Emily M D Grundy
Biographic Data
| ID | 1591934 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Emily M D Grundy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Emily M D |
| FAMILY NAME | Grundy |
| SIGNATURE | GRUNDY E M D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9633-1116 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 106 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1076 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 106 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
Mode d’accouchement du premier enfant et fécondité ultérieure en Norvège
À partir de données couvrant l’ensemble de la population norvégienne, nous explorons dans cette étude les associations entre le mode d’accouchement du premier enfant et le passage à une deuxième naissance chez les femmes ayant accouché de leur premier enfant né vivant entre 2007 et 2017. Contrairement à la plupart des études antérieures, cette analyse prend en compte les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de la mère et du père de l’enfant, la s…
Health Influences on Second‐ and Third‐Birth Probabilities in Norway
We examined how several health variables were associated with mothers’ probability of having a second or third child and the timing of the second birth. Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and linked registers were used. Parents with certain potentially chronic health problems before or in pregnancy were less likely than others to have an additional (especially a second) child, net of differences in relationship s…
Optimized Random-Combinations of Total Fertility Rates and Life Expectancies at Birth for Probabilistic Population Projections
Housing tenure and disability in the UK: Trends and projections 2004–2030
Introduction: Housing is a major influence on health. Housing tenure is associated with housing conditions, affordability, and security and is an important dimension of housing. In the UK there have been profound changes in both housing conditions and the distribution of households by tenure over the past century, that is during the lifetimes of the current population. Methods: We firstly reviewed and summarise changes in housing conditions, hous…
Assessing the impact of caregiving for older parents on caregivers' health: Initial health status and trajectories of physical and mental health among midlife caregivers for parents and parents-in-law…
Assessing the impact of caregiving for older parents on caregivers' health is increasingly important in the context of population changes and curtailment of state provided services. This has been extensively studied but results are inconsistent, possibly reflecting a lack of attention to health-related selection into the caregiver role. We use data from a nationally representative UK longitudinal study to analyse differences in the health of peop…
A picture of health: Determining the core population served by an urban NHS hospital trust and understanding the key health needs
We define a blueprint by which a catchment can be defined for a hospital trust and demonstrate the value a hospital-view of the local population could provide in understanding local health needs and enabling population-level health improvement interventions. While an individual approach allows tailoring to local context and need, there could be an efficiency saving were such public health information made routinely and regularly available for eve…
Slowdown in Mortality Improvement in the Past Decade: A US/UK Comparison
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the slowdown in mortality improvement in the United States, United Kingdom, and comparator countries observed in the first decade of the twenty-first century and critically evaluate proposed explanations. METHODS: Change-point analysis to identify the year of change in comparison of national mortality trends and linear spline models in the investigation of subnational differences using data from the Human Mortality Data…
Multimorbidity as assessed by reporting of multiple causes of death: Variations by period, sociodemographic characteristics and place of death among older decedents in England and Wales, 2001–2017
BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity is common at older ages and is associated with disability, frailty and poor quality of life. Research using clinical databases and surveys has shown associations between multimorbidity and indicators of social disadvantage. Use of multiple coded death registration data has been proposed as an additional source which may also provide insights into quality of death certification. METHODS: We investigate trends in reportin…
Work–family lifecourses and later-life health in the United Kingdom
Socio-economic inequalities in physical and mental health persist at older ages and previous studies have shown that partnership and parenthood histories are also associated with differentials in later-life health. These domains of adult life interact, and both may be influenced by earlier life circumstances, indicating a need for a holistic approach to understanding lifecourse influences on health at older ages. In this paper, we identify classe…
Area deprivation, perceived neighbourhood cohesion and mental health at older ages: A cross lagged analysis of UK longitudinal data
Previous research on neighbourhood influences on older adults' mental health shows inconsistent evidence for effects of neighbourhood deprivation but stronger evidence for effects of perceived neighbourhood social cohesion, often proposed as a mediator of the link between neighbourhood deprivation and mental well-being. However, it is possible that mental health influences perceptions of neighbourhoods; this has rarely been considered. We use dat…
Does long-term care coverage shape the impact of informal care-giving on quality of life? A difference-in-difference approach
The impact that providing care to ageing parents has on adult children's lives may depend on the long-term care (LTC) context. A common approach to test this is to compare whether the impact of care-giving varies between countries with different LTC coverage. However, this approach leaves considerable room for omitted variable bias. We use individual fixed-effects analyses to reduce bias in the estimates of the effects of informal care-giving on …
Household debt and depressive symptoms among older adults in three continental European countries
