William M Austin
Biographic Data
| ID | 164128 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William M Austin |
| GIVEN NAMES | William M |
| FAMILY NAME | Austin |
| SIGNATURE | AUSTIN W M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Illinois Institute of Technology |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 7 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1937 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Linguistics
Some social aspects of paralanguage
The term ‘paralanguage’ and the corresponding adjective ‘paralinguistic’ are less than ten years old but already they loom large in the study of animal communication. In one sense all non-language communications (kinesics, haptics, as well as “vocalization”) are paralinguistic but this term is now almost exclusively applied to significant, non-linguistic noises made with the vocal tract. Observations of these phenomena are of course quite old. De…
Mongol Reader
Mongol Reader
Germanic Reflexes of Indo-European -Hy- and -Hw
[Proto-IE - Hy - and - Hw - (where H was either a glottal spirant [h] or a glottal stop [q]) resulted in PGmc. - qy - and - qw -. This phoneme /q/, of limited distribution and duration, fell together with /g/ in East Germanic, with /k/ and /g/ in North Germanic, and with /k/ and /y, w/ in West Germanic]
The Language of the Secret History of the Mongols
An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian
Criteria for Phonetic Similarity
The classical definition of the phoneme runs something like this: a set of sounds in complementary (noncontrastive) distribution and phonetically similar. To this one may append Trager's statement, ‘The criterion of complementary versus contrasting distribution is first, then that of phonetic similarity.‘ While it may be generally admitted that the criterion of phonetic similarity is of secondary importance, the question can be raised: is it of a…
Turkic Peoples of the USSR
A Corollary to the Germanic Verschärfung
[An IH laryngeal with a following semivowel became IE hy and hw , which in turn, under certain accentual conditions here described, became Gmc. k; e.g. NE quick : Lat. vīvus , Skt. jīvas.]
The Scientific Method and Historical Linguistics
Is Armenian an Anatolian Language
[Armenian, like Hittite, Luwian, and Lycian, retains the third laryngeal initially, and has no inherited long vowels, no palatal-velar distinction, and no feminine gender. These and other archaisms lead to the conclusion that Armenian is an Anatolian language and can be compared to more advantage with Lycian and Hittite than with the IE languages proper.]
The Prothetic Vowel in Greek
[The so-called prothetic vowel in Greek finds its ultimate explanation in Indo-Hittite. In Indo-Hittite bases beginning with the first, third, or fourth laryngeal, the first syllable was retained everywhere if it was in the full grade. If it was in the reduced grade, it was lost everywhere except in Hittite, Greek, and Armenian. If the second consonant was w, the first three laryngeals could unite with it to form a long voiceless hw which appears…
The Etymology of English big
No convincing or satisfactory etymology has as yet been suggested for the English word big. Skeat properly compares it with the Norwegian bugge ‘strong man’ and says that it is probably a borrowing from Scandinavian. He further hazards a connection with NE bow, Goth, biugan, from PG *beugan, and there lets the matter rest. Webster's New International Dictionary connects it with bug and Puck, originally ‘hobgoblin, spectre’, and suggests a further…
Sanskrit parśu and paraśu
The Etymology of Hittite yukas
Sturtevant in HG 144, speaking of relatively transparent nouncompounds in Hittite, goes on to say ‘One may be almost equally sure that tayukas (ta-a-i-ú-ga-aš, da-a-i-ú-ga-aš, ta-a-ú-ga-aš) ‘two years old’ beside yukas (i-ú-ga-aš) ‘one year old’ is a compound whose prior member is akin to tan (ta-a-an, da-a-an) ‘iterum, second’; but our ignorance of the etymology of the second member makes its classification impossible'. This article is an attemp…
The Language of the Secret History of the Mongols
The Scientific Method and Historical Linguistics
The Prothetic Vowel in Greek
