spiritual care in LTC, and examine the relationship between these components and family ratings of overall care. RESEARCH DESIGN: After-death interviews of family members of …
The Institutionalization of Sanctions for Wrongdoing inside Organizations
Recent years have seen a rapprochement between research on organizations and research on law. One goal of such research is a better understanding of how the structures of complex organizations and the normative and cognitive structures of law interact within different cultures. This article is part of that enterprise. We report results from surveys conducted in Moscow, Tokyo, and Washington in 1993 that asked respondents to judge acts of wrongdoi…
Distributing Responsibility for Wrongdoing inside Corporate Hierarchies
The decision rules individuals use to judge wrongdoing committed inside corporations and other hierarchical organizations are not well understood. We explore this issue by asking random samples of individuals in Moscow, Tokyo, and Washington, D. C., to respond to four short vignettes describing acts of wrongdoing by people in corporations. The vignettes are experiments that manipulate the actor's mental state, the actor's position in the organiza…
Distributing Responsibility for Wrongdoing Inside Corporate Hierarchies
The decision rules individuals use to judge wrongdoing committed inside corporations and other hierarchical organizations are not well understood. We explore this issue by asking random samples of individuals in Moscow, Tokyo, and Washington, D. C., to respond to four short vignettes describing acts of wrongdoing by people in corporations. The vignettes are experiments that manipulate the actor's mental state, the actor's position in the organiza…
Modern Japanese Law
Journal Article Modern Japanese Law: Legal History and Concept of Law, Public Law and Economic Law of Japan. A Review Essay of the 16 Most Important of the More Recent Books Get access Harald Hohmann Harald Hohmann 1Harold Hohmann is Ph.D. (Dr. jur., J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, 1992), two J.D. (Westf.Wilhelms-University Munster/Westphalie, 1983 and 1988), former Research Associate at the J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (1988-93),…
Corporate Crime through Citizens' Eyes
A citizen's judgment of wrongdoing in an organizational setting may depend oncharacteristics of the citizen, of the accused, or both.In 1993, random sample surveys exploring judgment of corporate wrongdoing were carried out in Washington, DC (N= 602), Tokyo, Japan (N= 600), and Moscow, Russia (N= 597). Respondents heard hypothetical vignettes about wrongdoing in organizations and were asked to judge the actor's responsibility and related issues; …
Race, gender, and the response to stress
A three‐wave panel study of auto plant closings focused on the mental health effects of unemployment on blue‐collar workers. This paper explores how the impact of long‐term unemployment varies across race and gender. We also examine whether other demographic factors can themselves modify the impactsof race and gender. Dependent variables include two measures of distress and two drinking measures. Results showed that the effect of long‐term unempl…
Crimes of Obedience and Conformity in the Workplace
One outgrowth of Milgram's (1974) research is the study of public opinion about obedience norms. Extending Kelman and Hamilton's (1989) research on crimes of obedience in the military, this article explores crimes of obedience and crimes of conformity in the workplace. Random samples of the residents of Washington, DC, Moscow, Russia, and Tokyo, Japan were presented four vignettes about organizational wrongdoing. Manipulations included the influe…
Everyday Justice
Everyday Justice
Impact of Mental Health Services Use on Subsequent Mental Health of Autoworkers
Collecting three waves of panel data offered an unusual opportunity to examine the long-term outcomes of the use of mental health services. Data are drawn from a panel study of autoworkers. Waves 1, 2, and 3 consisted of 1,597, 1,288, and 1,136 workers, respectively, from four closing and 12 non-closing plants in Southeastern Michigan. Our results revealed a surprising finding: use of mental health services, whether in the general or specialty se…
Unemployment, distress, and coping
Everyday Justice
Everyday Justice
It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results…
Learning to Go to School in Japan
Legal Cultures and Punishment Repertoires in Japan, Russia, and the United States
Several years ago we conducted surveys in one American (Detroit) and two Japanese (Yokohama and Kanazawa) cities exploring the nature of responsibility and sanctioning judgments. Recently we were able to replicate a portion of those surveys in Moscow, and here we compare the results of the Moscow survey with the earlier findings. The fundamental question is whether socialist societies, at least as they have existed in the republics of the former …
Group and Gender in Japanese and American Elementary Classrooms