In this comparative study focusing on the population aged 50 and over in three European countries, we investigate the association between household debt and depressive symptoms, and possible country differences in this association, using data from Waves 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the Surveys of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for Belgium, France and Germany. Multi-level regression models with random intercepts for individuals were used t…
Fertility History and Biomarkers Using Prospective Data: Evidence From the 1958 National Child Development Study
Research on the later-life health implications of fertility history has predominantly considered associations with mortality or self-reported indicators of health. Most of this previous research has either not been able to account for selection factors related to both early-life and later-life health or has had to rely on retrospectively reported accounts of childhood circumstances. Using the 1958 National Child Development Study, and in particul…
Fertility trajectories and later-life depression among parents in England
We examine pathways between indicators of fertility tempo/quantum and depressive symptoms among parents aged 55+ with at least two children, using three waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using standard regression approaches and path analysis within the structural equation framework, we also investigate whether fertility trajectories mediated the association between childhood disadvantage and later-life depression. Results provide…
Social Isolation and Memory Decline in Later-life
Results suggest that the association between social isolation and memory decline arises because social isolation is associated with increased memory decline rather than poor memory leading to increases in social isolation. Men with high levels of social isolation and women with accumulated social isolation over time are especially affected as these patterns of isolation were associated with more profound memory decline
Fertility History and Physical and Mental Health Changes in European Older Adults
Previous studies have shown that aspects of reproductive history, such as earlier parenthood and high parity, are associated with poorer health in mid and later life. However, it is unclear which dimensions of health are most affected by reproductive history, and whether the pattern of associations varies for measures of physical, psychological and cognitive health. Such variation might provide more insight into possible underlying mechanisms. We…
Children's age at parental divorce and depression in early and mid-adulthood
This study aimed to assess whether children's age at their parents' divorce is associated with depression in early and mid-adulthood, as indicated by medication purchase. A sibling comparison method was used to control for unobserved factors shared between siblings. The data were extracted from the Norwegian Population Register and Norwegian Prescription Database and included about 181,000 individuals aged 20-44 who had experienced parental divor…
Mindmap: Establishing an integrated database infrastructure for research in ageing, mental well-being, and the urban environment
MINDMAP is a novel research collaboration that is combining population-based cohort data with publicly available datasets not typically used for ageing and mental well-being research. Integration of various data sources and observational units into a single platform will help to explain the differences in ageing-related mental and cognitive disorders both within as well as between cities in Europe, the US, Canada, and Russia and to assess the cau…
Returns home by children and changes in parents’ well-being in Europe
Co-resident adult children may be a source of emotional and instrumental support for older parents, but also a source of conflict and stress. Results from previous research are far from conclusive and indicate that intergenerational co-residence may have both negative and positive effects on parents' depressive symptoms and physical health. We analyse longitudinal data from four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2007…
The increasing mortality advantage of the married: The role played by education
In several European countries the excess mortality of nonmarried people relative to the married has increased. In this study we describe in detail the increasing mortality advantage of the married in Norway and investigate the extent to which changes in ed
Coresidence with a child and happiness among older widows in Europe: Does gender of the child matter
Both coresidence patterns and the reported well-being of older people vary widely across Europe for a variety of economic, cultural, and historical factors. We investigate how far 2 indicators of well-being, happiness and life satisfaction, vary according to whether or not older women live with their children and, in particular, with son(s) or daughter(s). We compare outcomes for women who are unpartnered widows, the great majority of whom will h…
Number of Children, Partnership Status, and Later-life Depression in Eastern and Western Europe
Availability of close family is more strongly associated with older people's depressive symptoms in Eastern than Western Europe. The collapse of previous state supports and greater economic stress in Eastern Europe may mean that having a partner and children has a greater psychological impact than in Western countries
Life-course partnership history and midlife health behaviours in a population-based birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Marital and partnership history is strongly associated with health in midlife and later life. However, the role of health behaviours as an explanatory mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations between life-course partnership trajectories (taking into account timing, non-marital cohabitation, remarriage and marital transitions) and health behaviours measured in midlife. METHODS: We ana…
Loneliness among Polish migrants in the Netherlands: The impact of presence and location of partners and offspring
Research using nonmigrant samples indicates that having a partner and children is protective against loneliness. Such beneficial effects may be weaker for migrants with partners and/or children living in different countries
