Elizabeth Arkush
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 160299 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Elizabeth Arkush |
| PRENOMES | Elizabeth |
| SOBRENOME | Arkush |
| ASSINATURA | ARKUSH E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9008-0280 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 366 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2005 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Breaking Down the “Barbarian” Trope
Early modern history abounds with descriptions of “barbarians,” a term originating in ancient Greece and later applied to people deemed uncivilized. Historical knowledge about these groups comes largely from colonial or imperialist outsiders who mischaracterized them as irrational and violent. This characterization masks the fact that these decentralized groups achieved large-scale strategic coordination in the absence of centralized power. This …
Problematizing 'alliance' in anthropological archaeology
Alliances are critical components of human sociality, often essential to social existence itself. It is no surprise therefore that alliance crops up everywhere in anthropological and archaeological discourse. Yet scholarship on alliance consists largely of case studies rather than analytical discussion of the phenomenon itself. While alliances can be difficult to identify with confidence in the archaeological record, they are too important in hum…
The Late Intermediate Period in the south-central Andes (AD 1000–1450)
A new view of hillforts in the Andes
In the Andean highlands, hilltop fortifications known as pukaras are common. Dating predominantly to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450), pukaras are important to archaeological characterisations of a political landscape shaped by conflict but the distribution of these key sites is not well understood. Here, the authors employ systematic satellite imagery survey to provide a contiguous picture of pukara distribution on an inter-regional s…
Large-scale, collaborative imagery survey in archaeology
Imagery-based survey is capable of producing archaeological datasets that complement those collected through field-based survey methods, widening the scope of analysis beyond regions. The Geospatial Platform for Andean Culture, History and Archaeology (GeoPACHA) enables systematic registry of imagery survey data through a 'federated' approach. Using GeoPACHA, teams pursue problem-specific research questions through a common data schema and interf…
Isotopic insights into quinoa agriculture at an Andean hillfort town (cal ad 1250–1450)
Severity and spectacle in Andean warfare
Warfare in the Andes varied greatly in intensity, form and aims. It was also laden with meanings alluded to in iconography, symbolism, and war-related ceremonies. While Andeanists have sometimes proposed that some forms of war were “ritualized” and others “secular,” this dichotomy does not adequately capture the variety of Andean conflict, nor does it correspond well to the comparative ethnographic record. Are there better ways to understand and …
War, Spectacle, and Politics in the Ancient Andes
Pucarani
Pucarani
Fortifications are special kinds of public construction projects because they must be erected before enemies attack. Thus, their design and construction reflect the coordination and cooperation of multiple segments of society under time pressure. In this article, we analyze the fortifications at Pucarani, a large hillfort in the Northern Titicaca Basin, to help understand the specifics of how fortifications were built in this region during the La…
Coalescence and Defensive Communities
Defensive and fortified settlements are often places of relatively dense nucleation by people with few viable alternatives, resulting in the imperative need to establish consensual rules for living together. What behaviours and attitudes were adopted in defensively nucleated places? Recent investigations at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a densely settled hillfort town of the western Titicaca Basin of Peru inhabited c. ad 1300–1450, shed light on the na…
The End of Ayawiri
As the south-central Andes came under Inca control, many hillfort towns and villages were abandoned in favor of low-lying, non-defensive settlements. Recent investigation at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a fortified hilltop town in the Titicaca Basin of southern Peru, sheds light on how such sites met their end. Ayawiri was abandoned in the 15th century a.d. with no reoccupation and little to no scavenging afterwards. Excavated house structures have wh…
Hacia una arqueología de la guerra como si la práctica importara
Contraponemos dos programas teóricos para el estudio arqueológico de la guerra. Uno de ellos, que predomina en la literatura actual, es el positivista que aspira a identififi car las causas y consecuencias universales de la guerra bajo el supuesto de que obedece siempre a una misma racionalidad. Como alternativa, consideramos las posibilidades que ofrece una perspectiva que, privilegiando la práctica misma, tome en cuenta las diversas lógicas cul…
Soldados Históricos en Un Panel De Arte Rupestre, Puno, Peru