Teachers' individualism versus collectivism and androgenous versus gender-differentiated handling of boys and girls were compared in 10 Japanese and 9 American fifth-grade classrooms. Results showed that, as predicted, Japanese teachers attended significantly more often to groups rather than individual children, even controlling for their tendency to use whole group modes of instruction. Regarding gender differences, teachers in both countries pa…
Crimes of Obedience
Crimes of Obedience
The My Lai massacre, Watergate, the Iran-Contra affair: these are examples of the tendency for people to commit illegal acts when so ordered by authority. book examines these events and the public's response to them, presenting a major analysis of the rationale behind of This book explains how individuals in authority can abuse their power by failing to distinguish between discipline and blind obedience. CRIMES OF OBEDIENCE should be required rea…
Unemployment and its effects on families
Assessed the impact o f unemployment on the families o f auto workers recently unemployed or anticipating unemployment, as perceived by the workers themselves. A quasi-experimental design is used in the study; workers were sampled from plants scheduled to close (n = 831) and those not closing (n = 766). Results indicate that financial hardship produced by the unemployment experience has powerful negative effects on the families o f these workers.…
Sociology
"A Perspective on Kelman and Hamilton's "Crimes of Obedience
Credit and blame among American and Japanese children
Japanese and American 5th graders (N = 593 children, 198 American and 395 Japanese) assigned credit and blame to good and bad classroom deeds and performances. Theoretically, a morality of aspiration involves assigning more credit for a good deed than blame for a corresponding bad deed; a morality of duty involves assigning more blame than credit. In both countries academic achievement norms were most consistent with aspiration, moral norms were …
Hard Times and Vulnerable People
Large-scale 1987 General Motors plant shutdowns offered an unusual opportunity to study effects of actual and anticipated unemployment on mental health. Workers from four closing and 12 nonclosing plants (Ns = 831 and 766 respectively) were interviewed approximately three months before scheduled plant closings. Dependent variables were baseline frequencies of somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. The quasi-experimental design made it possibl…
Social Consensus on Norms of Justice
Social consensus on norms of justice has long been of concern to sociologist. The present paper presents a model of justice norms as congnitions and tests the degree of cognitive consensus on the norm of just deserts (i.e., "letting the punishment fit the crime"). It is argued that consensus on justice norms should be tested using a combination of within-respondent and between-respondent techniques. Such tests can (1) simultaneously reveal the pr…
Hard Times and Vulnerable People
Large-scale 1987 General Motors plant shutdowns offered an unusual opportunity to study effects of actual and anticipated unemployment on mental health. Workers from four closing and 12 nonclosing plants (Ns = 831 and 766 respectively) were interviewed approximately three months before scheduled plant closings. Dependent variables were baseline frequencies of somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. The quasi-experimental design made it possibl…
Universals in Judging Wrongdoing
Human judgment of wrongdoing underlies all social control processes. Substantively, we argue that a universal model of how humans make such judgments must allow for assessing both deeds of the actor being judgedand role-related social obligations governing what the actor should have done. Structurally, such a model can incorporate cross-cultural differences in terms of differential weights placed on these factors. The model was tested in sample s…
Punishment and the Individual in the United States and Japan
In this paper we argue that differences in the conceptualization of individual actors in networks provide the most parsimonious explanation for differences that occurbetweenAmerican and Japanese views of sanctions and between actors in different role relationshipswithineach society. Our empirical tests drew on respondents' hypothetical punishment choices and punishment rationales in surveys of Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan. …
Unemployment, distress, and coping
Intuitive psychologist or intuitive lawyer? Alternative models of the attribution process
The notion that humans commonly commit a fundamental attribution by overattributi ng causality to persons rather than situations rests on a particular model of the attribution process. That model is a scientific analysis of causality. Using insights from legal reasoning, the present article contrasts the scientific model, intuitive psychologizing, with an alternative view of attributions as sanctioning decisions, or intuitive lawyering. It is sug…
Legal Cultures and Punishment Repertoires in Japan, Russia, and the United States
Several years ago we conducted surveys in one American (Detroit) and two Japanese (Yokohama and Kanazawa) cities exploring the nature of responsibility and sanctioning judgments. Recently we were able to replicate a portion of those surveys in Moscow, and here we compare the results of the Moscow survey with the earlier findings. The fundamental question is whether socialist societies, at least as they have existed in the republics of the former …
