Thomas A Gla
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 164397 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Thomas A Gla |
| NOMBRES | Thomas A |
| APELLIDO | Gla |
| FIRMA | GLA T A |
| AFILIACIONES | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4399-612X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1532 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Measuring neighbourhood social and economic change for urban health studies
Neighbourhood change is a complex phenomenon. To study its consequences for health outcomes, we developed a measure of neighbourhood social and economic change for all census tracts ( n = 2272) in the entire city of Madrid (Spain) in two epochs (2005–2009 and 2009–2013). We used a finite mixture modelling approach with 16 indicators from several administrative sources. We found four types of neighbourhoods: Decreasing Socioeconomic Status (SES) a…
Neighborhood social and economic change and diabetes incidence
Comparing methods of targeting obesity interventions in populations
Social networks as well as neighborhood environments have been shown to effect obesity-related behaviors including energy intake and physical activity. Accordingly, harnessing social networks to improve targeting of obesity interventions may be promising to the extent this leads to social multiplier effects and wider diffusion of intervention impact on populations. However, the literature evaluating network-based interventions has been inconsiste…
Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Diurnal Cortisol Trajectories in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
African American race/ethnicity, but not lower SES, was associated with lower waking cortisol and slower afternoon decline in middle-aged and older adults. This pattern is likely a marker of earlier biological aging in vulnerable groups. Race/ethnicity may compete with SES as a measure of cumulative vulnerability
Are neighborhoods causal? Complications arising from the 'stickiness' of ZNA
Exploring the forest instead of the trees
Household and neighborhood conditions partially account for associations between education and physical capacity in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Modeling US Adult Obesity Trends
Objectives. We present a system dynamics model that quantifies the energy imbalance gap responsible for the US adult obesity epidemic among gender and racial subpopulations. Methods. We divided the adult population into gender–race/ethnicity subpopulations and body mass index (BMI) classes. We defined transition rates between classes as a function of metabolic dynamics of individuals within each class. We estimated energy intake in each BMI class…
The contextual influence of coal abandoned mine lands in communities and type 2 diabetes in Pennsylvania
The association between cortisol and neighborhood disadvantage in a U.S. population-based sample of adolescents
Neighborhood Psychosocial Hazards and Binge Drinking among Late Middle-Aged Adults
Differential Exposure to Hazardous Air Pollution in the United States
Population exposure to multiple chemicals in air presents significant challenges for environmental public health. Air quality regulations distinguish criteria air pollutants (CAPs) (e.g., ozone, PM2.5) from hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)-187 chemicals which include carcinogens and others that are associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and numerous other non-cancer health effects. Evidence of the public's cumulative exposure an…
Exploring Potential Sources of Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility in Risk From Environmental Hazards to Expand the Scope of Risk Assessment
Genetic factors, other exposures, individual disease states and allostatic load, psychosocial stress, and socioeconomic position all have the potential to modify the response to environmental exposures. Moreover, many of these modifiers covary with the exposure, leading to much higher risks in some subgroups. These are not theoretical concerns; rather, all these patterns have already been demonstrated in studies of the effects of lead and air pol…
Expanding the Scope of Risk Assessment
Several methodological issues have been identified in analysis of epidemiological data to better assess the distributional effects of exposures and hypotheses about effect modification. We discuss the hierarchical mixed model and some more complex methods. Methods of capturing inequality are a second dimension of risk assessment, and simulation studies are important because plausible choices for air pollution effects and effect modifiers could re…
Expanding the Scope of Environmental Risk Assessment to Better Include Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility
The central paradigm of the Environmental Protection Agency is risk assessment. We examined how differential responses across population groups could be better integrated into the environmental risk assessment process, providing tools to achieve greater equity in health status in addition to risk reduction. Such integration was difficult with paradigms like reference dose and was easier with consideration of dose–response curves, which incorporat…
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Sexual Network Position
Availability of healthy foods and dietary patterns
Neighborhood-Level Cohesion and Disorder
Findings provide initial evidence of the reliability and construct validity of these neighborhood-level social process measures
Neighborhood Characteristics and Availability of Healthy Foods in Baltimore
Neighborhood Psychosocial Hazards and Cardiovascular Disease
