Kjetil Tronvoll
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 157656 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Kjetil Tronvoll |
| NOMBRES | Kjetil |
| APELLIDO | Tronvoll |
| FIRMA | TRONVOLL K |
| AFILIACIONES | Oslo Nye Høyskole |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0599-6674 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 231 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
How the Past Has Stalled Democratization in Zanzibar
Zanzibar, a self-governing state of Tanzania, may look like a tranquil tropical archipelago. But in the 60 years since a revolution overthrew a sultanate with origins in Oman, its politics have been turbulent. Revolutionary doctrines of socialism and one-party rule led to repression that lasted for years. Far from bringing stability, the introduction of multiparty politics in the 1990s has led to cycles of electoral violence and failed reconcilia…
Voting for war, to secure peace
Elections in divided societies and in countries undergoing political transitions are precarious events. Hastened democratisation may ignite inter-communal antagonism and mobilise voters for conflict. Sub-national elections are even more prone to challenge national policies to defend regional autonomy and self-determination. The relationship between the Tigray Peoples' Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Ethiopian Federal government had been deteriora…
The Anatomy of Ethiopia’s Civil War
The civil war that erupted in November 2020 in Ethiopia was a culmination of several overlapping, long-running conflicts. The main conflict involves the nature of the Ethiopian state: whether it should be a unified structure reflecting a singular national identity, or a multiethnic federal system preserving autonomy for regional states. The discrete conflicts involve tensions between the central state and the regional states of Tigray and Oromo; …
The Sidama Quest for Self-Rule
The Sidama of southern Ethiopia has a long history of struggle to reclaim self-rule, which was lost with the forceful incorporation of their territory into the Ethiopian empire in 1893. With the fall of the military junta in 1991, the new government reconfigured the country into a multinational (ethnic) federation. Years of protests and turmoil led to the consolidation of a nationalist movement demanding the constitutional right to conduct a refe…
Health and politics in pandemic times
With a focus on responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ethiopia and on political developments that have occurred in the country during the pandemic, this article contributes to the existing scholarship that explores the relationship between health and politics. Drawing on qualitative data from the project ‘COVID-19 Impact Tracing in Ethiopia: Social, Economic, Political, and Security Ramifications’, carried out in the Tigray, Amhara …
Falling from Grace
The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), the government party in Ethiopia from 1991 to 2019, was Africa's biggest party in terms of membership base and considered to be the most powerful incumbent on the continent. The factors behind its rapid fall from grace and eventual collapse in 2019 will be put under scrutiny in this article. Comparative political research has pointed to both endogamous and exogamous factors contributi…
Religion and the ‘Secular shadow’
In Ethiopia, both Christians and Muslims interpreted the Covid-19 pandemic as God's punishment for sin. Prayer, fasting, and congregating in houses of worship therefore became important as means to plead God to act; practices that deviated from the biomedically informed efforts promoted by the Ethiopian government. This article explores these religious perceptions and practices and how they were negotiated in relation to official public health po…
God’s Wrath in the Era of the Digidemic
During the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, many Ethiopians viewed the pandemic as an expression of God’s punishment for sin. Although such interpretations reflect historical continuity, an analysis of these sentiments and of how the pandemic unfolded in Ethiopia reveal an interesting conundrum. Whereas the Covid-19 pandemic clearly has had devastating impacts all over the world, the very experiences that historically generated interpretatio…
Constitutional Discord and Division in Tanzania
This article explores the effects of the Tanzanian constitutional review process undertaken from 2011 to 2015 by Zanzibar's government of national unity (GNU), which was operative between 2010 and 2015. Central to this analysis is the historicity of constitutionalism in Tanzania and political antagonism and violence in Zanzibar. The reconciliation agreement of 2009 brought relative stability to the isles; however, the start of the constitutional …
Performing accountability in petroleum resource governance in a shrinking democratic space
Accountability is a multifaceted concept fraught with ambiguity. In contributing to the critical literature on transparency and accountability, this paper explores how accountability in extractive resource governance is conceived and re-shaped as a consequence of the changing political context in the host country, using recent experiences in the emerging petroleum industry in Tanzania as the case. Based on a qualitative research design, the paper…
Interpreting contemporary Oromo politics in Ethiopia