La historiografa de la poca colonial tarda y republicana temprana en los Andes ha sido dominada por las voces y las preocupaciones de los criollos letrados. As, los registros producidos por los propios pobladores andinos rurales son particularmente informativos, incluidos aquellos en los cuales no se utiliz la escritura. En este artculo se describen las Pinturas de Japuraya, un panel de arte rupestre registrado en 2009 cerca de Tiquillaca, depart…
Patterns of War in the Andes from the Archaic to the Late Horizon
Violence, Indigeneity, and Archaeological Interpretation in the Central Andes
Landscapes of death
Hillforts of the Ancient Andes
By AD 1000, the Colla controlled the high-altitude plains near Lake Titicaca in southern Peru. They fought over the region for many centuries before becoming a subject people of the Inca (who described them as the most formidable foes they had faced) circa 1450, and then of the Spanish in the sixteenth century. Like any people at war, the Colla were not engaged in active conflict all the time. But frequent warfare (perhaps over limited natural re…
Explaining the Past in 2010
In 2010, archaeologists investigated diverse, multilinear human histories and disagreed about what forces shaped these histories most powerfully. The varied new work covered in this review is organized into three broad themes. First, research on the relationship between people and environments included topics such as domestication and anthropogenic landscapes, social responses to environmental crisis, and adaptation. Second, archaeologists studyi…
Warfare, Space, and Identity in the South-Central Andes
War, Chronology, and Causality in the Titicaca Basin
In the Late Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1000-1450), people in many parts of the Andean highlands moved away from rich agricultural lands to settle in defensive sites high on hills and ridges, frequently building hilltop forts known as pukaras in Quechua and Aymara. This settlement shift indicates a concern with warfare not equaled at any other time in the archaeological sequence. While the traditional assumption is that warfare in the Late Inte…
Inca Ceremonial Sites in the Southwest Titicaca Basin
Interpreting Conflict in the Ancient Andes
This article critically assesses recent interpretations of premodern defensive architecture and militaristic themes in the archaeological record, using the Andes as a case study. While archaeologists have proposed intriguing alternative hypotheses that call into question the existence of war in the past, much evidence for conflict has been incautiously dismissed. This stance has seriously skewed our understanding of the development of premodern s…
Interpreting Conflict in the Ancient Andes
This article critically assesses recent interpretations of premodern defensive architecture and militaristic themes in the archaeological record, using the Andes as a case study. While archaeologists have proposed intriguing alternative hypotheses that call into question the existence of war in the past, much evidence for conflict has been incautiously dismissed. This stance has seriously skewed our understanding of the development of premodern s…
Patterns of War in the Andes from the Archaic to the Late Horizon
Hillforts of the Ancient Andes
By AD 1000, the Colla controlled the high-altitude plains near Lake Titicaca in southern Peru. They fought over the region for many centuries before becoming a subject people of the Inca (who described them as the most formidable foes they had faced) circa 1450, and then of the Spanish in the sixteenth century. Like any people at war, the Colla were not engaged in active conflict all the time. But frequent warfare (perhaps over limited natural re…
War, Chronology, and Causality in the Titicaca Basin
In the Late Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1000-1450), people in many parts of the Andean highlands moved away from rich agricultural lands to settle in defensive sites high on hills and ridges, frequently building hilltop forts known as pukaras in Quechua and Aymara. This settlement shift indicates a concern with warfare not equaled at any other time in the archaeological sequence. While the traditional assumption is that warfare in the Late Inte…
Coalescence and Defensive Communities
Defensive and fortified settlements are often places of relatively dense nucleation by people with few viable alternatives, resulting in the imperative need to establish consensual rules for living together. What behaviours and attitudes were adopted in defensively nucleated places? Recent investigations at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a densely settled hillfort town of the western Titicaca Basin of Peru inhabited c. ad 1300–1450, shed light on the na…
Landscapes of death
Explaining the Past in 2010
In 2010, archaeologists investigated diverse, multilinear human histories and disagreed about what forces shaped these histories most powerfully. The varied new work covered in this review is organized into three broad themes. First, research on the relationship between people and environments included topics such as domestication and anthropogenic landscapes, social responses to environmental crisis, and adaptation. Second, archaeologists studyi…
Pucarani
Large-scale, collaborative imagery survey in archaeology
