Caroline Shenaz Hossein
Biographic Data
| ID | 1626044 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Caroline Shenaz Hossein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Caroline Shenaz |
| FAMILY NAME | Hossein |
| SIGNATURE | HOSSEIN C S |
| AFFILIATIONS | York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6696-2064 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 61 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
What Kerala’s Member-Owned Institutions Can Teach the World about Social Economics
Member-owned institutions (MOIs) meet the livelihood needs of people who are excluded from formal business systems. Cooperation, group economics, and the pooling of resources are all strategies that humans have historically turned to in the face of exclusion. However, the mainstream development sector often views such “alternatives” and “cooperatives” as Western inventions, which is a problematic narrative. A vast literature on the social economy…
Situating the West African System of Collectivity
West African informal collective institutions have much to offer the study of international development.Susu is the local name for a cooperative system involving rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) practiced by millions of people.This essay argues that the Ghana susu are community economies, drawing on J. K. Gibson-Graham's theory of community economies and its ethical principles for amplifying well-being, conducting ethical busines…
Black Feminists in the Third Sector
Many countries in the Global North use the term “social economy”—also known as the third sector—to describe economies run by citizens rather than by state or business actors. Over the years, many Black feminist scholars that we have worked with also share the view that the concept of the “social economy” is limited to a European understanding. It fails to acknowledge those actors in the third sector who are excluded from interacting with the gove…
Acknowledging Marxist Economist C.Y. Thomas’ Legacy in Canada’s Economic Development Sector
The current ecological and social crises are shaking the foundations of society and invite reflection on the capacity of social innovations to generate systemic transitions. As conceptualized by Erik Olin Wright, the trajectories of contemporary emancipatory social innovations are encountering blockages that limit their transformative potential. This article develops the concept of social effect to better understand the complex dynamics at the ro…
Configuración de empresas de inmigrantes brasileños-canadienses en el área metropolitana de Toronto, Canadá
El propósito del artículo es examinar el empleo por cuenta propia y una muestra de microempresas de inmigrantes brasileños en Toronto, Canadá, y revelar sus mecanismos de redes sociales, la influencia de la cultura y del capital humano. La metodología abarcó la aplicación de 74 cuestionarios a empresarios brasileño-canadienses y 42 entrevistas semiestructuradas, con el objetivo de comprender sus experiencias y relaciones vividas. Los resultados i…
Community Economies in the Global South
Aspectos do empreendedorismo imigrante brasileiro em Toronto
O artigo descreve as atividades do empreendedorismo brasileiro em Toronto, Canadá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de 74 questionários a empreendedores brasileiros e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 42 destes, gerando uma abordagem multimétodos com análise de dados descritivos da survey e das trajetórias empreendedoras e de histórias de vida. Os pesquisadores realizaram também um trabalho de campo com visita e observação dos estabele…
Racialized People, Women, and Social Enterprises
For social enterprise to matter to racialized people, it must be purposefully embedded in the community. This study examines three nonprofit organizations led by women engaged in community economic development work – Firgrove Learning and Innovation Community Centre, Warden Woods Community Centre, and Elspeth Heyworth Centre for Women – in Toronto, one of the largest cities in North America. This study explores the work of these anti-racist femin…
A Black Epistemology for the Social and Solidarity Economy
A Black epistemology in economics is needed to bring ethics back into business. Contributions of racialized people in the economy are ignored. Black and racialized scholars also find that their work is not cited, even by the most liberal-minded social economists. In the Americas, Black and racialized citizens innovate in the social and solidarity economy; yet their work goes unnoticed in the academic literature, or scholars approach them as the "…
The Black Social Economy in the Americas
This pioneering book explores the meaning of the term "Black social economy," a self-help sector that remains autonomous from the state and business sectors. With the Western Hemisphere's ignoble hist
Fringe Banking in Canada
Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are regarded as a time-honoured tradition practiced by many people around the world. African Canadians value ROSCAs because of how they have helped people adjust to Canadian life. This study examines ROSCAs and the role that African Canadians have played in Canada’s social economy. It includes interviews with 77 people, 46 of whom are “Banker Ladies”—African Canadian women who create community-dri…
Going local in downtown Kingston, Jamaica
Purpose Academics examining the global South who engage in informal politics to understand social and political issues should be prepared to diversify their methods toolkit. Informal ties and politics are where one learns about social and economic exclusion. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Mixed qualitative methods – such as individual interviews, surveys, and focus groups – provide an understanding of the peop…
Money Pools in the Americas
Money pools are ancient African traditions that speak to the functionality of getting things done by a historically oppressed group of people. The analysis for this study is based on 583 interviews in five Caribbean countries: Haiti, Grenada, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. African traditions of collectives reveal that Black people have long had money pools that focused on helping people thrive in commerce, including during the hard tim…