Race, gender, and the response to stress
A three‐wave panel study of auto plant closings focused on the mental health effects of unemployment on blue‐collar workers. This paper explores how the impact of long‐term unemployment varies across race and gender. We also examine whether other demographic factors can themselves modify the impactsof race and gender. Dependent variables include two measures of distress and two drinking measures. Results showed that the effect of long‐term unempl…
Unemployment and its effects on families
Assessed the impact o f unemployment on the families o f auto workers recently unemployed or anticipating unemployment, as perceived by the workers themselves. A quasi-experimental design is used in the study; workers were sampled from plants scheduled to close (n = 831) and those not closing (n = 766). Results indicate that financial hardship produced by the unemployment experience has powerful negative effects on the families o f these workers.…
The Effect of Roles and Deeds on Responsibility Judgments
Human judgment of wrongdoing is a potential meeting groundfor sociological models of norms and psychological models of cognition. The present paper discusses the approach to human responsibility judgments that has dominated psychology since Jean Piaget and expands on that theory from a sociological perspective, arguing that judgments of responsibility are functions of both the deeds an actor performs and the social expectations of others for the …
Corporate Crime through Citizens' Eyes
A citizen's judgment of wrongdoing in an organizational setting may depend oncharacteristics of the citizen, of the accused, or both.In 1993, random sample surveys exploring judgment of corporate wrongdoing were carried out in Washington, DC (N= 602), Tokyo, Japan (N= 600), and Moscow, Russia (N= 597). Respondents heard hypothetical vignettes about wrongdoing in organizations and were asked to judge the actor's responsibility and related issues; …
Distributing Responsibility for Wrongdoing Inside Corporate Hierarchies
The decision rules individuals use to judge wrongdoing committed inside corporations and other hierarchical organizations are not well understood. We explore this issue by asking random samples of individuals in Moscow, Tokyo, and Washington, D. C., to respond to four short vignettes describing acts of wrongdoing by people in corporations. The vignettes are experiments that manipulate the actor's mental state, the actor's position in the organiza…
Role play and Deception
Citizenship and Scholarship in Japanese and American Fifth Grades
Japanese and American teachers’ attempts to socialize children and their students’ judgments of norms were examined across four domains of classroom life: academic performance, academic procedures, social procedures, and morality. The descriptive framework contrasted a morality of duty with a morality of aspiration. Duty refers to minimal standards that must be met or punishments will ensue; in teachers’ communication it is characterized by after…
The Institutionalization of Sanctions for Wrongdoing inside Organizations
Recent years have seen a rapprochement between research on organizations and research on law. One goal of such research is a better understanding of how the structures of complex organizations and the normative and cognitive structures of law interact within different cultures. This article is part of that enterprise. We report results from surveys conducted in Moscow, Tokyo, and Washington in 1993 that asked respondents to judge acts of wrongdoi…
Crimes of Obedience and Conformity in the Workplace
One outgrowth of Milgram's (1974) research is the study of public opinion about obedience norms. Extending Kelman and Hamilton's (1989) research on crimes of obedience in the military, this article explores crimes of obedience and crimes of conformity in the workplace. Random samples of the residents of Washington, DC, Moscow, Russia, and Tokyo, Japan were presented four vignettes about organizational wrongdoing. Manipulations included the influe…
Teaching responsibility to first graders
1979). Teaching responsibility to first graders. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, The Complex Classrooms: A Research Focus, pp. 174-180
Group and Gender in Japanese and American Elementary Classrooms
Teachers' individualism versus collectivism and androgenous versus gender-differentiated handling of boys and girls were compared in 10 Japanese and 9 American fifth-grade classrooms. Results showed that, as predicted, Japanese teachers attended significantly more often to groups rather than individual children, even controlling for their tendency to use whole group modes of instruction. Regarding gender differences, teachers in both countries pa…
Credit and blame among American and Japanese children