[The so-called prothetic vowel in Greek finds its ultimate explanation in Indo-Hittite. In Indo-Hittite bases beginning with the first, third, or fourth laryngeal, the first syllable was retained everywhere if it was in the full grade. If it was in the reduced grade, it was lost everywhere except in Hittite, Greek, and Armenian. If the second consonant was w, the first three laryngeals could unite with it to form a long voiceless hw which appears…
Sanskrit parśu and paraśu
The Etymology of Hittite yukas
Sturtevant in HG 144, speaking of relatively transparent nouncompounds in Hittite, goes on to say ‘One may be almost equally sure that tayukas (ta-a-i-ú-ga-aš, da-a-i-ú-ga-aš, ta-a-ú-ga-aš) ‘two years old’ beside yukas (i-ú-ga-aš) ‘one year old’ is a compound whose prior member is akin to tan (ta-a-an, da-a-an) ‘iterum, second’; but our ignorance of the etymology of the second member makes its classification impossible'. This article is an attemp…
The Etymology of English big
No convincing or satisfactory etymology has as yet been suggested for the English word big. Skeat properly compares it with the Norwegian bugge ‘strong man’ and says that it is probably a borrowing from Scandinavian. He further hazards a connection with NE bow, Goth, biugan, from PG *beugan, and there lets the matter rest. Webster's New International Dictionary connects it with bug and Puck, originally ‘hobgoblin, spectre’, and suggests a further…
The Prothetic Vowel in Greek
[The so-called prothetic vowel in Greek finds its ultimate explanation in Indo-Hittite. In Indo-Hittite bases beginning with the first, third, or fourth laryngeal, the first syllable was retained everywhere if it was in the full grade. If it was in the reduced grade, it was lost everywhere except in Hittite, Greek, and Armenian. If the second consonant was w, the first three laryngeals could unite with it to form a long voiceless hw which appears…
Is Armenian an Anatolian Language
[Armenian, like Hittite, Luwian, and Lycian, retains the third laryngeal initially, and has no inherited long vowels, no palatal-velar distinction, and no feminine gender. These and other archaisms lead to the conclusion that Armenian is an Anatolian language and can be compared to more advantage with Lycian and Hittite than with the IE languages proper.]
The Scientific Method and Historical Linguistics
A Corollary to the Germanic Verschärfung
[An IH laryngeal with a following semivowel became IE hy and hw , which in turn, under certain accentual conditions here described, became Gmc. k; e.g. NE quick : Lat. vīvus , Skt. jīvas.]
Turkic Peoples of the USSR
An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian
Criteria for Phonetic Similarity
The classical definition of the phoneme runs something like this: a set of sounds in complementary (noncontrastive) distribution and phonetically similar. To this one may append Trager's statement, ‘The criterion of complementary versus contrasting distribution is first, then that of phonetic similarity.‘ While it may be generally admitted that the criterion of phonetic similarity is of secondary importance, the question can be raised: is it of a…
Germanic Reflexes of Indo-European -Hy- and -Hw
[Proto-IE - Hy - and - Hw - (where H was either a glottal spirant [h] or a glottal stop [q]) resulted in PGmc. - qy - and - qw -. This phoneme /q/, of limited distribution and duration, fell together with /g/ in East Germanic, with /k/ and /g/ in North Germanic, and with /k/ and /y, w/ in West Germanic]
The Language of the Secret History of the Mongols
Mongol Reader
Some social aspects of paralanguage
The term ‘paralanguage’ and the corresponding adjective ‘paralinguistic’ are less than ten years old but already they loom large in the study of animal communication. In one sense all non-language communications (kinesics, haptics, as well as “vocalization”) are paralinguistic but this term is now almost exclusively applied to significant, non-linguistic noises made with the vocal tract. Observations of these phenomena are of course quite old. De…
Mongol Reader
Linguistics
Philosophy (12 works) · History (11 works) · Linguistics (11 works) · Linguistics and Cultural Studies (9 works) · Linguistics and language evolution (8 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Eurasian Exchange Networks (4 works) · Ancient history (3 works) · History (3 works)