R G Record
Biographic Data
| ID | 1591975 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R G Record |
| GIVEN NAMES | R G |
| FAMILY NAME | Record |
| SIGNATURE | RECORD R G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Birmingham |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 93 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 24 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1949 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Relationship between childhood infections and measured intelligence
The possibility that some of the common childhood infections lead to unrecognized impairments of neurological function was examined in 43 820 Birmingham children whose intelligence was assessed in the 11-plus examination. Mean verbal reasoning scores were lower for children who had had measles or pertussis than for those who had had neither of these diseases. However, since attack rates and measured intelligence are related inversely to social cl…
The influence of the birth of a malformed child on the mother's further reproduction
Births which occurred in Birmingham in 1964-70 were assembled into fraternities by computer linkage. By calculating the frequency with which one birth was followed by another and the interval between births the reproductive behavior of mothers after the birth of a malformed child was compared with that of all mothers, taking account of differences in maternal age, parity, and period of observation. It was found that malformations which resulted i…
An interpretation of the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the twentieth century
National mortality statistics were analysed to assess the contribution made by different causes of death to the decline of mortality between 1901 and 1971. Reduced mortality from infectious diseases accounted for about three-quarters of the decrease. The main influence was considered to be improved nutrition, particularly in the case of airborne infections. Reduced exposure to microorganisms, especially those causing gastro-intestinal disease, al…
An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe
This paper has two aims. One is to outline an interpretation of the modern rise of population, based on the experience of England and Wales. This interpretation1 was derived from investigations of population growth in the eighteenth2 and nineteenth centuries3 undertaken, it seems to us in restrospect, in the wrong order. The other aim is to examine the credibility of the interpretation in the light of the different circumstances which existed in …
Seasonal incidence of anencephalus
According to the most recent figures, anencephalus has become the second most common cause of stillbirth in England and Wales and the commonest in Scotland. The most revealing data are those published by the Registrar-General for Scotland, where causes of stillbirth have been registered since 1939 (22 years longer than in England and Wales). Between 1939 and 1963 they show a halving of the overall stillbirth rate and a slight increase in the inci…
Prevalence of and Mortality from Coronary Artery Disease in Men
It is generally believed that the frequency of coronary artery disease has increased greatly during the present century in all countries which enjoy a high standard of living. The most recent statistics published by the Registrar General show that, in England and Wales in 1962, it was the major cause of death in men in every age group from 40 to 79 and accounted for almost a quarter of all deaths of men aged 30 and over (Table I). It now surpasse…
Sources of Seasonal Variation in Recorded Length of Gestation
An examination of the birth records of New York City for the years 1957-59 reported by Hewitt (1961) indicated that pregnancies which terminated in the summer months tended to be of shorter duration than those which terminated in the winter. February births showed the longest gestations and August births the shortest, the estimated difference being between one and two days. It seemed important to decide whether this fluctuation had a biological o…
Reasons for the decline of mortality in england and wales during the nineteenth century
Five diseases or disease groups accounted for almost the whole of the reduction in mortality between 1851–60 and 1891–1900: tuberculosis (all forms), 47.2 per cent; typhus, enteric fever and simple continued fever, 22.9 per cent; scarlet fever, 20.3 per cent; diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera, 8.9 per cent; and smallpox, 6.1 per cent. In order of their relative Importance the Influences responsible for the decline were: (a) a rising standard of li…
Anencephalus in Scotland
Environmental Influences Related to the Aetiology of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
Congenital dislocation of the hip has been recog-nized for many centuries and has given rise to a literature so extensive that a comprehensive review-cannot be attempted here. The condition was des-cribed and named by Hippocrates, who suggested uterine pressure and birth trauma as possible causes. Pare published a more detailed description of the defect and recognized its occasional hereditary nature. Extensive clinical and pathological studies w…
An Examination of Fertility of Women following Pregnancy according to Height and Weight
Although there is reason to believe that differential fertility of biological origin helps to maintain genetic stability, it is by no means easy to obtain acceptable evidence of this phenomenon in man. There are at least two difficulties. In the first place it is techni-cally difficult to record the subsequent fertility of individuals on whom a character such as intelligence, stature, weight etc. has been measured. What is usually noted is the co…
Investigation of Foetal Mortality associated with Placenta Praevia
