H M Blalock
Biographic Data
| ID | 1608 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H M Blalock |
| GIVEN NAMES | H M |
| FAMILY NAME | Blalock |
| SIGNATURE | BLALOCK H M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1571 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1956 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Causal Models in Experimental Designs
This is a companion volume to Causal Models in the Social Sciences, the majority of articles concern panel designs involving repeated measurements while a smaller cluster involve discussions of how experimental designs may be improved by more explicit attention to causal models. All of the papers are concerned with complications that may occur in actual research designs- as compared with idealized ones that often become the basis of textbook disc…
Causal Models in the Social Sciences
Representation, Responsibility and Reliability in Participant-Observation
Percent black and lynchings revisited
Some General Goals in Teaching Statistics
Regardless of the level of sophistication of one's students, or the exact content of one's course, it is important to think broadly about the general messages one wishes to convey, and then to formulate a number of explicit goals one would like to achieve in teaching statistics to sociology students. Five such goals are discussed: (1) overcoming fears, resistances, and tendencies to overmemorize; (2) the importance of intellectual honesty and int…
Providing tough intellectual challenges: The issue of quality training
Social Researching: Politics, Problems, Practice
Causal Models in the Social Sciences. 2d Edition
Contextual-Effects Models: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
The rapid growth of the platform economy has provoked scholarly discussion of its consequences for the nature of work and employment. We identify four major themes in the literature on platform work and the underlying metaphors associated with each. ...Read More
The Presidential Address: Measurement and Conceptualization Problems: The Major Obstacle to Integrating Theory and Research
In one sense the theme of this paper is obvious. Sociologists face extremely tough intellectual and practical tasks owing to the ambitious nature of our common objectives and the complex reality with which we deal. These tasks will require a concerted effort of scholars with diverse substantive, theoretical, and methodological interests and persuasions. Yet in many respects we seem badly divided into a myriad of theoretical and methodological sch…
Ordering diversity
Quantitative Sociology: International Perspectives on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
Quantitative Sociology: International Perspectives on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
Quantitative Sociology: International Perspectives on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
Can We Find a Genuine Ordinal Slope Analogue
There are a number of encouraging developments concerning the properties of the various measures of ordinal association based on pairwise comparisons. Earlier discussions by Daniels (1944), Kendall (1948), Goodman and Kruskal (1954), and Somers (1962) have been supplemented by those of Hawkes (1971), Smith (1972), Specht (1972), and Ploch (1974), who provide useful discussions of the parallels between ordinal approaches and regression theory. In …
The Confounding of Measured and Unmeasured Variables: The Case of Social Status
Given the impossibility of measuring and including more than a few of the variables that ideally belong in a theoretical model, we know that biases are introduced when omitted variables are confounded with measured variables. In particular, professional or ideological biases may affect the labels attached to interrelated sets of variables. In sociology we tend to confound "status effects" with many possible nonstatus effects of objective characte…
Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena
Journal Article Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena, Measurement in Social Sciences. Theories and strategies Get access Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena. By E. W. MONTROLL and W. W. BADGER. (New York: Gordon and Beach, 1975. Pp. xi + 349. £8.50.)Measurement in Social Sciences. Theories and strategies. Edited by H. M. BLALOCK. (London: Macmillan, 1975. Pp. vi + 464. £8.00.) R. P. Smith R. P. Smith Pembr…
Measurement in the Social Sciences: Theories and Strategies
Measurement in the Social Sciences: Theories and Strategies
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Causal Models in the Social Sciences
Causal Models in the Social Sciences
Introducción a la investigación social
Statistical Estimation with Random Measurement Error
Estimating Measurement Error Using Multiple Indicators and Several Points in Time
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Per Cent Non-White and Discrimination in the South
Economic Discrimination and Negro Increase
A TYPE of generalization commonly found in race relations literature relates the percentage of a minority in a given area or its rate of increase to the amount of prejudice and discrimination against this minority. When made explicit, these generalizations usually indicate a positive relationship between the percentage of the minority or its rate of increase and one or more of the following: (a) prejudice (attitude), (b) intergroup conflict (invo…
Contextual-Effects Models: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
The rapid growth of the platform economy has provoked scholarly discussion of its consequences for the nature of work and employment. We identify four major themes in the literature on platform work and the underlying metaphors associated with each. ...Read More
Status Inconsistency, Social Mobility, Status Integration and Structural Effects
There are important methodological similarities among four different sociological theories: (1) the status inconsistency approach; (2) theories concerning the effects of social mobility; (3) the Gibbs-Martin status-integration approach, and (4) the analysis of structural or compositional effects. In each of these theories there is the notion that a dependent variable may be affected by deviance or peculiar combinations of statuses. If these theor…
Causal Models in the Social Sciences
The Presidential Address: Measurement and Conceptualization Problems: The Major Obstacle to Integrating Theory and Research