Decades of both non-violent and armed struggle did not bring much result to the Oromo quest for political power over the Ethiopian state, and contemporary Oromo politics often appear recondite and discordant. When Abiy Ahmed came to power as the new Prime Minister in April 2018 as the first Oromo politician entering the former imperial palace, many believed it was the Oromo's turn to rule. Developments since then have, however, revealed a far mor…
Brothers at Peace’
The coming to power of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Ethiopia in 2018 opened up a renewed peace engagement with Eritrea and diplomatic relations were restored. Before the political rapprochement, grassroots processes of people-to-people reconciliation in the borderlands between the two countries had been underway for years, gradually eroding officially-produced enemy stereotypes. This article explores how physical borders and boundaries of identit…
The Rise and Fall of the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar
This article analyses the pitfalls that characterised the emergence and eventual demise of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tanzania's semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar.Drawn from continuous political and electoral observations in Zanzibar, the article analyses how the 2015 general elections contributed to the eventual dissolution of the GNU.The GNU in Zanzibar was a negotiated political settlement between two parties -the incumbent Cha…
Niels Nagelhus Schia
The politics of continuity and collusion in Zanzibar
The popularity of unity governments to settle both internal political divisions and outright conflict has grown in the last 20 years. However, more often than not unity governments fail to mitigate the political dynamics baked into the political economies and suffer from being insufficiently anchored in local society. The Government of National Unity (GNU) in Zanzibar, formed in 2010 as the culmination of the 'maridhiano' political reconciliation…
The Promise of Liberation and the Reality of Oppression
The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), which successfully brought about the country’s independence, was expected by the overwhelming majority of the country’s citizens to build a democratic state that liberates and transforms society. As the authors of this book note, many observers also saw the country* during the early years of its independence as a promising “model of African renaissance”.Roughly two decades later, however, Eritrea is …
"We are all Zanzibari!" Identity formation and political reconciliation in Zanzibar
Zanzibari social relations were long characterised by disruption and antagonism around election time, between followers of the incumbent Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and opposition party Civic United Front (CUF). In November 2009, with a top-level political meeting between the leaders of CUF and CCM, this started to change. Based on field interviews and observations, this article argues that Zanzibari politics – over the period from July 2009 to Nov…
The African Garrison State
Examines Eritrea's deprivation of human rights since independence and its transformation into a militarised "garrison state". When Eritrea gained independence in 1991, hopes were high for its transformation. In two decades, however, it became one of the most repressive in the world, effectively a militarised "garrison state". This comprehensive and detailed analysis examines how the prospects for democracy in the new state turned to ashes, review…
In memoriam Siegfried Pausewang (1937-2012)
Obituary
The Ethiopian 2010 federal and regional elections
Ethiopia conducted its fourth federal and regional election on 23 May 2010. Considering the widespread pre-election interest and excitement the 2005 election attracted, and the vigorous role played by the opposition both during the campaign and in the post-election turmoil, the 2010 process was a huge let-down. The general impression among Ethiopians was that the outcome was a foregone conclusion, so the electorate was rather passively, or perhap…
Marginalisation of Minorities in Eritrea – Sustaining Policies of «Cultural Superiority»
The End of Democracy? Curtailing Political and Civil Rights in Ethiopia
This article assesses political developments in Ethiopia after its 2005 federal and regional watershed elections. Although an unprecedented liberalisation took place ahead of the contested and controversial 2005 polls, a crack-down occurred in the wake of the elections, when the opposition was neutralised. Subsequently, the government rolled out a deliberate plan to prevent any future large-scale protest against their grip on power by establishin…
Conflict and Peace in the Horn of Africa
ROAPE has commissioned several special issues on the Horn of Africa in the last 25 years. The first in 1984 (No. 30), ‘Conflict in the Horn of Africa’, started off by characterising the hallmark of
Ambiguous elections
The 'non-electoral context' of elections is often overlooked in democratisation studies, in order not to obscure an otherwise clear model or theory of transition. A key challenge for research on democratisation processes is to balance electoral 'formalities' with contextual factors, qualitative perceptions and non-electoral issues, in order to reach a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of democratic transitions. This article advocates a…
The perils of face. Essays on cultural contact, respect and self-esteem in southern Ethiopia edited by Strecker, Ivo and Jean Lydall
The End of Democracy? Curtailing Political and Civil Rights in Ethiopia