Big Man” politics in the social economy
Microfinance and its “reinvention as bankers-for-the-poor” to create financial inclusion has not been effective everywhere. The literature seems to suggest that the social economy and microfinance help marginalized business people; yet no one considers that political bias interferes with the social economy, making it hard for it to be just. The promise of micro-credit was to achieve a double bottom line: first, the financial sustainability of the…
Black women in the marketplace
In Haiti, madan saras have for centuries personalised economics through a sistèm pratik that has institutionalised market operations by connecting buyers and sellers. This study - based on 77 interviews, mainly (73%) with madan saras from northern Haiti - exposes gender-based violence (GBV) towards Black women entrepreneurs, examining the views of the madan saras about their work and using the framework of Black feminist theory to contextualise t…
Government-owned micro-bank and financial exclusion
Microfinance is commonly known as banking upside down because micro-lending institutions make very small loans available to businesspeople excluded from conventional banks. Microfinance has piqued the interest of political elites in many Global South countries because of its support by the poor masses. The case of the Trinidadian microfinance sector shows that the state dominates the micro-lending sector through its agency, the National Entrepren…
The Exclusion of Afro-Guyanese Hucksters in Micro-Banking
At the 1997 Microcredit Summit in Washington DC, the primary goal of microfinance agreed to was that it was a tool to upset conventional banking and to make financial services inclusive; yet this is not the case for microfinance in Guyana. Educated Indo-Guyanese lenders admitted to their own personal biases against Afro-Guyanese as clients without remorse in this case study of 93 people. I argue in this paper that micro-banking managers and staff…
The Politics of Resistance
Informal banks are as relevant as they were in slave times because they are creating financial alternatives for marginalized people. I explore this issue with an empirical study of 398 business people in the slums of Jamaica and Guyana. I use intersectionality theorizing to explain that poor women organize local banks as a form of contestation against the threat of violence, partisan and informal politics. Women from poor communities mobilize eco…
The Black Social Economy
In a neoliberal world where commercial financial services are controlled by elites, poor Black women in the slums are usually excluded from financial programs - even microfinance ones. In my empirical study of 491 people in Jamaica, Guyana and Haiti, I argue that the participation in informal banking systems by the poor, not only provides coping tools for livelihood survival, but banker ladies insert a program of social connectedness and politica…
A Black Epistemology for the Social and Solidarity Economy
A Black epistemology in economics is needed to bring ethics back into business. Contributions of racialized people in the economy are ignored. Black and racialized scholars also find that their work is not cited, even by the most liberal-minded social economists. In the Americas, Black and racialized citizens innovate in the social and solidarity economy; yet their work goes unnoticed in the academic literature, or scholars approach them as the "…
The Black Social Economy
In a neoliberal world where commercial financial services are controlled by elites, poor Black women in the slums are usually excluded from financial programs - even microfinance ones. In my empirical study of 491 people in Jamaica, Guyana and Haiti, I argue that the participation in informal banking systems by the poor, not only provides coping tools for livelihood survival, but banker ladies insert a program of social connectedness and politica…
Black women in the marketplace
In Haiti, madan saras have for centuries personalised economics through a sistèm pratik that has institutionalised market operations by connecting buyers and sellers. This study - based on 77 interviews, mainly (73%) with madan saras from northern Haiti - exposes gender-based violence (GBV) towards Black women entrepreneurs, examining the views of the madan saras about their work and using the framework of Black feminist theory to contextualise t…
Racialized People, Women, and Social Enterprises
For social enterprise to matter to racialized people, it must be purposefully embedded in the community. This study examines three nonprofit organizations led by women engaged in community economic development work – Firgrove Learning and Innovation Community Centre, Warden Woods Community Centre, and Elspeth Heyworth Centre for Women – in Toronto, one of the largest cities in North America. This study explores the work of these anti-racist femin…
Black Feminists in the Third Sector
Many countries in the Global North use the term “social economy”—also known as the third sector—to describe economies run by citizens rather than by state or business actors. Over the years, many Black feminist scholars that we have worked with also share the view that the concept of the “social economy” is limited to a European understanding. It fails to acknowledge those actors in the third sector who are excluded from interacting with the gove…
The Politics of Resistance
Informal banks are as relevant as they were in slave times because they are creating financial alternatives for marginalized people. I explore this issue with an empirical study of 398 business people in the slums of Jamaica and Guyana. I use intersectionality theorizing to explain that poor women organize local banks as a form of contestation against the threat of violence, partisan and informal politics. Women from poor communities mobilize eco…
Situating the West African System of Collectivity