Objectives. We examined associations between cardiovascular disease and neighborhood psychosocial hazards, such as violent crime, abandoned buildings, and signs of incivility, to evaluate whether features of place are associated with older adult health. Methods. We analyzed first-visit data from the Baltimore Memory Study of randomly selected residents aged 50 to 70 years (n=1140) of 65 contiguous neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. We looked f…
Gender and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Lead Dose Biomarkers
Objectives. We sought to identify predictors of lead concentrations in the blood, tibias, and patellae of older adults and to describe differences by gender, race/ethnicity, and other factors that can influence lead toxicokinetics and, thus modify health effects. Methods. Participants aged 50 to 70 years (N=1140) were randomly identified from selected neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. We measured lead concentrations by anodic stripping voltam…
The Sociobiologic Integrative Model (SBIM)
Trends in Rates of Onset of and Recovery From Disability at Older Ages
Our findings are consistent with declining population-level disability prevalence only if any downward trend in onset outweighs the downward trend in recovery. These findings are also consistent with a trend toward more severe disability problems among the disabled population
Smoke Before Food
THE GROCERY STORE IN THE image represents a typical store in Baltimore’s inner city. This store is located in the “Middle East” neighborhood of East Baltimore, within 5 blocks of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Census data from 2000 show that, in this neighborhood, 94.4% of residents are African American, 64.4% of family households are female-run households with no husband present, the unemployment rate is 23.5%, the median h…
Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life
Social engagement is independently associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. A longitudinal association is seen only among those not depressed at baseline
From social integration to health
Behavioral science at the crossroads in public health
Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life
Social engagement is independently associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. A longitudinal association is seen only among those not depressed at baseline
Neighborhood-Level Cohesion and Disorder
Findings provide initial evidence of the reliability and construct validity of these neighborhood-level social process measures
Consequences of Driving Cessation
The potential consequences of driving limitations or cessation should be taken into account when advising older drivers and developing alternative transportation strategies to help maintain their mobility
Disability as a Function of Social Networks and Support in Elderly African Americans and Whites
The findings provide further evidence for the role of social relationships in the disablement process, although not all types of social relationships may be equally beneficial. Furthermore, these associations may be more complex than simple causal effects. There were few racial differences in the association of social relationships with disability, with the possible exception of instrumental support, which may allude to possible sociocultural dif…
Does Religious Commitment Contribute to Individual Life Satisfaction
Social Networks and Disability Transitions Across Eight Intervals of Yearly Data in the New Haven Epese
The findings lend further support for the role of social relationships in important health outcomes in old age. They suggest that being "embedded" in a social network of relatives and friends reduces risk for ADL disability, and enhances recovery from ADL disability
Beyond single indicators of social networks
The quality and quantity of social support
The impact of various types and amounts of social support is examined in the context of recovery from first stroke. We conceptualize the rehabilitation process as a psychosocial transition. In a longitudinal design, 44 patients were followed for 6 months following first stroke. Growth-curve analysis (repeated measures MANOVA) was utilized to examine the impact of three types of social support on changes in functional status during recovery. While…
Change in Productive Activity in Late Adulthood
Both cross-sectional comparisons and patterns of change in productive activities among members of the MacArthur Successful Aging cohort were examined. The data came from a three-site longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults aged 70-79. The highest functioning cohort (n = 1,192) was found to be significantly more productive than a comparison group of medium- and low-functioning respondents at baseline in four of five domains examined. In lo…
Are neighborhoods causal? Complications arising from the 'stickiness' of ZNA
Neighborhood Psychosocial Hazards and Cardiovascular Disease
Objectives. We examined associations between cardiovascular disease and neighborhood psychosocial hazards, such as violent crime, abandoned buildings, and signs of incivility, to evaluate whether features of place are associated with older adult health. Methods. We analyzed first-visit data from the Baltimore Memory Study of randomly selected residents aged 50 to 70 years (n=1140) of 65 contiguous neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. We looked f…
Trends in Rates of Onset of and Recovery From Disability at Older Ages
Our findings are consistent with declining population-level disability prevalence only if any downward trend in onset outweighs the downward trend in recovery. These findings are also consistent with a trend toward more severe disability problems among the disabled population
