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Sarah F Small

Biographic Data

ID1600478
NAMESarah F Small
GIVEN NAMESSarah F
FAMILY NAMESmall
SIGNATURESMALL S F
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Utah
ORCID0000-0002-7458-9212
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS15
TOTAL CITATIONS13
AUTHOR COUNT15
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2022
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • The gendered effects of #MeToo and nondisclosure agreements on workplace social capital in the United States

    Sarah F Small, Laura Beltran Figueroa•ARTICLE•Review of Social Economy•2026

    The #MeToo movement sparked changes in the social structures of workplaces and in legislation. In this paper, we use American Time Use Survey data from 2003 to 2023 alongside Google Trends and state legislative data to examine how #MeToo affected workers’ daily minutes spent socializing with bosses, coworkers, and clients and whether state laws restricting nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) related to workplace harassment or discrimination shaped th…

  • Is there Time to Teach our Kids? Race, Gender, and Work Requirements for Childcare Subsidies

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Yazgı Genç et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Economics Race and…•2026

  • Gender Marker Laws and Access to Emergency Rental Assistance for Transgender Renters in the United States During Covid-19

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Housing Policy Debate•2025

    Barriers to changing gender markers on identification documents (IDs) create many economic challenges for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. In the United States, each state has different laws and processes for changing the gender marker on a state ID. Using Household Pulse Survey data, this paper investigates whether transgender renters residing in states with several hurdles to changing gender on a driver’s license had a more dif…

  • Understanding the Intellectual Traditions of Claudia Goldin’s Nobel Winning Work on Gender and its Context in Feminist Economics

    Sarah F Small, Milena Dehn et al.•ARTICLE•Review of Political Economy•2025•References: 19

  • The Value of Work since the 18th Century: Custom, Conflict, Measurement, and Theory ed. by Massimo Asta and Pedro Ramos Pinto

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•History of Political Economy•2025•References: 13

  • What Is a Feminist Approach to Research in the History of Economic Thought? Methods in the Field

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Laura Beltran Figueroa•ARTICLE•OEconomia•2025

    Despite growing literature on women in the history of economic thought and feminist economic methodology, little work has been done to outline a feminist approach to research in history of economic thought. Drawing from methods in feminist history and feminist economics, we describe two distinct approaches: (1) history of feminist economic thought, which examines the trajectory of economic thinking on patriarchy, intersectionality, and social pro…

  • What is a Feminist Quantitative Method? Opportunities for Feminist Econometrics

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 14

  • Supporting Childcare Supply in the United States: An Economic Policy Review and Research Agenda

    Yazgı Genç, Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    Childcare market failures have presented economic challenges in communities across the United States. What has prevented childcare supply from meeting demand? We examine childcare market failures in the US and discuss how they are distinct from other types of service markets. We then survey the literature on economic policies that intend to improve the childcare supply. Ultimately, our review suggests that improved worker wages, reduced bureaucra…

  • Union Coverage and Men’s Participation in Unpaid Social Reproduction in the United States

    Open Access•Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Review of Radical Political…•2024•References: 6

    Unions foster group solidarity, training individuals to think and act for the collective rather than for purely individual gain. In this article, I study the extent to which union membership is associated with men’s participation in unpaid social reproduction. Descriptive models using American Time Use Surveys indicate that, on average, men with union coverage dedicate more time to unpaid care of household members compared to men without. I offer…

  • The Political Economy of Hegemonic Masculinity: Race, Income, and Housework in the United States

    Open Access•Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Review of Radical Political…•2023

    Macrocultural dynamics of hegemonic masculinity complicate microeconomic negotiations. In this article, I examine hegemonic masculinity as an explanatory framework to understand how gendered work in households differs along income and race dimensions. I use Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to demonstrate how men of different race and income groups respond to their female partner out-earning them, an economic threat to masculinity. Results indi…

  • Has the Feminist Economics Intellectual Project Lost its Way? An Analysis of the Journal’s Evolution

    Sarah F Small, Elissa Braunstein•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    This article analyzes the methodologies, scope, and impact of manuscripts submitted to and published in Feminist Economics from 1995 to 2019. The analysis finds that in addition to becoming increasingly empirical, Feminist Economics publications have also become increasingly intersectional. However, quantitative empirical submissions, relative to other methodological approaches, are more likely to be desk rejected and less likely to be eventually…

  • Patriarchal Rent Seeking in Entrepreneurial Households: An Examination of Business Ownership and Housework Burdens in Black and White US Couples

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 12

    This article studies the relationship between unpaid housework and business ownership in the United States. To examine this empirically, it uses Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data from 1985 to 2019 to document patterns in household production among business-owning households, with a special focus on Black and White opposite-sex couples in the United States. Descriptive evidence suggests that in married White couples, husbands face lower h…

