Ute Gabriel
Biographic Data
| ID | 159942 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ute Gabriel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ute |
| FAMILY NAME | Gabriel |
| SIGNATURE | GABRIEL U |
| AFFILIATIONS | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6360-4969 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 52 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 16 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Beyond She and He
In recent years, gender-neutral pronouns have emerged in different languages. We review current research on their emergence and offer an interdisciplinary framework for studying and understanding gender-neutral pronouns. Our framework is aimed at sparking and guiding interdisciplinary research on gender-neutral pronouns. The framework incorporates (cross-)linguistic and cognitive aspects of the function, use and processing of gender-neutral prono…
The role of self-efficacy and social belonging in Norwegian upper secondary students’ interest in gendered occupations
This study examined how self-efficacy and expected social belonging influence Norwegian upper secondary students’ interest in gender-dominated and gender-balanced occupations. A survey of 205 students assessed their self-efficacy, expected social belonging, and vocational interest for 12 occupations presented with short descriptions. Results indicated a preference for gender-matching occupations: girls showed more interest in women-dominated occu…
Stimulus Selection Based on Gender Ratios
This paper explores how the use of gender ratios to inform stimulus selection affects the activation of gendered social information. It investigates if stimuli selected this way can activate gender stereotype knowledge and/or conceptual gender knowledge. This was tested through attribute naming (Study 1) and rating (Study 2) tasks, with component and regression analysis allowing for examination of the nature of gender ratios at both attribute and…
The masculine form in grammatically gendered languages and its multiple interpretations
Neutralising linguistic sexism
The generic use of grammatically (or lexically) gender-marked nouns and pronouns (GM) to refer to women and men in Indo-European languages has been criticised as gender-asymmetric since the 1970s. Two main strategies for eliminating asymmetry have been suggested: visibility by feminisation and de-gendering by neutralisation. Feminisation strategies seek to contribute to women’s visibility in discourse by explicitly and symmetrically referring to …
Stereotype or grammar? The representation of gender when two-year-old and three-year-old French-speaking toddlers listen to role nouns
Using a preferential looking paradigm, the current study examined the role that grammatical gender plays when preschool French-speaking toddlers process role nouns in the masculine form (e.g., chanteurs masculine ‘singers’). While being auditorily prompted with “Look at the ‘a role noun’!”, two- and three-year-olds were presented with two pictures of two characters (‘boy–boy’ versus ‘girl–boy’) with attributes of the given role noun (e.g., singer…
Altering Male-Dominant Representations
The generic use of masculine plural forms in grammatical gender languages has been criticized for activating unequal gender representations that are male dominant. The present study examined whether the recently introduced gender-neutral forms of nominalized adjectives and participles in German provide references that induce more balanced representations. We used cross-linguistic differences as a means to illustrate the flexibility of the gender …
How immigrant students’ self-views at school relate to different patterns of first and second language use
Actual and Potential Gender-Fair Language Use
In two paper-and-pencil studies on university students and trainees, we studied how general language competence and the motivation to use accurate language are linked to people's actual and potential gender-fair language use. Overall, participants' actual gender-fair language use was lower than their potential. The higher the participants' language competence, the higher their potential. Trainees' actual gender-fair language use was predicted by …
Gender Representation in Different Languages and Grammatical Marking on Pronouns
Gygax, Gabriel, Sarrasin, Oakhill, and Garnham (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form) but is based on stereotypical information in English. In this study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three languages, pronouns dif…
Generically intended, but specifically interpreted
The influence of stereotype and grammatical information (masculine intended as generic) on the representation of gender in language was investigated using a sentence evaluation paradigm. The first sentence introduced a role name (e.g., The spies came out ...) and the second sentence contained explicit information about the gender of one or more of the characters (e.g., ...one of the women ...). The experiment was conducted in French, German, and …
Language Policies and In-group Favoritism
This study investigates the influence of sex of respondent, context valence, and type of generic on the naming of female personalities in Norway where the feminine suffixing has dropped away in reaction to the problem of linguistic sexism. A total of 162 participants were asked to name either their most- or least-liked personalities. The survey employed either the generic form only or the generic form together with the obsolete feminine forms. Ad…
The Psychology of Fear of Crime. Conceptual and Methodological Perspectives