Japanese and American 5th graders (N = 593 children, 198 American and 395 Japanese) assigned credit and blame to good and bad classroom deeds and performances. Theoretically, a morality of aspiration involves assigning more credit for a good deed than blame for a corresponding bad deed; a morality of duty involves assigning more blame than credit. In both countries academic achievement norms were most consistent with aspiration, moral norms were …
Japanese and American Children’s Reasons for the Things They Do In School
Japanese and American children’s reasons for achievement and good conduct in school were compared. Fifth grade children (184 American and 399 Japanese) were asked the reasons for either their actions or their feelings about adhering to or violating classroom norms. Their open-ended responses were assessed both for the type of reason—external, internal, or emphatic—and for its target—authorities (parents, teacher) versus others, such as peers or s…
Sociology
A question of standards
Impact of Mental Health Services Use on Subsequent Mental Health of Autoworkers
Collecting three waves of panel data offered an unusual opportunity to examine the long-term outcomes of the use of mental health services. Data are drawn from a panel study of autoworkers. Waves 1, 2, and 3 consisted of 1,597, 1,288, and 1,136 workers, respectively, from four closing and 12 non-closing plants in Southeastern Michigan. Our results revealed a surprising finding: use of mental health services, whether in the general or specialty se…
Crimes of Obedience
The My Lai massacre, Watergate, the Iran-Contra affair: these are examples of the tendency for people to commit illegal acts when so ordered by authority. book examines these events and the public's response to them, presenting a major analysis of the rationale behind of This book explains how individuals in authority can abuse their power by failing to distinguish between discipline and blind obedience. CRIMES OF OBEDIENCE should be required rea…
Children’s Concepts of Ability, Effort, and Conduct
Children’s self-perceptions of ability may reflect assessments of their effort and good conduct as well as academic performance. Determinants of ability judgments were assessed in 158 second and sixth graders by examining intercorrelations among self-ratings of ability, effort, and conduct and by exploring criteria used for these judgments. In general, ability was linked to effort and effort to conduct, but not ability to conduct, in either ratin…
Role play and Deception
Who is Responsible? Toward a Social Psychology of Responsibility Attribution
The currently dominant psychological model of responsibility attribution is criticized and expanded upon from a sociological perspective. It is argued that responsibility judgments entail consideration of both what the actor did and what the actor was supposed to do: i.e., both physical deeds and social roles. Including roles in a responsibility attribution model provides: (I) a coherent account of alternative meanings of responsibility itself; (…
Obedience and responsibility
Teaching responsibility to first graders
1979). Teaching responsibility to first graders. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, The Complex Classrooms: A Research Focus, pp. 174-180
Social Psychology in Court
Intuitive psychologist or intuitive lawyer? Alternative models of the attribution process
The notion that humans commonly commit a fundamental attribution by overattributi ng causality to persons rather than situations rests on a particular model of the attribution process. That model is a scientific analysis of causality. Using insights from legal reasoning, the present article contrasts the scientific model, intuitive psychologizing, with an alternative view of attributions as sanctioning decisions, or intuitive lawyering. It is sug…
Social Consensus on Norms of Justice
Social consensus on norms of justice has long been of concern to sociologist. The present paper presents a model of justice norms as congnitions and tests the degree of cognitive consensus on the norm of just deserts (i.e., "letting the punishment fit the crime"). It is argued that consensus on justice norms should be tested using a combination of within-respondent and between-respondent techniques. Such tests can (1) simultaneously reveal the pr…
The Effect of Roles and Deeds on Responsibility Judgments
Human judgment of wrongdoing is a potential meeting groundfor sociological models of norms and psychological models of cognition. The present paper discusses the approach to human responsibility judgments that has dominated psychology since Jean Piaget and expands on that theory from a sociological perspective, arguing that judgments of responsibility are functions of both the deeds an actor performs and the social expectations of others for the …
On Philosophical Distinctions and Observed Judgments
The Belief in a Just World
1. The Belief in a Just World.- 2. The First Experiment: The Effect of Fortuitous Reward.- 3. The Second Experiment: Observers' Reactions to the Victim.- 4. The Third Experiment: The Martyred and Innocent Victims.- 5. Three Experiments That Assess the Effects of Sex and Educational Background of Observers, Experimenter and Observer Influence on One Another, and the Reactions of Informed and Nonimplicated Observers.- 6. Reactions to the Belief in …
Understanding Events