It is well known that a considerable part of the foetal mortality in placenta praevia is attributable to prematurity, which is usually assessed on the basis of weight. The low weight is at least partly explained by the short gestation, but the possibility that it also results from retardation of foetal growth deserves attention. The decidua of the lower uterine segment is believed to be less vascular than that of the upper segment, and, although …
Observations related to the Aetiology of Placenta Praevia with Special Reference to the Influence of Age and Parity
It is generally accepted that the frequency of placenta praevia is higher among multigravidae than among primigravidae. This observation has prompted the suggestion that low implantation of the ovum is a result of functional or structural changes in the uterus resulting from repeated pregnancies (Solomons and Canter, 1932; Davis and Campbell, 1946; Shaw, 1947; Findley, 1951). It is possible, however, that the association of placenta praevia with …
Maternal Age and Birth Rank in the Aetiology of Mongolism
The association beween the incidence of mongolism and maternal age and birth rank was examined by comparing a series of 217 mongoloid infants born in 1942-52 in Birmingham England with a control group of 1156 infants representative of all births in the city during this period. The incidence of mongolism clearly increased with maternal age from a low of 0.31/1000 in the 15-19 and 20-24 year maternal age group to a high of 9.99/1000 in the 45-49 ye…
Fertility and Reproductive History of Mothers of Mongoloid Defectives
Difference 0-22 Four mothers ofmongols and two control mothers wre unmarid. Age at marriage was not recorded for one control mother
Incidence, Mortality, and Sex Distribution of Mongoloid Defectives
Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated co- and post-transcriptional process contributing to the transcriptome diversity observed in eukaryotes. Several methods for detecting differential junction usage (DJU) from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets exist. Yet, efforts to integrate the results from DJU methods are lacking. Here, we present Baltica, a framework that provides workflows for quality control, de novo transcriptome assembly with Stri…
Influence of the Pre-Natal Environment on Post-Natal Growth
The pre-natal environment may modify the state of development of the child at birth by influencing the rate or duration of pre-natal growth. Size of litter, for example, has a substantial effect on both, for in multiple pregnancy foetal growth is retarded during the last weeks of gestation, and onset of labour is earlier than in single pregnancy (McKeown and Record, 1952). Parity also influences the rate of foetal growth, which is greater in late…
Relative Frequencies and Sex Distributions of Human Multiple Births
Hellin (1895) published evidence indicating that the relative frequencies of multiple births conform to a simple mathematical relationship which may be expressed thus
Secular Changes in the Incidence of Malformations of the Central Nervous System
In a previous communication (Record and McKeown, 1949) it was noted that in Birmingham the incidence of anencephalus and spina bifida decreased during the years 1940-47, while the incidence of hydrocephalus remained fairly constant. It was tentatively suggested that this decrease might be correlated with changes in the parity distribution of births, since it was shown that the incidence of anen cephalus and spina bifida is associated with birth o…
Risk of Stillbirth in Twin Pregnancy Related to Sex and Maternal Age
Congenital Pyloric Stenosis
For investigation of certain aspects of the aetiology of the congenital mal-formations we require information about (a) a representative collection of affected individuals, (b) the population of births from which the malformed individuals are drawn. In the case of pyloric stenosis, the collection of this information now raises no insuperable difficulty, and if knowledge (of such matters as the association of the malformation with maternal age and…
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
In a previous communication (Record and McKeown, 1949) we described an investigation of 930 consecutive malformations of the central nervous system certified as the causes of stillbirths or of first year deaths in the City of Birmingham in the years 1940-1947. Certain data were available for all these malformations in the Maternity and Child Welfare Department's records; additional information was obtained by home visits from 742 mothers of 755t …
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
Using data for the City of Birmingham, we previously estimated the incidence of malformations of the central nervous system in sibs born after a first malformed propositus as 5* 18 per cent., about nine times the incidence (0 59 per cent.) in all notified births (Record and McKeown, 1950).In arriving at this estimate we included fraternities of two kinds: (a) those in which the first malformed individual was born within the period covered Iy the …
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
were cerebrospinal
Reasons for the decline of mortality in england and wales during the nineteenth century
Five diseases or disease groups accounted for almost the whole of the reduction in mortality between 1851–60 and 1891–1900: tuberculosis (all forms), 47.2 per cent; typhus, enteric fever and simple continued fever, 22.9 per cent; scarlet fever, 20.3 per cent; diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera, 8.9 per cent; and smallpox, 6.1 per cent. In order of their relative Importance the Influences responsible for the decline were: (a) a rising standard of li…
An interpretation of the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the twentieth century