Health effects of parental deaths among adults in Norway: Purchases of prescription medicine before and after bereavement
We analyse effects of parental deaths on the health of women and men aged 18-59 in 2004-2008, indicated by purchases of prescription medicines. Register data covering the entire Norwegian population were used, and fixed-effects models were estimated to control for unobserved time-invariant individual factors. A parent's death seemed to have immediate adverse consequences in both main age groups considered (18-39, 40-59), although effects were low…
Between elderly parents and adult children: A new look at the intergenerational care provided by the ‘sandwich generation’
The ‘sandwich generation’ has been conceptualised as those mid-life adults who simultaneously raise dependent children and care for frail elderly parents. Such a combination of dependants is in fact very unusual, and the more common situation is when adults in late mid-life or early old age have one or more surviving parents and adult but still partly dependent children. It can be hypothesised that for parents in this pivotal position, the demand…
Health inequalities in the older population: The Role of Personal Capital, Social Resources and Socio-Economic Circumstances
Reciprocity in relationships: Socio-economic and health influences on intergenerational exchanges between Third Age parents and their adult children in Great Britain
In this paper data from a nationally representative British longitudinal study are used to analyse exchanges of support between Third Age parents (aged 55-75) and their adult children. Results show that between two thirds and three quarters of parents in this age group were involved in some sort of exchange relationship with at least one of their children. Generally, more Third Age parents were providers than recipients of help, but there was a s…
The socioeconomic status of older adults: How should we measure it in studies of health inequalities
METHODS Desirable features of socioeconomic measurement systems for identifying health inequalities in older populations were identified with reference to the literature. Logistic regression was used to examine variations in self reported health by seven indicators of socioeconomic status. The pair of indicators with the greatest explanatory power was identified
Fertility history and health in later life: A record linkage study in England and Wales
Adult life experiences and health in early old age in Great Britain
Fertility history and cause-specific mortality: A register-based analysis of complete cohorts of Norwegian women and men
Social Contacts and Receipt of Help Among Older People in England: Are There Benefits of Having More Children
These results show some advantages for older parents compared with childless individuals in terms of social contact and receipt of help and, among parents, an additional effect of having a daughter. Changes in family size distributions have implications for the support of older people and for planners of formal services
Returns home by children and changes in parents’ well-being in Europe
Co-resident adult children may be a source of emotional and instrumental support for older parents, but also a source of conflict and stress. Results from previous research are far from conclusive and indicate that intergenerational co-residence may have both negative and positive effects on parents' depressive symptoms and physical health. We analyse longitudinal data from four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2007…
Fertility history, health, and health changes in later life: A panel study of British women and men born 1923-49
We investigated associations between later-life health and fertility history for women and men, using the British Household Panel Survey. We modelled health and its rate of change jointly with sample retention over an 11-year period. For women, childlessness is associated with limitation of activity for health reasons and faster acquisition of the limitation. High parity (four or more children) is associated with poorer health for both women and …
Reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality: A sibling comparison analysis using Swedish register data
A growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by socioeconomic status in the family of origin, as socioeconomic status is related to both fertility behaviours and to long-term health. We examine the relationship between age at first birth, completed parity, and post-reproductive mortality and address the potential confounding role o…
The increase in marital status differences in mortality up to the oldest age in seven European countries, 1990–99
We investigate mortality differentials by marital status among older age groups using a database of mortality rates by marital status at ages 40 and over for seven European countries with 1 billion person-years of exposure. The mortality advantage of married people, both men and women, continues to increase up to at least the age group 85-89, the oldest group we are able to consider. We find the largest absolute differences in mortality levels be…
Contact between Adult Children and Their Parents in Great Britain 1986-99
Three nationally representative British data sets have been used to analyse trends and differentials in contact between adult children aged 22-54 years and their non-coresident mothers and fathers. The results show that having at-least-weekly contact is positively associated with children being female, lower levels of education, and living in the North, and negatively associated with age, number of siblings, and being a tenant in the privately re…
Marital Status and Long-Term Illness in Great Britain
This study investigates the relationship between health and marital status, focusing particularly on older persons, using data on reported long-term illness rates from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) drawn from the British Census. Until about age 70, long-term illness rates are generally lowest for those in first marriage, followed by the remarried, with intermediate values for the widowed and divorced, and highest for the single. Beyond…
Pathways from fertility history to later life health: Results from analyses of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Previous research shows associations between fertility histories and later life health. The childless, those with large families, and those with a young age at entry to parenthood generally have higher mortality and worse health than parents of two or thre