In one sense the theme of this paper is obvious. Sociologists face extremely tough intellectual and practical tasks owing to the ambitious nature of our common objectives and the complex reality with which we deal. These tasks will require a concerted effort of scholars with diverse substantive, theoretical, and methodological interests and persuasions. Yet in many respects we seem badly divided into a myriad of theoretical and methodological sch…
Occupational Discrimination: Some Theoretical Propositions
Occupational Discrimination: Some Theoretical Propositions Get access H. M. Blalock, Jr. H. M. Blalock, Jr. Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 9, Issue 3, Winter 1962, Pages 240–247, https://doi.org/10.2307/799234 Published: 07 August 2014
Estimating Measurement Error Using Multiple Indicators and Several Points in Time
A Causal Approach to Nonrandom Measurement Errors
The purpose of this paper is to examine several specific kinds of nonrandom measurement errors and to note their implications for causal model construction. In doing so, my secondary purpose is to sensitize the reader to the crucial importance of making one's assumptions fully explicit and to the advantages of a causal models approach to measurement errors. It is well known that the presence of even random measurement errors can produce serious d…
Correlational Analysis and Causal Inferences
Tests of Status Inconsistency Theory: A Note of Caution
Some General Goals in Teaching Statistics
Regardless of the level of sophistication of one's students, or the exact content of one's course, it is important to think broadly about the general messages one wishes to convey, and then to formulate a number of explicit goals one would like to achieve in teaching statistics to sociology students. Five such goals are discussed: (1) overcoming fears, resistances, and tendencies to overmemorize; (2) the importance of intellectual honesty and int…
The American Occupational Structure
Theory, Measurement, and Replication in the Social Sciences
A special type of problem is encountered in attempting to associate theoretically defined concepts with operational definitions whenever we deal with properties that have been defined in terms of their causal implications. The problem is illustrated by the concepts "mass," "power," and "discrimination." To measure these variables, we must make a number of theoretical assumptions about the operation of other variables. If replication is possible, …
Causal Models in the Social Sciences
Correlation and Causality: The Multivariate Case
Simon's method for making causal inferences from patterns of intercorrelations is applied to a five variable sociological problem. The technique is used in exploratory fashion to develop successive causal models with progressively better prediction equations. It is argued that Simon's method yields more theoretical insights than does partial correlation
Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena
Journal Article Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena, Measurement in Social Sciences. Theories and strategies Get access Introduction to Quantitative Aspects of Social Phenomena. By E. W. MONTROLL and W. W. BADGER. (New York: Gordon and Beach, 1975. Pp. xi + 349. £8.50.)Measurement in Social Sciences. Theories and strategies. Edited by H. M. BLALOCK. (London: Macmillan, 1975. Pp. vi + 464. £8.00.) R. P. Smith R. P. Smith Pembr…
Urbanization and Discrimination in the South
Urbanization and Discrimination in the South Get access H. M. Blalock, JR. H. M. Blalock, JR. University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 7, Issue 2, Autumn 1959, Pages 146–152, https://doi.org/10.2307/799166 Published: 09 August 2014
Some Implications of Random Measurement Error for Causal Inferences
Random measurement errors can lead to faulty inferences by introducing additional unknowns. This makes pausible a number of alternative explanations that should be explicitly noted. One can study the implications of measurement errors by adding measurement error components to causal models. This approach is used in five specific situations: (1) where one is testing for spuriousness or interpreting by means of intervening variables; (2) where inde…
Four-Variable Causal Models and Partial Correlations
Simon's method for making causal inferences from correlational data is applied to the various possible four-variable causal models. Prediction equations are given for forty-one models, so that the goodness of fit of any particular model can easily be evaluated without the use of tedious computations. Certain suggestion are also made for handling problems involving a larger number of variables. The major purpose of the paper, however, is to invest…
Measurement in the Social Sciences: Theories and Strategies
Correlated Independent Variables: The Problem of Multicollinearity
Whenever two supposedly independent variables are highly correlated, it will be difficult to assess their relative importance in determining some dependent variable. The higher the correlation between independent variables the greater the sampling error of the partials. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the practical implications for social research
Making Causal Inferences for Unmeasured Variables from Correlations Among Indicators
A technique is suggested for making causal inferences from correlations among indicators of variables that themselves have not been measured. The procedure involves developing causal models using both the indicators and the underlying variables, but then ending up with predictions that use only the measured variables. By selecting several indicators of each underlying variable, some indicators being causes and others effects of the unmeasured var…
The Confounding of Measured and Unmeasured Variables: The Case of Social Status
Given the impossibility of measuring and including more than a few of the variables that ideally belong in a theoretical model, we know that biases are introduced when omitted variables are confounded with measured variables. In particular, professional or ideological biases may affect the labels attached to interrelated sets of variables. In sociology we tend to confound "status effects" with many possible nonstatus effects of objective characte…
Economic Discrimination and Negro Increase
A TYPE of generalization commonly found in race relations literature relates the percentage of a minority in a given area or its rate of increase to the amount of prejudice and discrimination against this minority. When made explicit, these generalizations usually indicate a positive relationship between the percentage of the minority or its rate of increase and one or more of the following: (a) prejudice (attitude), (b) intergroup conflict (invo…