West African informal collective institutions have much to offer the study of international development.Susu is the local name for a cooperative system involving rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) practiced by millions of people.This essay argues that the Ghana susu are community economies, drawing on J. K. Gibson-Graham's theory of community economies and its ethical principles for amplifying well-being, conducting ethical busines…
Going local in downtown Kingston, Jamaica
Purpose Academics examining the global South who engage in informal politics to understand social and political issues should be prepared to diversify their methods toolkit. Informal ties and politics are where one learns about social and economic exclusion. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Mixed qualitative methods – such as individual interviews, surveys, and focus groups – provide an understanding of the peop…
Money Pools in the Americas
Money pools are ancient African traditions that speak to the functionality of getting things done by a historically oppressed group of people. The analysis for this study is based on 583 interviews in five Caribbean countries: Haiti, Grenada, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. African traditions of collectives reveal that Black people have long had money pools that focused on helping people thrive in commerce, including during the hard tim…
Government-owned micro-bank and financial exclusion
Microfinance is commonly known as banking upside down because micro-lending institutions make very small loans available to businesspeople excluded from conventional banks. Microfinance has piqued the interest of political elites in many Global South countries because of its support by the poor masses. The case of the Trinidadian microfinance sector shows that the state dominates the micro-lending sector through its agency, the National Entrepren…
The Exclusion of Afro-Guyanese Hucksters in Micro-Banking
At the 1997 Microcredit Summit in Washington DC, the primary goal of microfinance agreed to was that it was a tool to upset conventional banking and to make financial services inclusive; yet this is not the case for microfinance in Guyana. Educated Indo-Guyanese lenders admitted to their own personal biases against Afro-Guyanese as clients without remorse in this case study of 93 people. I argue in this paper that micro-banking managers and staff…
Aspectos do empreendedorismo imigrante brasileiro em Toronto
O artigo descreve as atividades do empreendedorismo brasileiro em Toronto, Canadá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de 74 questionários a empreendedores brasileiros e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 42 destes, gerando uma abordagem multimétodos com análise de dados descritivos da survey e das trajetórias empreendedoras e de histórias de vida. Os pesquisadores realizaram também um trabalho de campo com visita e observação dos estabele…
Fringe Banking in Canada
Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are regarded as a time-honoured tradition practiced by many people around the world. African Canadians value ROSCAs because of how they have helped people adjust to Canadian life. This study examines ROSCAs and the role that African Canadians have played in Canada’s social economy. It includes interviews with 77 people, 46 of whom are “Banker Ladies”—African Canadian women who create community-dri…
The Politics of Resistance
Informal banks are as relevant as they were in slave times because they are creating financial alternatives for marginalized people. I explore this issue with an empirical study of 398 business people in the slums of Jamaica and Guyana. I use intersectionality theorizing to explain that poor women organize local banks as a form of contestation against the threat of violence, partisan and informal politics. Women from poor communities mobilize eco…
The Black Social Economy
In a neoliberal world where commercial financial services are controlled by elites, poor Black women in the slums are usually excluded from financial programs - even microfinance ones. In my empirical study of 491 people in Jamaica, Guyana and Haiti, I argue that the participation in informal banking systems by the poor, not only provides coping tools for livelihood survival, but banker ladies insert a program of social connectedness and politica…
The Exclusion of Afro-Guyanese Hucksters in Micro-Banking
At the 1997 Microcredit Summit in Washington DC, the primary goal of microfinance agreed to was that it was a tool to upset conventional banking and to make financial services inclusive; yet this is not the case for microfinance in Guyana. Educated Indo-Guyanese lenders admitted to their own personal biases against Afro-Guyanese as clients without remorse in this case study of 93 people. I argue in this paper that micro-banking managers and staff…
Black women in the marketplace
In Haiti, madan saras have for centuries personalised economics through a sistèm pratik that has institutionalised market operations by connecting buyers and sellers. This study - based on 77 interviews, mainly (73%) with madan saras from northern Haiti - exposes gender-based violence (GBV) towards Black women entrepreneurs, examining the views of the madan saras about their work and using the framework of Black feminist theory to contextualise t…
Government-owned micro-bank and financial exclusion
Microfinance is commonly known as banking upside down because micro-lending institutions make very small loans available to businesspeople excluded from conventional banks. Microfinance has piqued the interest of political elites in many Global South countries because of its support by the poor masses. The case of the Trinidadian microfinance sector shows that the state dominates the micro-lending sector through its agency, the National Entrepren…
Going local in downtown Kingston, Jamaica
Purpose Academics examining the global South who engage in informal politics to understand social and political issues should be prepared to diversify their methods toolkit. Informal ties and politics are where one learns about social and economic exclusion. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Mixed qualitative methods – such as individual interviews, surveys, and focus groups – provide an understanding of the peop…
Money Pools in the Americas