National mortality statistics were analysed to assess the contribution made by different causes of death to the decline of mortality between 1901 and 1971. Reduced mortality from infectious diseases accounted for about three-quarters of the decrease. The main influence was considered to be improved nutrition, particularly in the case of airborne infections. Reduced exposure to microorganisms, especially those causing gastro-intestinal disease, al…
An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe
This paper has two aims. One is to outline an interpretation of the modern rise of population, based on the experience of England and Wales. This interpretation1 was derived from investigations of population growth in the eighteenth2 and nineteenth centuries3 undertaken, it seems to us in restrospect, in the wrong order. The other aim is to examine the credibility of the interpretation in the light of the different circumstances which existed in …
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
were cerebrospinal
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
In a previous communication (Record and McKeown, 1949) we described an investigation of 930 consecutive malformations of the central nervous system certified as the causes of stillbirths or of first year deaths in the City of Birmingham in the years 1940-1947. Certain data were available for all these malformations in the Maternity and Child Welfare Department's records; additional information was obtained by home visits from 742 mothers of 755t …
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
Using data for the City of Birmingham, we previously estimated the incidence of malformations of the central nervous system in sibs born after a first malformed propositus as 5* 18 per cent., about nine times the incidence (0 59 per cent.) in all notified births (Record and McKeown, 1950).In arriving at this estimate we included fraternities of two kinds: (a) those in which the first malformed individual was born within the period covered Iy the …
Secular Changes in the Incidence of Malformations of the Central Nervous System
In a previous communication (Record and McKeown, 1949) it was noted that in Birmingham the incidence of anencephalus and spina bifida decreased during the years 1940-47, while the incidence of hydrocephalus remained fairly constant. It was tentatively suggested that this decrease might be correlated with changes in the parity distribution of births, since it was shown that the incidence of anen cephalus and spina bifida is associated with birth o…
Risk of Stillbirth in Twin Pregnancy Related to Sex and Maternal Age
Congenital Pyloric Stenosis
For investigation of certain aspects of the aetiology of the congenital mal-formations we require information about (a) a representative collection of affected individuals, (b) the population of births from which the malformed individuals are drawn. In the case of pyloric stenosis, the collection of this information now raises no insuperable difficulty, and if knowledge (of such matters as the association of the malformation with maternal age and…
Relative Frequencies and Sex Distributions of Human Multiple Births
Hellin (1895) published evidence indicating that the relative frequencies of multiple births conform to a simple mathematical relationship which may be expressed thus
Influence of the Pre-Natal Environment on Post-Natal Growth
The pre-natal environment may modify the state of development of the child at birth by influencing the rate or duration of pre-natal growth. Size of litter, for example, has a substantial effect on both, for in multiple pregnancy foetal growth is retarded during the last weeks of gestation, and onset of labour is earlier than in single pregnancy (McKeown and Record, 1952). Parity also influences the rate of foetal growth, which is greater in late…
Maternal Age and Birth Rank in the Aetiology of Mongolism
The association beween the incidence of mongolism and maternal age and birth rank was examined by comparing a series of 217 mongoloid infants born in 1942-52 in Birmingham England with a control group of 1156 infants representative of all births in the city during this period. The incidence of mongolism clearly increased with maternal age from a low of 0.31/1000 in the 15-19 and 20-24 year maternal age group to a high of 9.99/1000 in the 45-49 ye…
Fertility and Reproductive History of Mothers of Mongoloid Defectives
Difference 0-22 Four mothers ofmongols and two control mothers wre unmarid. Age at marriage was not recorded for one control mother
Incidence, Mortality, and Sex Distribution of Mongoloid Defectives
Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated co- and post-transcriptional process contributing to the transcriptome diversity observed in eukaryotes. Several methods for detecting differential junction usage (DJU) from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets exist. Yet, efforts to integrate the results from DJU methods are lacking. Here, we present Baltica, a framework that provides workflows for quality control, de novo transcriptome assembly with Stri…
Investigation of Foetal Mortality associated with Placenta Praevia
It is well known that a considerable part of the foetal mortality in placenta praevia is attributable to prematurity, which is usually assessed on the basis of weight. The low weight is at least partly explained by the short gestation, but the possibility that it also results from retardation of foetal growth deserves attention. The decidua of the lower uterine segment is believed to be less vascular than that of the upper segment, and, although …
Observations related to the Aetiology of Placenta Praevia with Special Reference to the Influence of Age and Parity
