R Gardner
Biographic Data
| ID | 16200 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Gardner |
| GIVEN NAMES | R |
| FAMILY NAME | Gardner |
| SIGNATURE | GARDNER R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nevada, Reno |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2794-5851 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 252 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1919 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Conversation Analysis and Recipient Behavior
Recipiency is half of conversation. When a speaker is producing a turn at talk, there will be at least one recipient.
Towards an interactional grammar of interjections: Expressing compassion in four Australian languages
Words classified as 'interjections' tend to be treated in descriptive grammars as outside of morphosyntax, too contextually bound to warrant a systematic description of their syntagmatic relations. We use a comparative corpus of conversations in four typologically distinct Australian Aboriginal languages (Garrwa, Gija, Jaru and Murrinhpatha) to illustrate how such an analysis may be developed. We focus on forms which have been described as 'compa…
On the road again: Displaying knowledge of place in multiparty conversations in the remote Australian outback
In this article we examine displays of epistemic status and stance among long-term Anglo-Australian residents of remote communities through a case study of a 2-h interaction by four men who have demonstrated sophisticated knowledge of locations in their region. We show how equal access to knowledge of places is oriented to, as well as how differences in rights to authoritatively claim knowledge emerge in disputes over details of locations which a…
The epistemics of social relations in Murrinhpatha, Garrwa and Jaru conversations
Locational pointing in Murrinhpatha, Gija, and English conversations
It has been suggested that the gestural accuracy used by speakers of Australian Aboriginal languages like Guugu Yimidhirr and Arrernte to indicate directions and represent topographic features is a consequence of absolute frame of reference being dominant in these languages; and that the lackadaisical points produced by North American English speakers is an outcome of relative frame being dominant in English. We test this claim by comparing locat…
Classroom Interaction Research: The State of the Art
This article reviews classroom interaction research that uses Conversation Analysis and other interactional approaches. Schools as social institutions are crucial in the modern world, preparing people to live in highly complex societies, from preschool through to tertiary education and beyond. Although classrooms vary significantly internationally, research has focused mainly on schools where classes have a teacher in charge of varying numbers of…
Da Symbol Dat Under da Stuffs: Teaching the Language of Maths to Aboriginal Learners of Standard Australian English as a Second Dialect
Failure to adequately address language differences between home and school is one of the many ways in which education systems frequently disadvantage Aboriginal students. Children from predominantly Aboriginal English-speaking homes face specific challenges, as the language differences between their home variety and the Standard Australian English (SAE) of the curriculum and classroom are often rendered 'invisible', with little explicit accommoda…
Tools of Engagement: Selecting a Next Speaker in Australian Aboriginal Multiparty Conversations
Building on earlier Conversation Analytic work on turn-taking and response mobilization, we use video-recorded multiparty conversations to consider in detail how Australian Aboriginal participants in conversation select a next speaker in turns that are grammatically designed as questions. We focus in particular on the role of a range of embodied behaviors, such as gaze direction, body orientation, and pointing, to select—or avoid selecting—a next…
Disputes in Everyday Life: Social and Moral Orders of Children and Young People Susan Danby and Maryanne Theobald (eds)
This volume shows the fruits of an international collaboration of scholars of children's interaction from Australia, Sweden, New Zealand, the UK, the USA and Turkey. They use conversation analysis (CA), ethnomethodology (EM), membership categorization analysis (MCA) and ethnography in this endeavour. The collection makes an original contribution through examining children's disputes. There are a number of reasons why this topic is of particular i…
Voluntary premarital screening to prevent sickle cell disease in Jamaica: Does it work
Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Jamaica: Logistics and experience with umbilical cord samples
Game Equilibrium Models IV: Social and Political Interaction
Enriching CA through MCA? Stokoe’s MCA keys
In this commentary on Stokoe’s article, ‘Moving forward with membership categorization analysis’, I take up the challenge to apply her keys for MCA to an extract of conversation recorded in a restaurant. The strengths of conversation analysis have not included - and indeed have not attempted to achieve - successful engagement with beyond-the-immediate-talk aspects of culture and the commonsense workings of society. The aim of the article is to ex…