What's Fair
Why There Is No Socialism in the United States Support for and Opposition to More Equality Norms of Distributive Justice and Three Domains of Life The Socializing Domain and the Principle of Equality The Economic Domain and the Principle of Differentiation The Political Domain and the Principle of Equality Alternative Patterns of Belief Ambivalence Political Orientations: Why the Dog Doesn't Bark Appendixes Demographic Characteristics of Responde…
Universals in Judging Wrongdoing
Human judgment of wrongdoing underlies all social control processes. Substantively, we argue that a universal model of how humans make such judgments must allow for assessing both deeds of the actor being judgedand role-related social obligations governing what the actor should have done. Structurally, such a model can incorporate cross-cultural differences in terms of differential weights placed on these factors. The model was tested in sample s…
Inside the Jury
Children's Concepts of Ability, Effort, and Conduct
Children’s self-perceptions of ability may reflect assessments of their effort and good conduct as well as academic performance. Determinants of ability judgments were assessed in 158 second and sixth graders by examining intercorrelations among self-ratings of ability, effort, and conduct and by exploring criteria used for these judgments. In general, ability was linked to effort and effort to conduct, but not ability to conduct, in either ratin…
Children’s Concepts of Ability, Effort, and Conduct
Children’s self-perceptions of ability may reflect assessments of their effort and good conduct as well as academic performance. Determinants of ability judgments were assessed in 158 second and sixth graders by examining intercorrelations among self-ratings of ability, effort, and conduct and by exploring criteria used for these judgments. In general, ability was linked to effort and effort to conduct, but not ability to conduct, in either ratin…
A question of standards
Punishment and the Individual in the United States and Japan
In this paper we argue that differences in the conceptualization of individual actors in networks provide the most parsimonious explanation for differences that occurbetweenAmerican and Japanese views of sanctions and between actors in different role relationshipswithineach society. Our empirical tests drew on respondents' hypothetical punishment choices and punishment rationales in surveys of Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan. …
Japanese and American Children's Reasons for the Things They Do in School
Japanese and American children’s reasons for achievement and good conduct in school were compared. Fifth grade children (184 American and 399 Japanese) were asked the reasons for either their actions or their feelings about adhering to or violating classroom norms. Their open-ended responses were assessed both for the type of reason—external, internal, or emphatic—and for its target—authorities (parents, teacher) versus others, such as peers or s…
Citizenship and Scholarship in Japanese and American Fifth Grades
Japanese and American teachers’ attempts to socialize children and their students’ judgments of norms were examined across four domains of classroom life: academic performance, academic procedures, social procedures, and morality. The descriptive framework contrasted a morality of duty with a morality of aspiration. Duty refers to minimal standards that must be met or punishments will ensue; in teachers’ communication it is characterized by after…
Japanese and American Children’s Reasons for the Things They Do In School
Japanese and American children’s reasons for achievement and good conduct in school were compared. Fifth grade children (184 American and 399 Japanese) were asked the reasons for either their actions or their feelings about adhering to or violating classroom norms. Their open-ended responses were assessed both for the type of reason—external, internal, or emphatic—and for its target—authorities (parents, teacher) versus others, such as peers or s…
Crimes of Obedience
Crimes of Obedience
The My Lai massacre, Watergate, the Iran-Contra affair: these are examples of the tendency for people to commit illegal acts when so ordered by authority. book examines these events and the public's response to them, presenting a major analysis of the rationale behind of This book explains how individuals in authority can abuse their power by failing to distinguish between discipline and blind obedience. CRIMES OF OBEDIENCE should be required rea…
Unemployment and its effects on families
Assessed the impact o f unemployment on the families o f auto workers recently unemployed or anticipating unemployment, as perceived by the workers themselves. A quasi-experimental design is used in the study; workers were sampled from plants scheduled to close (n = 831) and those not closing (n = 766). Results indicate that financial hardship produced by the unemployment experience has powerful negative effects on the families o f these workers.…
Sociology
Psychology (34 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Law (14 obras) · Criminology (12 obras) · Wrongdoing (8 obras) · Developmental psychology (7 obras)