It is generally accepted that the frequency of placenta praevia is higher among multigravidae than among primigravidae. This observation has prompted the suggestion that low implantation of the ovum is a result of functional or structural changes in the uterus resulting from repeated pregnancies (Solomons and Canter, 1932; Davis and Campbell, 1946; Shaw, 1947; Findley, 1951). It is possible, however, that the association of placenta praevia with …
An Examination of Fertility of Women following Pregnancy according to Height and Weight
Although there is reason to believe that differential fertility of biological origin helps to maintain genetic stability, it is by no means easy to obtain acceptable evidence of this phenomenon in man. There are at least two difficulties. In the first place it is techni-cally difficult to record the subsequent fertility of individuals on whom a character such as intelligence, stature, weight etc. has been measured. What is usually noted is the co…
Environmental Influences Related to the Aetiology of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
Congenital dislocation of the hip has been recog-nized for many centuries and has given rise to a literature so extensive that a comprehensive review-cannot be attempted here. The condition was des-cribed and named by Hippocrates, who suggested uterine pressure and birth trauma as possible causes. Pare published a more detailed description of the defect and recognized its occasional hereditary nature. Extensive clinical and pathological studies w…
Anencephalus in Scotland
Reasons for the decline of mortality in england and wales during the nineteenth century
Five diseases or disease groups accounted for almost the whole of the reduction in mortality between 1851–60 and 1891–1900: tuberculosis (all forms), 47.2 per cent; typhus, enteric fever and simple continued fever, 22.9 per cent; scarlet fever, 20.3 per cent; diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera, 8.9 per cent; and smallpox, 6.1 per cent. In order of their relative Importance the Influences responsible for the decline were: (a) a rising standard of li…
Sources of Seasonal Variation in Recorded Length of Gestation
An examination of the birth records of New York City for the years 1957-59 reported by Hewitt (1961) indicated that pregnancies which terminated in the summer months tended to be of shorter duration than those which terminated in the winter. February births showed the longest gestations and August births the shortest, the estimated difference being between one and two days. It seemed important to decide whether this fluctuation had a biological o…
Prevalence of and Mortality from Coronary Artery Disease in Men
It is generally believed that the frequency of coronary artery disease has increased greatly during the present century in all countries which enjoy a high standard of living. The most recent statistics published by the Registrar General show that, in England and Wales in 1962, it was the major cause of death in men in every age group from 40 to 79 and accounted for almost a quarter of all deaths of men aged 30 and over (Table I). It now surpasse…
Seasonal incidence of anencephalus
According to the most recent figures, anencephalus has become the second most common cause of stillbirth in England and Wales and the commonest in Scotland. The most revealing data are those published by the Registrar-General for Scotland, where causes of stillbirth have been registered since 1939 (22 years longer than in England and Wales). Between 1939 and 1963 they show a halving of the overall stillbirth rate and a slight increase in the inci…
An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe
This paper has two aims. One is to outline an interpretation of the modern rise of population, based on the experience of England and Wales. This interpretation1 was derived from investigations of population growth in the eighteenth2 and nineteenth centuries3 undertaken, it seems to us in restrospect, in the wrong order. The other aim is to examine the credibility of the interpretation in the light of the different circumstances which existed in …
The influence of the birth of a malformed child on the mother's further reproduction
Births which occurred in Birmingham in 1964-70 were assembled into fraternities by computer linkage. By calculating the frequency with which one birth was followed by another and the interval between births the reproductive behavior of mothers after the birth of a malformed child was compared with that of all mothers, taking account of differences in maternal age, parity, and period of observation. It was found that malformations which resulted i…
An interpretation of the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the twentieth century
National mortality statistics were analysed to assess the contribution made by different causes of death to the decline of mortality between 1901 and 1971. Reduced mortality from infectious diseases accounted for about three-quarters of the decrease. The main influence was considered to be improved nutrition, particularly in the case of airborne infections. Reduced exposure to microorganisms, especially those causing gastro-intestinal disease, al…
Relationship between childhood infections and measured intelligence
The possibility that some of the common childhood infections lead to unrecognized impairments of neurological function was examined in 43 820 Birmingham children whose intelligence was assessed in the 11-plus examination. Mean verbal reasoning scores were lower for children who had had measles or pertussis than for those who had had neither of these diseases. However, since attack rates and measured intelligence are related inversely to social cl…
Medicine (22 works) · Pregnancy (13 works) · Obstetrics (10 works) · Pediatrics (10 works) · Pediatrics (10 works) · Population (10 works) · Demography (8 works) · Environmental health (7 works) · Fetus (7 works) · Internal Medicine (7 works)