Per Cent Non-White and Discrimination in the South
A Note on Adjusting Discrimination Rates for Per Cent Non-white
Educational Achievement and Job Opportunities: A Vicious Circle
Status Consciousness: A Dimensional Analysis
Journal Article Status Consciousness: A Dimensional Analysis Get access H. M. Blalock, Jr. H. M. Blalock, Jr. University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 37, Issue 3, March 1959, Pages 243–248, https://doi.org/10.2307/2572970 Published: 01 March 1959
Toward a Clarification of System Analysis in the Social Sciences
This paper attempts to outline some of the important concepts and ideas used in system analysis which is taken to be a general mode of analysis used in all sciences. Systems are seen from three perspectives: (1) that involving the relationship between system and environment, (2) that involving interaction between several systems, and (3) that involving one type of system composed of other types of systems. The writers also discuss the concepts “s…
Urbanization and Discrimination in the South
Urbanization and Discrimination in the South Get access H. M. Blalock, JR. H. M. Blalock, JR. University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 7, Issue 2, Autumn 1959, Pages 146–152, https://doi.org/10.2307/799166 Published: 09 August 2014
A Power Analysis of Racial Discrimination
Power is assumed to be a multiplicative function of total resources and the degree to which resources are mobilized. A mathematical model is used to predict the relationship between mobilization of resources and percentage Negro under power equilibrium, and the implications of the resulting “threat curve” are discussed
Situational Factors and Negro Leadership Activity in a Medium-Sized Community
Correlational Analysis and Causal Inferences
Correlation and Causality: The Multivariate Case
Simon's method for making causal inferences from patterns of intercorrelations is applied to a five variable sociological problem. The technique is used in exploratory fashion to develop successive causal models with progressively better prediction equations. It is argued that Simon's method yields more theoretical insights than does partial correlation
Theory, Measurement, and Replication in the Social Sciences
A special type of problem is encountered in attempting to associate theoretically defined concepts with operational definitions whenever we deal with properties that have been defined in terms of their causal implications. The problem is illustrated by the concepts "mass," "power," and "discrimination." To measure these variables, we must make a number of theoretical assumptions about the operation of other variables. If replication is possible, …
Spuriousness Versus Intervening Variables: The Problem of Temporal Sequences
Journal Article Spuriousness Versus Intervening Variables: The Problem of Temporal Sequences Get access H. M. Blalock, Jr. H. M. Blalock, Jr. Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 40, Issue 4, May 1962, Pages 330–336, https://doi.org/10.2307/2573889 Published: 01 May 1962
Four-Variable Causal Models and Partial Correlations
Simon's method for making causal inferences from correlational data is applied to the various possible four-variable causal models. Prediction equations are given for forty-one models, so that the goodness of fit of any particular model can easily be evaluated without the use of tedious computations. Certain suggestion are also made for handling problems involving a larger number of variables. The major purpose of the paper, however, is to invest…
Occupational Discrimination: Some Theoretical Propositions
Occupational Discrimination: Some Theoretical Propositions Get access H. M. Blalock, Jr. H. M. Blalock, Jr. Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 9, Issue 3, Winter 1962, Pages 240–247, https://doi.org/10.2307/799234 Published: 07 August 2014
Correlated Independent Variables: The Problem of Multicollinearity
Whenever two supposedly independent variables are highly correlated, it will be difficult to assess their relative importance in determining some dependent variable. The higher the correlation between independent variables the greater the sampling error of the partials. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the practical implications for social research
Scientific Method: Optimizing Applied Research Decisions. Russell L. Ackoff
Making Causal Inferences for Unmeasured Variables from Correlations Among Indicators
A technique is suggested for making causal inferences from correlations among indicators of variables that themselves have not been measured. The procedure involves developing causal models using both the indicators and the underlying variables, but then ending up with predictions that use only the measured variables. By selecting several indicators of each underlying variable, some indicators being causes and others effects of the unmeasured var…
Controlling for Background Factors: Spuriousness Versus Developmental Sequences
Some Implications of Random Measurement Error for Causal Inferences
Random measurement errors can lead to faulty inferences by introducing additional unknowns. This makes pausible a number of alternative explanations that should be explicitly noted. One can study the implications of measurement errors by adding measurement error components to causal models. This approach is used in five specific situations: (1) where one is testing for spuriousness or interpreting by means of intervening variables; (2) where inde…
Tests of Status Inconsistency Theory: A Note of Caution
Status Inconsistency, Social Mobility, Status Integration and Structural Effects
There are important methodological similarities among four different sociological theories: (1) the status inconsistency approach; (2) theories concerning the effects of social mobility; (3) the Gibbs-Martin status-integration approach, and (4) the analysis of structural or compositional effects. In each of these theories there is the notion that a dependent variable may be affected by deviance or peculiar combinations of statuses. If these theor…
The American Occupational Structure
Statistical Estimation with Random Measurement Error
Estimating Measurement Error Using Multiple Indicators and Several Points in Time
Sociology (27 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Computer Science (18 works) · Mathematics (17 works) · Econometrics (16 works) · Statistics (15 works) · Economics (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research (10 works) · Epistemology (7 works)