Liminality in multitasking: Where talk and task collide in computer collaborations
This article investigates the effect of computer activity on talk during collaboration at the computer by two pairs of high school students during a web-based task. The work is located in relation to research in the wider world of the workplace and informal settings where multitasking involving talk and the operation of artifacts is known to occur. The current study focuses on how, when two students are working at the computer, talk continues or …
An Introduction to ‘Studies in Australian Indigenous Conversation’
Question and Answer Sequences in Garrwa Talk
For question–answer sequences in Australian Aboriginal talk, it has been claimed that answers are not necessarily a required response. This would contrast with findings reported in recent cross-linguistic work on such sequences. In a corpus of 62 question sequences from conversations in two Garrwa communities on the west side of the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia, 34 questions were answered, and a further 12 dealt with the question in …
The coordination of talk and action in the collaborative construction of a multimodal text
Silence is talk: Conversational silence in Australian Aboriginal talk-in-interaction
Islamophobia in the media: A response from multicultural education 1
This paper looks at the media in Germany and Australia in order to focus on the question of how Islam is accepted in both countries, and the extent to which Islamophobia exists. It was discovered that, for the most part, the media in both countries present a somewhat biased view of Muslims and Islam. However, there were some significant differences: (1) a higher acceptance of multiculturalism in the Australian media, which is revealed in the grea…
The Right connections: Acknowledging epistemic progression in talk
It is proposed that the response token Right, in one important use, is a marker of epistemic dependency between two units of talk by a prior speaker, and that this talk has progressed the understanding by the Right producer of a complex activity involving much information transfer. Two other Rights as response tokens are considered: as an epistemic confirmation token similar to That's right, and as a change-of-activity token similar to Alright/Ok…
Cross-fostered chimpanzees modulate signs of American Sign Language
Evolutionary and developmental (Evo-Devo) biologists study the interaction between genetic endowment and developmental environment (Lewontin, 2001; Robert, 2004). Cross-fostering is a powerful tool for studying Evo-Devo. Chimpanzees lived under conditions very similar to the conditions of human children with human foster families who used American Sign Language (ASL) exclusively in their presence. In this environment, cross-fostered chimpanzees a…
When Listeners Talk: Response tokens and listener stance
Listeners are usually considered recipients in conversational interaction, whose main activity is to take in messages from other speakers. In this view, the listening activity is separate from speaking. Another view is that listeners and speakers are equal co-participants in conversations who construct the talk together. In support of this latter view, one finds a group of vocalisations which are quintessentially listener talk — little conversati…
Reference, image, text in German and Australian advertising posters
Between Speaking and Listening: The Vocalisation of Understandings1
In the teaching of listening in language pedagogy, there has been a tendency either to treat this skill as discrete from speaking, particularly as extended texts to be responded to after hearing them, or to focus on speaking rather than listening in the teaching of conversational skills This paper argues that there are some important aspects of listening as an interactive skill that have been largely neglected Amongst these are what have been cha…
Development of phrases in the early utterances of children and cross-fostered chimpanzees
Primate Communication and the Gestural Origin of Language [and Comments and Reply]
Wallace, Tylor, Wundt, Johannesson, and others have proposed that human language had its basis in hand and arm gestures. The Gardners' work with the chimpanzee Washoe, Premack's study of the chimpanzee Sarah, and continuing experiments along these lines indicate that neural restructuring would not have been necessary for the protohominid acquisition of a simple propositional gesture or sign language which did not involve cross-modal transfer at a…
Silence is talk: Conversational silence in Australian Aboriginal talk-in-interaction
The Conversation Object Mm: A Weak and Variable Acknowledging Token
(1997). The Conversation Object Mm: A Weak and Variable Acknowledging Token. Research on Language and Social Interaction: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 131-156