Imagery-based survey is capable of producing archaeological datasets that complement those collected through field-based survey methods, widening the scope of analysis beyond regions. The Geospatial Platform for Andean Culture, History and Archaeology (GeoPACHA) enables systematic registry of imagery survey data through a 'federated' approach. Using GeoPACHA, teams pursue problem-specific research questions through a common data schema and interf…
The End of Ayawiri
As the south-central Andes came under Inca control, many hillfort towns and villages were abandoned in favor of low-lying, non-defensive settlements. Recent investigation at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a fortified hilltop town in the Titicaca Basin of southern Peru, sheds light on how such sites met their end. Ayawiri was abandoned in the 15th century a.d. with no reoccupation and little to no scavenging afterwards. Excavated house structures have wh…
Pucarani
Fortifications are special kinds of public construction projects because they must be erected before enemies attack. Thus, their design and construction reflect the coordination and cooperation of multiple segments of society under time pressure. In this article, we analyze the fortifications at Pucarani, a large hillfort in the Northern Titicaca Basin, to help understand the specifics of how fortifications were built in this region during the La…
Problematizing 'alliance' in anthropological archaeology
Alliances are critical components of human sociality, often essential to social existence itself. It is no surprise therefore that alliance crops up everywhere in anthropological and archaeological discourse. Yet scholarship on alliance consists largely of case studies rather than analytical discussion of the phenomenon itself. While alliances can be difficult to identify with confidence in the archaeological record, they are too important in hum…
Breaking Down the “Barbarian” Trope
Early modern history abounds with descriptions of “barbarians,” a term originating in ancient Greece and later applied to people deemed uncivilized. Historical knowledge about these groups comes largely from colonial or imperialist outsiders who mischaracterized them as irrational and violent. This characterization masks the fact that these decentralized groups achieved large-scale strategic coordination in the absence of centralized power. This …
A new view of hillforts in the Andes
In the Andean highlands, hilltop fortifications known as pukaras are common. Dating predominantly to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450), pukaras are important to archaeological characterisations of a political landscape shaped by conflict but the distribution of these key sites is not well understood. Here, the authors employ systematic satellite imagery survey to provide a contiguous picture of pukara distribution on an inter-regional s…
Inca Ceremonial Sites in the Southwest Titicaca Basin
Interpreting Conflict in the Ancient Andes
This article critically assesses recent interpretations of premodern defensive architecture and militaristic themes in the archaeological record, using the Andes as a case study. While archaeologists have proposed intriguing alternative hypotheses that call into question the existence of war in the past, much evidence for conflict has been incautiously dismissed. This stance has seriously skewed our understanding of the development of premodern s…
War, Chronology, and Causality in the Titicaca Basin
In the Late Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1000-1450), people in many parts of the Andean highlands moved away from rich agricultural lands to settle in defensive sites high on hills and ridges, frequently building hilltop forts known as pukaras in Quechua and Aymara. This settlement shift indicates a concern with warfare not equaled at any other time in the archaeological sequence. While the traditional assumption is that warfare in the Late Inte…
Warfare, Space, and Identity in the South-Central Andes
Landscapes of death
Hillforts of the Ancient Andes
By AD 1000, the Colla controlled the high-altitude plains near Lake Titicaca in southern Peru. They fought over the region for many centuries before becoming a subject people of the Inca (who described them as the most formidable foes they had faced) circa 1450, and then of the Spanish in the sixteenth century. Like any people at war, the Colla were not engaged in active conflict all the time. But frequent warfare (perhaps over limited natural re…
Explaining the Past in 2010
In 2010, archaeologists investigated diverse, multilinear human histories and disagreed about what forces shaped these histories most powerfully. The varied new work covered in this review is organized into three broad themes. First, research on the relationship between people and environments included topics such as domestication and anthropogenic landscapes, social responses to environmental crisis, and adaptation. Second, archaeologists studyi…
Violence, Indigeneity, and Archaeological Interpretation in the Central Andes
Patterns of War in the Andes from the Archaic to the Late Horizon
Hacia una arqueología de la guerra como si la práctica importara