  • Immigrant Women and the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Intersectional Analysis of Frontline Occupational Crowding in the United States

    Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers et al.•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    This paper examines changes in occupational crowding of immigrant women in frontline industries in the United States during the onset of COVID-19, and we contextualize their experiences against the backdrop of broader race-based and gender-based occupational crowding. Building on the occupational crowding hypothesis, which suggests that marginalized workers are crowded in a small number of occupations to prop up wages of socially-privileged worke…

  • The gendered effects of investing in physical and social infrastructure

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers•ARTICLE•World Development•2023•Cited by: 5•References: 9

  • Tracing Barbara Bergmann's Occupational Crowding Hypothesis: A Recent History

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•History of Political Economy•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 48

    Barbara Bergmann was well known for many contributions to economics, but she was perhaps most famous for her 1971 occupational crowding hypothesis. The hypothesis was published during a surge of literature on the economics of discrimination, and it temporarily stood among the mainstream neoclassical theories before being relegated primarily to feminist and stratification economics. This article situates the crowding hypothesis among contemporary …

  • The gendered effects of investing in physical and social infrastructure

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers•ARTICLE•World Development•2023•Cited by: 5•References: 9

  • Tracing Barbara Bergmann's Occupational Crowding Hypothesis: A Recent History

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•History of Political Economy•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 48

    Barbara Bergmann was well known for many contributions to economics, but she was perhaps most famous for her 1971 occupational crowding hypothesis. The hypothesis was published during a surge of literature on the economics of discrimination, and it temporarily stood among the mainstream neoclassical theories before being relegated primarily to feminist and stratification economics. This article situates the crowding hypothesis among contemporary …

  • What is a Feminist Quantitative Method? Opportunities for Feminist Econometrics

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 14

  • Supporting Childcare Supply in the United States: An Economic Policy Review and Research Agenda

    Yazgı Genç, Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    Childcare market failures have presented economic challenges in communities across the United States. What has prevented childcare supply from meeting demand? We examine childcare market failures in the US and discuss how they are distinct from other types of service markets. We then survey the literature on economic policies that intend to improve the childcare supply. Ultimately, our review suggests that improved worker wages, reduced bureaucra…

  • Has the Feminist Economics Intellectual Project Lost its Way? An Analysis of the Journal’s Evolution

    Sarah F Small, Elissa Braunstein•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    This article analyzes the methodologies, scope, and impact of manuscripts submitted to and published in Feminist Economics from 1995 to 2019. The analysis finds that in addition to becoming increasingly empirical, Feminist Economics publications have also become increasingly intersectional. However, quantitative empirical submissions, relative to other methodological approaches, are more likely to be desk rejected and less likely to be eventually…

  • Patriarchal Rent Seeking in Entrepreneurial Households: An Examination of Business Ownership and Housework Burdens in Black and White US Couples

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 12

    This article studies the relationship between unpaid housework and business ownership in the United States. To examine this empirically, it uses Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data from 1985 to 2019 to document patterns in household production among business-owning households, with a special focus on Black and White opposite-sex couples in the United States. Descriptive evidence suggests that in married White couples, husbands face lower h…

  • Immigrant Women and the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Intersectional Analysis of Frontline Occupational Crowding in the United States

    Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers et al.•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    This paper examines changes in occupational crowding of immigrant women in frontline industries in the United States during the onset of COVID-19, and we contextualize their experiences against the backdrop of broader race-based and gender-based occupational crowding. Building on the occupational crowding hypothesis, which suggests that marginalized workers are crowded in a small number of occupations to prop up wages of socially-privileged worke…

  • Tracing Barbara Bergmann's Occupational Crowding Hypothesis: A Recent History

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•History of Political Economy•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 48

    Barbara Bergmann was well known for many contributions to economics, but she was perhaps most famous for her 1971 occupational crowding hypothesis. The hypothesis was published during a surge of literature on the economics of discrimination, and it temporarily stood among the mainstream neoclassical theories before being relegated primarily to feminist and stratification economics. This article situates the crowding hypothesis among contemporary …

  • The Political Economy of Hegemonic Masculinity: Race, Income, and Housework in the United States

    Open Access•Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Review of Radical Political…•2023

    Macrocultural dynamics of hegemonic masculinity complicate microeconomic negotiations. In this article, I examine hegemonic masculinity as an explanatory framework to understand how gendered work in households differs along income and race dimensions. I use Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to demonstrate how men of different race and income groups respond to their female partner out-earning them, an economic threat to masculinity. Results indi…

  • Has the Feminist Economics Intellectual Project Lost its Way? An Analysis of the Journal’s Evolution

    Sarah F Small, Elissa Braunstein•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 32