The Right connections: Acknowledging epistemic progression in talk
It is proposed that the response token Right, in one important use, is a marker of epistemic dependency between two units of talk by a prior speaker, and that this talk has progressed the understanding by the Right producer of a complex activity involving much information transfer. Two other Rights as response tokens are considered: as an epistemic confirmation token similar to That's right, and as a change-of-activity token similar to Alright/Ok…
The epistemics of social relations in Murrinhpatha, Garrwa and Jaru conversations
The coordination of talk and action in the collaborative construction of a multimodal text
Tools of Engagement: Selecting a Next Speaker in Australian Aboriginal Multiparty Conversations
Building on earlier Conversation Analytic work on turn-taking and response mobilization, we use video-recorded multiparty conversations to consider in detail how Australian Aboriginal participants in conversation select a next speaker in turns that are grammatically designed as questions. We focus in particular on the role of a range of embodied behaviors, such as gaze direction, body orientation, and pointing, to select—or avoid selecting—a next…
Reference, image, text in German and Australian advertising posters
A First Language: The Early Stages
For many years, Roger Brown and his colleagues have studied the developing language of pre-school children--the language that ultimately will permit them to understand themselves and the world around them. This longitudinal research project records the conversational performances of three children, studying both semantic and grammatical aspects of their language development. These core findings are related to recent work in psychology and linguis…
Classroom Interaction Research: The State of the Art
This article reviews classroom interaction research that uses Conversation Analysis and other interactional approaches. Schools as social institutions are crucial in the modern world, preparing people to live in highly complex societies, from preschool through to tertiary education and beyond. Although classrooms vary significantly internationally, research has focused mainly on schools where classes have a teacher in charge of varying numbers of…
Enriching CA through MCA? Stokoe’s MCA keys
In this commentary on Stokoe’s article, ‘Moving forward with membership categorization analysis’, I take up the challenge to apply her keys for MCA to an extract of conversation recorded in a restaurant. The strengths of conversation analysis have not included - and indeed have not attempted to achieve - successful engagement with beyond-the-immediate-talk aspects of culture and the commonsense workings of society. The aim of the article is to ex…
Liminality in multitasking: Where talk and task collide in computer collaborations
This article investigates the effect of computer activity on talk during collaboration at the computer by two pairs of high school students during a web-based task. The work is located in relation to research in the wider world of the workplace and informal settings where multitasking involving talk and the operation of artifacts is known to occur. The current study focuses on how, when two students are working at the computer, talk continues or …
Islamophobia in the media: A response from multicultural education 1
This paper looks at the media in Germany and Australia in order to focus on the question of how Islam is accepted in both countries, and the extent to which Islamophobia exists. It was discovered that, for the most part, the media in both countries present a somewhat biased view of Muslims and Islam. However, there were some significant differences: (1) a higher acceptance of multiculturalism in the Australian media, which is revealed in the grea…
On the road again: Displaying knowledge of place in multiparty conversations in the remote Australian outback
In this article we examine displays of epistemic status and stance among long-term Anglo-Australian residents of remote communities through a case study of a 2-h interaction by four men who have demonstrated sophisticated knowledge of locations in their region. We show how equal access to knowledge of places is oriented to, as well as how differences in rights to authoritatively claim knowledge emerge in disputes over details of locations which a…
Prelinguistic development of children and chimpanzees
Towards an interactional grammar of interjections: Expressing compassion in four Australian languages
Words classified as 'interjections' tend to be treated in descriptive grammars as outside of morphosyntax, too contextually bound to warrant a systematic description of their syntagmatic relations. We use a comparative corpus of conversations in four typologically distinct Australian Aboriginal languages (Garrwa, Gija, Jaru and Murrinhpatha) to illustrate how such an analysis may be developed. We focus on forms which have been described as 'compa…
Locational pointing in Murrinhpatha, Gija, and English conversations