Since the very beginnings of research on the fear of crime in the early 1970s, authors have emphasized the need for theoretical clarification of the meaning and measurement of the concept.The present article outlines a theory of fear of crime from the psychological perspective.In particular, psychological concepts of emotions, most notably the state/trait distinction and the notion of emotions as involving multiple components, are applied to fear…
The Psychology of Fear of Crime. Conceptual and Methodological Perspectives
Since the very beginnings of research on the fear of crime in the early 1970s, authors have emphasized the need for theoretical clarification of the meaning and measurement of the concept. The present article outlines a theory of fear of crime from the psychological perspective. In particular, psychological concepts of emotions, most notably the state/trait distinction and the notion of emotions as involving multiple components, are applied to fe…
Lay-Perspectives on Criminal Deviance, Goals of Punishment, and Punitivity
Perceived Sexual Orientation and Helping Behaviour
A replication of Shaw, Borough, and Fink's and Gore, Tobiasen, and Kayson's nonreactive measure of homophobia is presented. In the original study (Shaw et al.), residents of Los Angeles received an apparently wrong-number telephone call from a male caller portraying himself as either homosexual or heterosexual. His car had broken down and he was out of change at a pay phone. Therefore, he asked the subject to call his boyfriend/girlfriend. Hetero…
Neutralising linguistic sexism
The generic use of grammatically (or lexically) gender-marked nouns and pronouns (GM) to refer to women and men in Indo-European languages has been criticised as gender-asymmetric since the 1970s. Two main strategies for eliminating asymmetry have been suggested: visibility by feminisation and de-gendering by neutralisation. Feminisation strategies seek to contribute to women’s visibility in discourse by explicitly and symmetrically referring to …
Lay-Perspectives on Criminal Deviance, Goals of Punishment, and Punitivity
The masculine form in grammatically gendered languages and its multiple interpretations
Altering Male-Dominant Representations
The generic use of masculine plural forms in grammatical gender languages has been criticized for activating unequal gender representations that are male dominant. The present study examined whether the recently introduced gender-neutral forms of nominalized adjectives and participles in German provide references that induce more balanced representations. We used cross-linguistic differences as a means to illustrate the flexibility of the gender …
Actual and Potential Gender-Fair Language Use
In two paper-and-pencil studies on university students and trainees, we studied how general language competence and the motivation to use accurate language are linked to people's actual and potential gender-fair language use. Overall, participants' actual gender-fair language use was lower than their potential. The higher the participants' language competence, the higher their potential. Trainees' actual gender-fair language use was predicted by …
Gender Representation in Different Languages and Grammatical Marking on Pronouns
Gygax, Gabriel, Sarrasin, Oakhill, and Garnham (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form) but is based on stereotypical information in English. In this study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three languages, pronouns dif…
Language Policies and In-group Favoritism
This study investigates the influence of sex of respondent, context valence, and type of generic on the naming of female personalities in Norway where the feminine suffixing has dropped away in reaction to the problem of linguistic sexism. A total of 162 participants were asked to name either their most- or least-liked personalities. The survey employed either the generic form only or the generic form together with the obsolete feminine forms. Ad…
Perceived Sexual Orientation and Helping Behaviour
A replication of Shaw, Borough, and Fink's and Gore, Tobiasen, and Kayson's nonreactive measure of homophobia is presented. In the original study (Shaw et al.), residents of Los Angeles received an apparently wrong-number telephone call from a male caller portraying himself as either homosexual or heterosexual. His car had broken down and he was out of change at a pay phone. Therefore, he asked the subject to call his boyfriend/girlfriend. Hetero…
How immigrant students’ self-views at school relate to different patterns of first and second language use
Perceived Sexual Orientation and Helping Behaviour
A replication of Shaw, Borough, and Fink's and Gore, Tobiasen, and Kayson's nonreactive measure of homophobia is presented. In the original study (Shaw et al.), residents of Los Angeles received an apparently wrong-number telephone call from a male caller portraying himself as either homosexual or heterosexual. His car had broken down and he was out of change at a pay phone. Therefore, he asked the subject to call his boyfriend/girlfriend. Hetero…
Lay-Perspectives on Criminal Deviance, Goals of Punishment, and Punitivity
The Psychology of Fear of Crime. Conceptual and Methodological Perspectives
Since the very beginnings of research on the fear of crime in the early 1970s, authors have emphasized the need for theoretical clarification of the meaning and measurement of the concept.The present article outlines a theory of fear of crime from the psychological perspective.In particular, psychological concepts of emotions, most notably the state/trait distinction and the notion of emotions as involving multiple components, are applied to fear…
The Psychology of Fear of Crime. Conceptual and Methodological Perspectives