    This article analyzes the methodologies, scope, and impact of manuscripts submitted to and published in Feminist Economics from 1995 to 2019. The analysis finds that in addition to becoming increasingly empirical, Feminist Economics publications have also become increasingly intersectional. However, quantitative empirical submissions, relative to other methodological approaches, are more likely to be desk rejected and less likely to be eventually…

  • Patriarchal Rent Seeking in Entrepreneurial Households: An Examination of Business Ownership and Housework Burdens in Black and White US Couples

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 12

    This article studies the relationship between unpaid housework and business ownership in the United States. To examine this empirically, it uses Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data from 1985 to 2019 to document patterns in household production among business-owning households, with a special focus on Black and White opposite-sex couples in the United States. Descriptive evidence suggests that in married White couples, husbands face lower h…

  • Immigrant Women and the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Intersectional Analysis of Frontline Occupational Crowding in the United States

    Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers et al.•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    This paper examines changes in occupational crowding of immigrant women in frontline industries in the United States during the onset of COVID-19, and we contextualize their experiences against the backdrop of broader race-based and gender-based occupational crowding. Building on the occupational crowding hypothesis, which suggests that marginalized workers are crowded in a small number of occupations to prop up wages of socially-privileged worke…

  • The gendered effects of investing in physical and social infrastructure

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers•ARTICLE•World Development•2023•Cited by: 5•References: 9

  • What is a Feminist Quantitative Method? Opportunities for Feminist Econometrics

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Feminist Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 14

  • Supporting Childcare Supply in the United States: An Economic Policy Review and Research Agenda

    Yazgı Genç, Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Forum for Social Economics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    Childcare market failures have presented economic challenges in communities across the United States. What has prevented childcare supply from meeting demand? We examine childcare market failures in the US and discuss how they are distinct from other types of service markets. We then survey the literature on economic policies that intend to improve the childcare supply. Ultimately, our review suggests that improved worker wages, reduced bureaucra…

  • Union Coverage and Men’s Participation in Unpaid Social Reproduction in the United States

    Open Access•Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Review of Radical Political…•2024•References: 6

    Unions foster group solidarity, training individuals to think and act for the collective rather than for purely individual gain. In this article, I study the extent to which union membership is associated with men’s participation in unpaid social reproduction. Descriptive models using American Time Use Surveys indicate that, on average, men with union coverage dedicate more time to unpaid care of household members compared to men without. I offer…

  • Gender Marker Laws and Access to Emergency Rental Assistance for Transgender Renters in the United States During Covid-19

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•Housing Policy Debate•2025

    Barriers to changing gender markers on identification documents (IDs) create many economic challenges for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. In the United States, each state has different laws and processes for changing the gender marker on a state ID. Using Household Pulse Survey data, this paper investigates whether transgender renters residing in states with several hurdles to changing gender on a driver’s license had a more dif…

  • Understanding the Intellectual Traditions of Claudia Goldin’s Nobel Winning Work on Gender and its Context in Feminist Economics

    Sarah F Small, Milena Dehn et al.•ARTICLE•Review of Political Economy•2025•References: 19

  • The Value of Work since the 18th Century: Custom, Conflict, Measurement, and Theory ed. by Massimo Asta and Pedro Ramos Pinto

    Sarah F Small•ARTICLE•History of Political Economy•2025•References: 13

  • What Is a Feminist Approach to Research in the History of Economic Thought? Methods in the Field

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Laura Beltran Figueroa•ARTICLE•OEconomia•2025

    Despite growing literature on women in the history of economic thought and feminist economic methodology, little work has been done to outline a feminist approach to research in history of economic thought. Drawing from methods in feminist history and feminist economics, we describe two distinct approaches: (1) history of feminist economic thought, which examines the trajectory of economic thinking on patriarchy, intersectionality, and social pro…

  • The gendered effects of #MeToo and nondisclosure agreements on workplace social capital in the United States

    Sarah F Small, Laura Beltran Figueroa•ARTICLE•Review of Social Economy•2026

    The #MeToo movement sparked changes in the social structures of workplaces and in legislation. In this paper, we use American Time Use Survey data from 2003 to 2023 alongside Google Trends and state legislative data to examine how #MeToo affected workers’ daily minutes spent socializing with bosses, coworkers, and clients and whether state laws restricting nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) related to workplace harassment or discrimination shaped th…

  • Is there Time to Teach our Kids? Race, Gender, and Work Requirements for Childcare Subsidies

    Open Access•Sarah F Small, Yazgı Genç et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Economics Race and…•2026

Economics (11 works) · Political science (10 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Gender Studies (7 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (7 works) · Demographic economics (5 works) · Gender Studies (5 works) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (5 works) · Labour economics (4 works) · Law (4 works)

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