Contraponemos dos programas teóricos para el estudio arqueológico de la guerra. Uno de ellos, que predomina en la literatura actual, es el positivista que aspira a identififi car las causas y consecuencias universales de la guerra bajo el supuesto de que obedece siempre a una misma racionalidad. Como alternativa, consideramos las posibilidades que ofrece una perspectiva que, privilegiando la práctica misma, tome en cuenta las diversas lógicas cul…
Soldados Históricos en Un Panel De Arte Rupestre, Puno, Peru
La historiografa de la poca colonial tarda y republicana temprana en los Andes ha sido dominada por las voces y las preocupaciones de los criollos letrados. As, los registros producidos por los propios pobladores andinos rurales son particularmente informativos, incluidos aquellos en los cuales no se utiliz la escritura. En este artculo se describen las Pinturas de Japuraya, un panel de arte rupestre registrado en 2009 cerca de Tiquillaca, depart…
The End of Ayawiri
As the south-central Andes came under Inca control, many hillfort towns and villages were abandoned in favor of low-lying, non-defensive settlements. Recent investigation at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a fortified hilltop town in the Titicaca Basin of southern Peru, sheds light on how such sites met their end. Ayawiri was abandoned in the 15th century a.d. with no reoccupation and little to no scavenging afterwards. Excavated house structures have wh…
Pucarani
Fortifications are special kinds of public construction projects because they must be erected before enemies attack. Thus, their design and construction reflect the coordination and cooperation of multiple segments of society under time pressure. In this article, we analyze the fortifications at Pucarani, a large hillfort in the Northern Titicaca Basin, to help understand the specifics of how fortifications were built in this region during the La…
Coalescence and Defensive Communities
Defensive and fortified settlements are often places of relatively dense nucleation by people with few viable alternatives, resulting in the imperative need to establish consensual rules for living together. What behaviours and attitudes were adopted in defensively nucleated places? Recent investigations at Ayawiri (Machu Llaqta), a densely settled hillfort town of the western Titicaca Basin of Peru inhabited c. ad 1300–1450, shed light on the na…
Pucarani
War, Spectacle, and Politics in the Ancient Andes
Isotopic insights into quinoa agriculture at an Andean hillfort town (cal ad 1250–1450)
Severity and spectacle in Andean warfare
Warfare in the Andes varied greatly in intensity, form and aims. It was also laden with meanings alluded to in iconography, symbolism, and war-related ceremonies. While Andeanists have sometimes proposed that some forms of war were “ritualized” and others “secular,” this dichotomy does not adequately capture the variety of Andean conflict, nor does it correspond well to the comparative ethnographic record. Are there better ways to understand and …
The Late Intermediate Period in the south-central Andes (AD 1000–1450)
A new view of hillforts in the Andes
In the Andean highlands, hilltop fortifications known as pukaras are common. Dating predominantly to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450), pukaras are important to archaeological characterisations of a political landscape shaped by conflict but the distribution of these key sites is not well understood. Here, the authors employ systematic satellite imagery survey to provide a contiguous picture of pukara distribution on an inter-regional s…
Large-scale, collaborative imagery survey in archaeology
Imagery-based survey is capable of producing archaeological datasets that complement those collected through field-based survey methods, widening the scope of analysis beyond regions. The Geospatial Platform for Andean Culture, History and Archaeology (GeoPACHA) enables systematic registry of imagery survey data through a 'federated' approach. Using GeoPACHA, teams pursue problem-specific research questions through a common data schema and interf…
Problematizing 'alliance' in anthropological archaeology
Alliances are critical components of human sociality, often essential to social existence itself. It is no surprise therefore that alliance crops up everywhere in anthropological and archaeological discourse. Yet scholarship on alliance consists largely of case studies rather than analytical discussion of the phenomenon itself. While alliances can be difficult to identify with confidence in the archaeological record, they are too important in hum…
Breaking Down the “Barbarian” Trope
Early modern history abounds with descriptions of “barbarians,” a term originating in ancient Greece and later applied to people deemed uncivilized. Historical knowledge about these groups comes largely from colonial or imperialist outsiders who mischaracterized them as irrational and violent. This characterization masks the fact that these decentralized groups achieved large-scale strategic coordination in the absence of centralized power. This …
Archaeology (19 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (15 obras) · Latin American history and culture (15 obras) · History (12 obras) · History (9 obras) · Geology (7 obras) · Political science (7 obras) · Law (6 obras) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (6 obras)