The influence of socio-economic and health differences on parents' provision of help to adult children: A British–United States comparison
Transfers of assistance from older to younger family members are an important, though often ignored, component of intergenerational exchanges. The ability to help younger family members, either financially or practically, may be influenced by the health and socio-economic status of older parents, but very little is known about these patterns. This article examines the effects of socio-economic and health status on the help that late mid-life pare…
Family Life History and Late Mid-Life Mortality in Norway
Using data on all Norwegians born 1935-68, we analyze the associations between mortality and a combined indicator of fertility and marital or partnership status and history. The focus is on ages 40-73 and the years 1980-2008 (30 million person-years of observations and 117,000 deaths). Among men in first marriages, the childless have 36 percent higher mortality than those with two or more children. The corresponding figure for women is 61 percent…
Ageing and vulnerable elderly people: European perspectives
This paper considers the processes and circumstances that create vulnerability among older people, specifically to a very poor quality of life or an untimely or degrading death. Models of ageing processes are used to define vulnerable older people as those whose reserve capacity falls below the threshold needed to cope successfully with the challenges they face. Compensatory supports may intervene to mitigate the effects of challenges and to rebu…
Promoção da saúde, epidemiologia social e capital social: Inter-Relações E Perspectivas Para a Saúde Pública
A idéia de promover saúde antecede o uso explícito do termo. No entanto, a incorporação dessa idéia e da prática no campo da saúde pública foi influenciado especialmente pela reforma de saúde iniciada no Canadá, em 1974, a qual refletiu os anseios de muitos outros preocupados com influência do meio físico e social na saúde. Essa reforma serviu de base para o lançamento de várias conferências desencadeados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, começa…
Trends in, and transitions to, institutional residence among older people in England and Wales, 1971-91
OBJECTIVES: To compare transitions from private households to institutions between 1971-81 and 1981-91 among elderly people and see whether (1) differentials in the risk of institutionalisation changed and (2) whether the risk was higher in the second period. DESIGN: Cross sequential analysis of data from the Office of National Statistics longitudinal study, a record linkage study which included individual level data from three national censuses,…
Fertility History and Cognition in Later Life
Associations between fertility history and cognition were to large extent accounted for socioeconomic position, partly because this influenced health and social engagement. Poorer cognition in childless people and better cognition among mothers experiencing child birth at higher ages suggest factors related to childbearing/rearing that are beneficial for later cognitive functioning, although further research into possible earlier selection factor…
Co-residence of mid-life children with their elderly parents in England and Wales: Changes between 1981 and 1991
It is known that there have been large declines in the proportion of elderly people living in intergenerational households. Much less is known about trends in the proportion of adult children living with elderly parents. Here I show a large decline between 1981 and 1991 in the proportion of mid-life adults living with an elderly parent or parent-in-law in England and Wales. Declines in co-residence were higher among more advantaged groups so that…
Lifelong Socio Economic Position and biomarkers of later life health: Testing the contribution of competing hypotheses
The relative contribution of early or later life Socio Economic Position (SEP) to later life health is not fully understood and there are alternative hypotheses about the pathways through which they may influence health. We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing with a formal approach for the identification of mediating factors in order to investigate alternative hypotheses about life course influences on biomarkers of later life…
Intergenerational interaction, social capital and health: Results from a randomised controlled trial in Brazil
Limiting Long-Term Illness and Household Structure among People Aged 45 and over, Great Britain 1991
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between health and household composition among older people. The 1 per cent and 2 per cent SARs (Samples of Anonymised Records) drawn from 1991 British Census data were used to examine the frequency of a limiting long-term illness among older people according to different types of living arrangements. These data include the population in institutions and our results show that …
Divorce, widowhood, remarriage and geographic mobility among women
Data from the 1971 Census records included in the OPCS Longitudinal Study were used to examine the relationship between geographic mobility and marriage termination and remarriage. Remarried women had high rates of mobility and there seemed to be a clear ‘excess’ of moves made around the time of remarriage, shortly after the end of the first marriage. There was a suggestion too of a peak in movements following widowhood but no indication of exces…
Migration during early married life
Migration and fertility behaviour in England and Wales: A record linkage study
Relationships between migration and fertility are examined, using data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study of England and Wales, including linked information from the 1971 and 1981 Censuses and birth registration data for the period 1971–80. The results showed that the proportion moving between the 1971 Census and the first subsequent birth was higher among tenants than owner occupiers, particularly for women in shared accommodation in 1971. The ass…
Household Change and Migration among the Elderly in England and Wales