Since the very beginnings of research on the fear of crime in the early 1970s, authors have emphasized the need for theoretical clarification of the meaning and measurement of the concept. The present article outlines a theory of fear of crime from the psychological perspective. In particular, psychological concepts of emotions, most notably the state/trait distinction and the notion of emotions as involving multiple components, are applied to fe…
Generically intended, but specifically interpreted
The influence of stereotype and grammatical information (masculine intended as generic) on the representation of gender in language was investigated using a sentence evaluation paradigm. The first sentence introduced a role name (e.g., The spies came out ...) and the second sentence contained explicit information about the gender of one or more of the characters (e.g., ...one of the women ...). The experiment was conducted in French, German, and …
Language Policies and In-group Favoritism
This study investigates the influence of sex of respondent, context valence, and type of generic on the naming of female personalities in Norway where the feminine suffixing has dropped away in reaction to the problem of linguistic sexism. A total of 162 participants were asked to name either their most- or least-liked personalities. The survey employed either the generic form only or the generic form together with the obsolete feminine forms. Ad…
Gender Representation in Different Languages and Grammatical Marking on Pronouns
Gygax, Gabriel, Sarrasin, Oakhill, and Garnham (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form) but is based on stereotypical information in English. In this study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three languages, pronouns dif…
How immigrant students’ self-views at school relate to different patterns of first and second language use
Actual and Potential Gender-Fair Language Use
In two paper-and-pencil studies on university students and trainees, we studied how general language competence and the motivation to use accurate language are linked to people's actual and potential gender-fair language use. Overall, participants' actual gender-fair language use was lower than their potential. The higher the participants' language competence, the higher their potential. Trainees' actual gender-fair language use was predicted by …
Stereotype or grammar? The representation of gender when two-year-old and three-year-old French-speaking toddlers listen to role nouns
Using a preferential looking paradigm, the current study examined the role that grammatical gender plays when preschool French-speaking toddlers process role nouns in the masculine form (e.g., chanteurs masculine ‘singers’). While being auditorily prompted with “Look at the ‘a role noun’!”, two- and three-year-olds were presented with two pictures of two characters (‘boy–boy’ versus ‘girl–boy’) with attributes of the given role noun (e.g., singer…
Altering Male-Dominant Representations
The generic use of masculine plural forms in grammatical gender languages has been criticized for activating unequal gender representations that are male dominant. The present study examined whether the recently introduced gender-neutral forms of nominalized adjectives and participles in German provide references that induce more balanced representations. We used cross-linguistic differences as a means to illustrate the flexibility of the gender …
Neutralising linguistic sexism
The generic use of grammatically (or lexically) gender-marked nouns and pronouns (GM) to refer to women and men in Indo-European languages has been criticised as gender-asymmetric since the 1970s. Two main strategies for eliminating asymmetry have been suggested: visibility by feminisation and de-gendering by neutralisation. Feminisation strategies seek to contribute to women’s visibility in discourse by explicitly and symmetrically referring to …
The masculine form in grammatically gendered languages and its multiple interpretations
Stimulus Selection Based on Gender Ratios
This paper explores how the use of gender ratios to inform stimulus selection affects the activation of gendered social information. It investigates if stimuli selected this way can activate gender stereotype knowledge and/or conceptual gender knowledge. This was tested through attribute naming (Study 1) and rating (Study 2) tasks, with component and regression analysis allowing for examination of the nature of gender ratios at both attribute and…
Beyond She and He
In recent years, gender-neutral pronouns have emerged in different languages. We review current research on their emergence and offer an interdisciplinary framework for studying and understanding gender-neutral pronouns. Our framework is aimed at sparking and guiding interdisciplinary research on gender-neutral pronouns. The framework incorporates (cross-)linguistic and cognitive aspects of the function, use and processing of gender-neutral prono…
The role of self-efficacy and social belonging in Norwegian upper secondary students’ interest in gendered occupations
This study examined how self-efficacy and expected social belonging influence Norwegian upper secondary students’ interest in gender-dominated and gender-balanced occupations. A survey of 205 students assessed their self-efficacy, expected social belonging, and vocational interest for 12 occupations presented with short descriptions. Results indicated a preference for gender-matching occupations: girls showed more interest in women-dominated occu…
Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Gender Studies in Language (10 works) · Linguistics (10 works) · Grammatical Gender (5 works) · Noun (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · German (4 works) · Media, Gender, and Advertising (4 works) · Political science (4 works)