This article assesses political developments in Ethiopia after its 2005 federal and regional watershed elections. Although an unprecedented liberalisation took place ahead of the contested and controversial 2005 polls, a crack-down occurred in the wake of the elections, when the opposition was neutralised. Subsequently, the government rolled out a deliberate plan to prevent any future large-scale protest against their grip on power by establishin…
Borders of violence - boundaries of identity
This article explores the concepts of borders and boundaries in the formation of an Eritrean national identity. The dialectical relationship between the State of Eritrea and its borders towards the Sudan and Ethiopia are addressed in order to analyse how this relationship influences the formation of a 'formal' national identity. The cultural, political, religious and historical configuration of the Eritrean frontiers makes it difficult to demarca…
The 2008 Ethiopian local elections
Ethiopia carried out local elections for neighbourhood (kebele) and county (woreda) assemblies on 13 and 20 April 2008, respectively.1 By law, these elections were supposed to be conducted in 2005, but the chaotic period after the general elections that year made it impossible to carry out the local polls. Considering the formative character of the 2005 general elections, where the opposition for the first time challenged the ruling Ethiopian Peo…
The Ethiopian 2010 federal and regional elections
Ethiopia conducted its fourth federal and regional election on 23 May 2010. Considering the widespread pre-election interest and excitement the 2005 election attracted, and the vigorous role played by the opposition both during the campaign and in the post-election turmoil, the 2010 process was a huge let-down. The general impression among Ethiopians was that the outcome was a foregone conclusion, so the electorate was rather passively, or perhap…
Brothers at War
Ambiguous elections
The 'non-electoral context' of elections is often overlooked in democratisation studies, in order not to obscure an otherwise clear model or theory of transition. A key challenge for research on democratisation processes is to balance electoral 'formalities' with contextual factors, qualitative perceptions and non-electoral issues, in order to reach a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of democratic transitions. This article advocates a…
Interpreting contemporary Oromo politics in Ethiopia
Decades of both non-violent and armed struggle did not bring much result to the Oromo quest for political power over the Ethiopian state, and contemporary Oromo politics often appear recondite and discordant. When Abiy Ahmed came to power as the new Prime Minister in April 2018 as the first Oromo politician entering the former imperial palace, many believed it was the Oromo's turn to rule. Developments since then have, however, revealed a far mor…
The process of nation-building in post-war Eritrea
The journey of nation-building is long and complicated. Even though the bases of Eritrean nationalism have been firmly established through our long liberation struggle, it has yet to be concluded. It is known that to build [a] peaceful and rich country is the hardest, and more complicated than to get success in war. The National Charter of Eritrea, EPLF (1994
"We are all Zanzibari!" Identity formation and political reconciliation in Zanzibar
Zanzibari social relations were long characterised by disruption and antagonism around election time, between followers of the incumbent Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and opposition party Civic United Front (CUF). In November 2009, with a top-level political meeting between the leaders of CUF and CCM, this started to change. Based on field interviews and observations, this article argues that Zanzibari politics – over the period from July 2009 to Nov…
The African Garrison State
Examines Eritrea's deprivation of human rights since independence and its transformation into a militarised "garrison state". When Eritrea gained independence in 1991, hopes were high for its transformation. In two decades, however, it became one of the most repressive in the world, effectively a militarised "garrison state". This comprehensive and detailed analysis examines how the prospects for democracy in the new state turned to ashes, review…
The politics of continuity and collusion in Zanzibar
The popularity of unity governments to settle both internal political divisions and outright conflict has grown in the last 20 years. However, more often than not unity governments fail to mitigate the political dynamics baked into the political economies and suffer from being insufficiently anchored in local society. The Government of National Unity (GNU) in Zanzibar, formed in 2010 as the culmination of the 'maridhiano' political reconciliation…
Voting, violence and violations
This article presents peasant grievances on the flawed 2000 elections in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. For the first time in Ethiopia's electoral history, an opposition party managed to win the majority of the votes in one administrative zone. In the run-up to the elections, government cadres and officials intimidated and harassed candidates and members from the opposition Hadiya National Democratic Organisation (HNDO). Several candidates and m…
Brothers at War
Religion and the ‘Secular shadow’