La migration et les changements dans la composition des ménages en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles : 1971-1981. Dans la première partie de l'article, quelques données d'une étude longitudinale faite par Y Office of Population Censuses and Surveys servent à illustrer des changements dans la distribution de la population âgée selon la composition des ménages entre 1971 et 1981. Les variations régionales en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles sont ensui…
Retirement Migration and its Consequences in England and Wales
Analyses are presented of data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Study; a record linkage study in which one per cent of the 1971 Census population has been followed up using routinely collected demographic data. The data set includes the 1981 Census records of sample members. The results show that between 1970–1 and 1980–1 there was a fall in migration in the retirement age groups. In both periods there were d…
Our Aging Society
Singular Paths: Old Men Living Alone
Later Phases of the Family Cycle: Demographic Aspects
Geographic Variations in Moves into Institutions among the Elderly in England and Wales
Data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Study have been used to examine geographic variations in the proportions of elderly people in private households in 1971 but resident in institutions 10 years later. Regional differences in this indicator of institutionalisation were generally small, as was the effect of net inter-regional migration among those in a private household in 1971 but in an institution in 1981.…
History of Old Age
Ageing: Age-Related Change in Later Life
(1991). Ageing: Age-Related Change in Later Life. Population Studies: Vol. 45, No. sup1, pp. 133-156
Socio-Demographic Variations in Rates of Movement into Institutions Among Elderly People in England and Wales: An Analysis of Linked Census and Mortality Data 1971–1985
Data from the 1971 and 1981 census records of the OPCS Longitudinal Study (LS) members have been used to examine socio-demographic variations in the proportions of elderly people who lived in private households in 1971, but in institutions ten years later. Information on deaths of sample members 1971–85 has also been used as an indicator of the health status of various sub-groups of the LS population. The results show institutionalization rates t…
Co-residence between Adult Children and their Elderly Parents in England and Wales
Co-residence between adult children aged 35 or more and their elderly parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law has been investigated using data from the Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Survey and the 1985 General Household Survey supplement on informal carers. Overall 4 per cent of adults lived with a parent or parent-in-law but this proportion varied considerably with age, marital status and gender. Socio-economic differen…
Moves into Supported Private Households among Elderly People in England and Wales
Data from the Longitudinal Study (LS) of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys have been used to examine differentials in the proportion of elderly people living in 'independent' households (alone or with only a spouse) in 1971 but in 'supported' households (with relatives or friends) ten years later. Overall, 6% of men and 8% of women aged 65 years or over in 1971 and then in independent households were by 1981 living in a supported priv…
Changes in life satisfaction over a two and a half year period among very elderly people living in London
Elderly Migration and Population Redistribution
Associations with Changes in Level of Functional Ability. Results from a Follow-up Survey at Two and a Half Years of People Aged 85 Years and Over at Baseline Interview
This paper describes association with changes in functional ability among very elderly people who were interviewed first in 1987 when they were aged 85+, and followed-up in 1990. It focuses, in particular, on those with severe difficulties with ADL. It was notable that while those with chronic problems with disability used more health and social services, few received services specific to rehabilitation and social support (e.g. physiotherapy, occ…
Forecasting the Health of Elderly Populations
Changes in network composition among older people living in inner London and Essex
Changes in network composition among the very old living in inner London
Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth
Limiting Long-Term Illness and Household Structure among People Aged 45 and over, Great Britain 1991
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between health and household composition among older people. The 1 per cent and 2 per cent SARs (Samples of Anonymised Records) drawn from 1991 British Census data were used to examine the frequency of a limiting long-term illness among older people according to different types of living arrangements. These data include the population in institutions and our results show that …
Demography and Gerontology: Mortality Trends Among the Oldest Old
This paper provides a brief introduction to demography and population science and the newly emerged subfield of the demography of ageing. Links with gerontology are explored. Recent work on mortality at very high ages and on the black-white mortality ‘cross-over’ reported from the United States is then reviewed. These topics are important substantively and theoretically and also serve to illustrate demographic approaches to data and data analysis…
Trends in, and transitions to, institutional residence among older people in England and Wales, 1971-91
OBJECTIVES: To compare transitions from private households to institutions between 1971-81 and 1981-91 among elderly people and see whether (1) differentials in the risk of institutionalisation changed and (2) whether the risk was higher in the second period. DESIGN: Cross sequential analysis of data from the Office of National Statistics longitudinal study, a record linkage study which included individual level data from three national censuses,…
Young v. Old: Generational Combat in the 21st Century
Medicine (73 works) · Sociology (66 works) · Demography (65 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (60 works) · Psychology (59 works) · Population (57 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (53 works) · Gerontology (51 works) · Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies (35 works) · Demography (33 works)