It has been suggested that the gestural accuracy used by speakers of Australian Aboriginal languages like Guugu Yimidhirr and Arrernte to indicate directions and represent topographic features is a consequence of absolute frame of reference being dominant in these languages; and that the lackadaisical points produced by North American English speakers is an outcome of relative frame being dominant in English. We test this claim by comparing locat…
Da Symbol Dat Under da Stuffs: Teaching the Language of Maths to Aboriginal Learners of Standard Australian English as a Second Dialect
Failure to adequately address language differences between home and school is one of the many ways in which education systems frequently disadvantage Aboriginal students. Children from predominantly Aboriginal English-speaking homes face specific challenges, as the language differences between their home variety and the Standard Australian English (SAE) of the curriculum and classroom are often rendered 'invisible', with little explicit accommoda…
Question and Answer Sequences in Garrwa Talk
For question–answer sequences in Australian Aboriginal talk, it has been claimed that answers are not necessarily a required response. This would contrast with findings reported in recent cross-linguistic work on such sequences. In a corpus of 62 question sequences from conversations in two Garrwa communities on the west side of the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia, 34 questions were answered, and a further 12 dealt with the question in …
Development of phrases in the early utterances of children and cross-fostered chimpanzees
Microlithic sites and their paleoenvironmental setting, Southeast India; a reevaluation
A reevaluation is presented of the distribution, age, and paleoenvironmental context of the microlithic sites (Tinnevelly Ten Industry) found on Quaternary coastal sediments in southeast India. Microliths were found to occur widely on the red teri sands; as extensive surface scatters and in concentrated ‘sites’. the extent and number of sites is far greater than hitherto known. the occupation/use of the area occurred within the period between lat…
Early signs of language in cross-fostered chimpanzees
The role of cross-fostering in sign language studies of chimpanzees
An ancient Hill Fortress in Lucania
The ancient Lucania, the area of which corresponds, more or less, to that of the Neapolitan district of Basilicata, the modern province of Potenza, is little known even to the more leisured traveller in Italy; and we must turn to the pages of Keppel Craven and Lenormant for any but the most summary account of it. In the period of the Roman supremacy in Italy no events of singular interest are connected with Lucania, save only in the operations of…
On box score methodology as illustrated by three reviews of overtraining reversal effects
Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee: A standardized system of gestures provides a means of two-way communication with a chimpanzee.
Speciation often involves the evolution of incompatible gene interactions that cause sterility or lethality in hybrids between populations. These so-called hybrid incompatibilities occur between two or more functionally divergent loci. We show that the nucleoporin 160kDa (Nup160) gene of the fruitfly Drosophila simulans is incompatible with one or more factors on the D. melanogaster X chromosome, causing hybrid lethality. Nup160 encodes a nuclear…
Maternal deprivation reassessed
Primate Communication and the Gestural Origin of Language [and Comments and Reply]
Wallace, Tylor, Wundt, Johannesson, and others have proposed that human language had its basis in hand and arm gestures. The Gardners' work with the chimpanzee Washoe, Premack's study of the chimpanzee Sarah, and continuing experiments along these lines indicate that neural restructuring would not have been necessary for the protohominid acquisition of a simple propositional gesture or sign language which did not involve cross-modal transfer at a…
A First Language: The Early Stages
For many years, Roger Brown and his colleagues have studied the developing language of pre-school children--the language that ultimately will permit them to understand themselves and the world around them. This longitudinal research project records the conversational performances of three children, studying both semantic and grammatical aspects of their language development. These core findings are related to recent work in psychology and linguis…
Comparative Psychology and Language Acquisition
Discovering and Understanding the Meaning of Primate Signals
This volume, edited by a philosopher and an anthropologist, is a collection of essays on the philosophical implications of laboratory and field research. While neither the best nor the worst of the genre, it is a collection that offers a representative sample of traditional themes. As practicing scientists who view the implications of behavioural research from a somewhat different perspective we offer this critical review.