Money pools are ancient African traditions that speak to the functionality of getting things done by a historically oppressed group of people. The analysis for this study is based on 583 interviews in five Caribbean countries: Haiti, Grenada, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. African traditions of collectives reveal that Black people have long had money pools that focused on helping people thrive in commerce, including during the hard tim…
Big Man” politics in the social economy
Microfinance and its “reinvention as bankers-for-the-poor” to create financial inclusion has not been effective everywhere. The literature seems to suggest that the social economy and microfinance help marginalized business people; yet no one considers that political bias interferes with the social economy, making it hard for it to be just. The promise of micro-credit was to achieve a double bottom line: first, the financial sustainability of the…
Fringe Banking in Canada
Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are regarded as a time-honoured tradition practiced by many people around the world. African Canadians value ROSCAs because of how they have helped people adjust to Canadian life. This study examines ROSCAs and the role that African Canadians have played in Canada’s social economy. It includes interviews with 77 people, 46 of whom are “Banker Ladies”—African Canadian women who create community-dri…
The Black Social Economy in the Americas
This pioneering book explores the meaning of the term "Black social economy," a self-help sector that remains autonomous from the state and business sectors. With the Western Hemisphere's ignoble hist
A Black Epistemology for the Social and Solidarity Economy
A Black epistemology in economics is needed to bring ethics back into business. Contributions of racialized people in the economy are ignored. Black and racialized scholars also find that their work is not cited, even by the most liberal-minded social economists. In the Americas, Black and racialized citizens innovate in the social and solidarity economy; yet their work goes unnoticed in the academic literature, or scholars approach them as the "…
Racialized People, Women, and Social Enterprises
For social enterprise to matter to racialized people, it must be purposefully embedded in the community. This study examines three nonprofit organizations led by women engaged in community economic development work – Firgrove Learning and Innovation Community Centre, Warden Woods Community Centre, and Elspeth Heyworth Centre for Women – in Toronto, one of the largest cities in North America. This study explores the work of these anti-racist femin…
Configuración de empresas de inmigrantes brasileños-canadienses en el área metropolitana de Toronto, Canadá
El propósito del artículo es examinar el empleo por cuenta propia y una muestra de microempresas de inmigrantes brasileños en Toronto, Canadá, y revelar sus mecanismos de redes sociales, la influencia de la cultura y del capital humano. La metodología abarcó la aplicación de 74 cuestionarios a empresarios brasileño-canadienses y 42 entrevistas semiestructuradas, con el objetivo de comprender sus experiencias y relaciones vividas. Los resultados i…
Community Economies in the Global South
Aspectos do empreendedorismo imigrante brasileiro em Toronto
O artigo descreve as atividades do empreendedorismo brasileiro em Toronto, Canadá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de 74 questionários a empreendedores brasileiros e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 42 destes, gerando uma abordagem multimétodos com análise de dados descritivos da survey e das trajetórias empreendedoras e de histórias de vida. Os pesquisadores realizaram também um trabalho de campo com visita e observação dos estabele…
Acknowledging Marxist Economist C.Y. Thomas’ Legacy in Canada’s Economic Development Sector
The current ecological and social crises are shaking the foundations of society and invite reflection on the capacity of social innovations to generate systemic transitions. As conceptualized by Erik Olin Wright, the trajectories of contemporary emancipatory social innovations are encountering blockages that limit their transformative potential. This article develops the concept of social effect to better understand the complex dynamics at the ro…
Situating the West African System of Collectivity
West African informal collective institutions have much to offer the study of international development.Susu is the local name for a cooperative system involving rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) practiced by millions of people.This essay argues that the Ghana susu are community economies, drawing on J. K. Gibson-Graham's theory of community economies and its ethical principles for amplifying well-being, conducting ethical busines…
Black Feminists in the Third Sector
Many countries in the Global North use the term “social economy”—also known as the third sector—to describe economies run by citizens rather than by state or business actors. Over the years, many Black feminist scholars that we have worked with also share the view that the concept of the “social economy” is limited to a European understanding. It fails to acknowledge those actors in the third sector who are excluded from interacting with the gove…
What Kerala’s Member-Owned Institutions Can Teach the World about Social Economics
Member-owned institutions (MOIs) meet the livelihood needs of people who are excluded from formal business systems. Cooperation, group economics, and the pooling of resources are all strategies that humans have historically turned to in the face of exclusion. However, the mainstream development sector often views such “alternatives” and “cooperatives” as Western inventions, which is a problematic narrative. A vast literature on the social economy…
Political science (15 works) · Economics (13 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Microfinance and Financial Inclusion (9 works) · Politics (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Law (7 works) · Caribbean history, culture, and politics (5 works) · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy (5 works)