In Ethiopia, both Christians and Muslims interpreted the Covid-19 pandemic as God's punishment for sin. Prayer, fasting, and congregating in houses of worship therefore became important as means to plead God to act; practices that deviated from the biomedically informed efforts promoted by the Ethiopian government. This article explores these religious perceptions and practices and how they were negotiated in relation to official public health po…
Conflict and Peace in the Horn of Africa
ROAPE has commissioned several special issues on the Horn of Africa in the last 25 years. The first in 1984 (No. 30), ‘Conflict in the Horn of Africa’, started off by characterising the hallmark of
The Rise and Fall of the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar
This article analyses the pitfalls that characterised the emergence and eventual demise of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tanzania's semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar.Drawn from continuous political and electoral observations in Zanzibar, the article analyses how the 2015 general elections contributed to the eventual dissolution of the GNU.The GNU in Zanzibar was a negotiated political settlement between two parties -the incumbent Cha…
God’s Wrath in the Era of the Digidemic
During the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, many Ethiopians viewed the pandemic as an expression of God’s punishment for sin. Although such interpretations reflect historical continuity, an analysis of these sentiments and of how the pandemic unfolded in Ethiopia reveal an interesting conundrum. Whereas the Covid-19 pandemic clearly has had devastating impacts all over the world, the very experiences that historically generated interpretatio…
Performing accountability in petroleum resource governance in a shrinking democratic space
Accountability is a multifaceted concept fraught with ambiguity. In contributing to the critical literature on transparency and accountability, this paper explores how accountability in extractive resource governance is conceived and re-shaped as a consequence of the changing political context in the host country, using recent experiences in the emerging petroleum industry in Tanzania as the case. Based on a qualitative research design, the paper…
Brothers at Peace’
The coming to power of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Ethiopia in 2018 opened up a renewed peace engagement with Eritrea and diplomatic relations were restored. Before the political rapprochement, grassroots processes of people-to-people reconciliation in the borderlands between the two countries had been underway for years, gradually eroding officially-produced enemy stereotypes. This article explores how physical borders and boundaries of identit…
Falling from Grace
The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), the government party in Ethiopia from 1991 to 2019, was Africa's biggest party in terms of membership base and considered to be the most powerful incumbent on the continent. The factors behind its rapid fall from grace and eventual collapse in 2019 will be put under scrutiny in this article. Comparative political research has pointed to both endogamous and exogamous factors contributi…
Book Notes
The process of nation-building in post-war Eritrea
The journey of nation-building is long and complicated. Even though the bases of Eritrean nationalism have been firmly established through our long liberation struggle, it has yet to be concluded. It is known that to build [a] peaceful and rich country is the hardest, and more complicated than to get success in war. The National Charter of Eritrea, EPLF (1994
Borders of violence - boundaries of identity
This article explores the concepts of borders and boundaries in the formation of an Eritrean national identity. The dialectical relationship between the State of Eritrea and its borders towards the Sudan and Ethiopia are addressed in order to analyse how this relationship influences the formation of a 'formal' national identity. The cultural, political, religious and historical configuration of the Eritrean frontiers makes it difficult to demarca…
"Meret Shehena", 'Brothers' Land' S. F. Nadel's "Land Tenure on the Eritrean Plateau" Revisited
This article revisits S.F. Nadel's study on land tenure in highland Eritrea from the mid‐1940s, and presents the current framework of the communal land tenure system of meret shehena. Under the meret shehena system, all land under the domain of the village is perceived as the common property of the village inhabitants. To restrict outsiders access to land, habitation rights (tisha) to the villages is guided by agnatic descent, and individuals obt…
Meret Shehena, ‘Brothers' Land’ S. F. Nadel's Land Tenure on the Eritrean Plateau Revisited
This article revisits S.F. Nadel's study on land tenure in highland Eritrea from the mid‐1940s, and presents the current framework of the communal land tenure system of meret shehena. Under the meret shehena system, all land under the domain of the village is perceived as the common property of the village inhabitants. To restrict outsiders access to land, habitation rights ( tisha ) to the villages is guided by agnatic descent, and individuals o…
Brothers at War
Brothers at War
Voting, violence and violations
This article presents peasant grievances on the flawed 2000 elections in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. For the first time in Ethiopia's electoral history, an opposition party managed to win the majority of the votes in one administrative zone. In the run-up to the elections, government cadres and officials intimidated and harassed candidates and members from the opposition Hadiya National Democratic Organisation (HNDO). Several candidates and m…