The role of cross-fostering in sign language studies of chimpanzees
Prelinguistic development of children and chimpanzees
Early signs of language in cross-fostered chimpanzees
Microlithic sites and their paleoenvironmental setting, Southeast India; a reevaluation
A reevaluation is presented of the distribution, age, and paleoenvironmental context of the microlithic sites (Tinnevelly Ten Industry) found on Quaternary coastal sediments in southeast India. Microliths were found to occur widely on the red teri sands; as extensive surface scatters and in concentrated ‘sites’. the extent and number of sites is far greater than hitherto known. the occupation/use of the area occurred within the period between lat…
Humans are superhuman animals: A reply to commentaries by J. Birtchnell and P. Gilbert
The Conversation Object Mm: A Weak and Variable Acknowledging Token
(1997). The Conversation Object Mm: A Weak and Variable Acknowledging Token. Research on Language and Social Interaction: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 131-156
Between Speaking and Listening: The Vocalisation of Understandings1
In the teaching of listening in language pedagogy, there has been a tendency either to treat this skill as discrete from speaking, particularly as extended texts to be responded to after hearing them, or to focus on speaking rather than listening in the teaching of conversational skills This paper argues that there are some important aspects of listening as an interactive skill that have been largely neglected Amongst these are what have been cha…
Development of phrases in the early utterances of children and cross-fostered chimpanzees
Ethological study of early language
Reference, image, text in German and Australian advertising posters
When Listeners Talk: Response tokens and listener stance
Listeners are usually considered recipients in conversational interaction, whose main activity is to take in messages from other speakers. In this view, the listening activity is separate from speaking. Another view is that listeners and speakers are equal co-participants in conversations who construct the talk together. In support of this latter view, one finds a group of vocalisations which are quintessentially listener talk — little conversati…
Cross-fostered chimpanzees modulate signs of American Sign Language
Evolutionary and developmental (Evo-Devo) biologists study the interaction between genetic endowment and developmental environment (Lewontin, 2001; Robert, 2004). Cross-fostering is a powerful tool for studying Evo-Devo. Chimpanzees lived under conditions very similar to the conditions of human children with human foster families who used American Sign Language (ASL) exclusively in their presence. In this environment, cross-fostered chimpanzees a…
The Right connections: Acknowledging epistemic progression in talk
It is proposed that the response token Right, in one important use, is a marker of epistemic dependency between two units of talk by a prior speaker, and that this talk has progressed the understanding by the Right producer of a complex activity involving much information transfer. Two other Rights as response tokens are considered: as an epistemic confirmation token similar to That's right, and as a change-of-activity token similar to Alright/Ok…
Islamophobia in the media: A response from multicultural education 1
This paper looks at the media in Germany and Australia in order to focus on the question of how Islam is accepted in both countries, and the extent to which Islamophobia exists. It was discovered that, for the most part, the media in both countries present a somewhat biased view of Muslims and Islam. However, there were some significant differences: (1) a higher acceptance of multiculturalism in the Australian media, which is revealed in the grea…
Silence is talk: Conversational silence in Australian Aboriginal talk-in-interaction
An Introduction to ‘Studies in Australian Indigenous Conversation’
Question and Answer Sequences in Garrwa Talk
For question–answer sequences in Australian Aboriginal talk, it has been claimed that answers are not necessarily a required response. This would contrast with findings reported in recent cross-linguistic work on such sequences. In a corpus of 62 question sequences from conversations in two Garrwa communities on the west side of the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia, 34 questions were answered, and a further 12 dealt with the question in …
Psychology (28 works) · Linguistics (24 works) · Computer Science (23 works) · Communication (20 works) · Philosophy (18 works) · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Conversation (14 works) · Communication (13 works) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (12 works)