Brothers at War
Bokomtaler
Ethiopia since the Derg
Preface - Christopher Clapham 1. Democratisation in Ethiopia: Some Notes on Theory and Methodology - Siegfried Pausewang, Kjetil Tronvoll and Lovise Aalen 2. A Process of Democratisation or Control? The Historical and Political Context - Siegfried Pausewang, Kjetil Tronvoll and Lovise Aalen 3. Women are not corrupt: The Elections in Addis Ababa in a Gender Perspective - Marta Camilla Wright 4. Prospects for Democracy, Agro-ecology and Civil Socie…
The perils of face. Essays on cultural contact, respect and self-esteem in southern Ethiopia edited by Strecker, Ivo and Jean Lydall
The Eritrean-Ethiopian Peace Agreement
The 2008 Ethiopian local elections
Ethiopia carried out local elections for neighbourhood (kebele) and county (woreda) assemblies on 13 and 20 April 2008, respectively.1 By law, these elections were supposed to be conducted in 2005, but the chaotic period after the general elections that year made it impossible to carry out the local polls. Considering the formative character of the 2005 general elections, where the opposition for the first time challenged the ruling Ethiopian Peo…
The End of Democracy? Curtailing Political and Civil Rights in Ethiopia
This article assesses political developments in Ethiopia after its 2005 federal and regional watershed elections. Although an unprecedented liberalisation took place ahead of the contested and controversial 2005 polls, a crack-down occurred in the wake of the elections, when the opposition was neutralised. Subsequently, the government rolled out a deliberate plan to prevent any future large-scale protest against their grip on power by establishin…
Conflict and Peace in the Horn of Africa
ROAPE has commissioned several special issues on the Horn of Africa in the last 25 years. The first in 1984 (No. 30), ‘Conflict in the Horn of Africa’, started off by characterising the hallmark of
Ambiguous elections
The 'non-electoral context' of elections is often overlooked in democratisation studies, in order not to obscure an otherwise clear model or theory of transition. A key challenge for research on democratisation processes is to balance electoral 'formalities' with contextual factors, qualitative perceptions and non-electoral issues, in order to reach a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of democratic transitions. This article advocates a…
Marginalisation of Minorities in Eritrea – Sustaining Policies of «Cultural Superiority»
The Ethiopian 2010 federal and regional elections
Ethiopia conducted its fourth federal and regional election on 23 May 2010. Considering the widespread pre-election interest and excitement the 2005 election attracted, and the vigorous role played by the opposition both during the campaign and in the post-election turmoil, the 2010 process was a huge let-down. The general impression among Ethiopians was that the outcome was a foregone conclusion, so the electorate was rather passively, or perhap…
In memoriam Siegfried Pausewang (1937-2012)
Obituary
The African Garrison State
Examines Eritrea's deprivation of human rights since independence and its transformation into a militarised "garrison state". When Eritrea gained independence in 1991, hopes were high for its transformation. In two decades, however, it became one of the most repressive in the world, effectively a militarised "garrison state". This comprehensive and detailed analysis examines how the prospects for democracy in the new state turned to ashes, review…
The Promise of Liberation and the Reality of Oppression
The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), which successfully brought about the country’s independence, was expected by the overwhelming majority of the country’s citizens to build a democratic state that liberates and transforms society. As the authors of this book note, many observers also saw the country* during the early years of its independence as a promising “model of African renaissance”.Roughly two decades later, however, Eritrea is …
"We are all Zanzibari!" Identity formation and political reconciliation in Zanzibar
Zanzibari social relations were long characterised by disruption and antagonism around election time, between followers of the incumbent Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and opposition party Civic United Front (CUF). In November 2009, with a top-level political meeting between the leaders of CUF and CCM, this started to change. Based on field interviews and observations, this article argues that Zanzibari politics – over the period from July 2009 to Nov…
The Rise and Fall of the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar
This article analyses the pitfalls that characterised the emergence and eventual demise of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tanzania's semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar.Drawn from continuous political and electoral observations in Zanzibar, the article analyses how the 2015 general elections contributed to the eventual dissolution of the GNU.The GNU in Zanzibar was a negotiated political settlement between two parties -the incumbent Cha…
Niels Nagelhus Schia
Political science (33 obras) · Law (29 obras) · African history and culture analysis (26 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Politics (23 obras) · Political economy (18 obras) · Economics (13 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Democracy (11 obras) · Public Administration (9 obras)