Engaging Older Adults in High Impact Volunteering that Enhances Health
Household and neighborhood conditions partially account for associations between education and physical capacity in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Sexual Network Position
Neighborhood social and economic change and diabetes incidence
The association between cortisol and neighborhood disadvantage in a U.S. population-based sample of adolescents
Expanding the Scope of Environmental Risk Assessment to Better Include Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility
The central paradigm of the Environmental Protection Agency is risk assessment. We examined how differential responses across population groups could be better integrated into the environmental risk assessment process, providing tools to achieve greater equity in health status in addition to risk reduction. Such integration was difficult with paradigms like reference dose and was easier with consideration of dose–response curves, which incorporat…
Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms among the Elderly
We examined the effect of a series of common stressful life events on change in depressive symptoms among the elderly. The subjects were 1,962 noninstitutionalized people 65 years of age or older from the New Haven EPESE project. Multivariate regression models revealed that 8 of 11 stressful life events examined predicted change in depressive symptoms at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms age, socioeconomic factor…
The Sociobiologic Integrative Model (SBIM)
The Effects of Negative Life Events on Alcohol Consumption among older Men and Women
We examined the effect of selected negative life events on changes in alcohol consumption in a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling persons 65 years of age and older. Using the Tension Reduction Hypothesis (TRH) as a framework, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to negative life events leads to increased alcohol consumption at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline alcohol consumption (1982) and covariates found to be assoc…
Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Diurnal Cortisol Trajectories in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
African American race/ethnicity, but not lower SES, was associated with lower waking cortisol and slower afternoon decline in middle-aged and older adults. This pattern is likely a marker of earlier biological aging in vulnerable groups. Race/ethnicity may compete with SES as a measure of cumulative vulnerability
Modeling US Adult Obesity Trends
Objectives. We present a system dynamics model that quantifies the energy imbalance gap responsible for the US adult obesity epidemic among gender and racial subpopulations. Methods. We divided the adult population into gender–race/ethnicity subpopulations and body mass index (BMI) classes. We defined transition rates between classes as a function of metabolic dynamics of individuals within each class. We estimated energy intake in each BMI class…
Bereavement and Health
Does the popular notion of a 'broken heart' have some grounding in reality? How can grief affect the body in ways that necessitate medical care and may even be life-threatening? Bereavement and Health constitutes a comprehensive review of what is known about the impact of bereavement on surviving partners. Drawing on the work of psychologists, sociologists, epidemiologists, and psychiatrists, Wolfgang and Margaret Stroebe offer a theoretically co…
Does Religious Commitment Contribute to Individual Life Satisfaction
Open and closed education and work systems in Great Britain
This paper investigates linkages between education and work domains for a birth cohort of British men and women. In particular, the analyses examine Sørensen's conceptualization of open and closed position systems. We investigate one application of these concepts by examining whether open versus closed education systems (i.e., ability group and school type) generate jobs with first employer of differing duration and jobs in open versus closed wor…
A Healthy state of tension
The quality and quantity of social support
The impact of various types and amounts of social support is examined in the context of recovery from first stroke. We conceptualize the rehabilitation process as a psychosocial transition. In a longitudinal design, 44 patients were followed for 6 months following first stroke. Growth-curve analysis (repeated measures MANOVA) was utilized to examine the impact of three types of social support on changes in functional status during recovery. While…
Change in Productive Activity in Late Adulthood
Both cross-sectional comparisons and patterns of change in productive activities among members of the MacArthur Successful Aging cohort were examined. The data came from a three-site longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults aged 70-79. The highest functioning cohort (n = 1,192) was found to be significantly more productive than a comparison group of medium- and low-functioning respondents at baseline in four of five domains examined. In lo…
The Effects of Negative Life Events on Alcohol Consumption among older Men and Women
We examined the effect of selected negative life events on changes in alcohol consumption in a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling persons 65 years of age and older. Using the Tension Reduction Hypothesis (TRH) as a framework, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to negative life events leads to increased alcohol consumption at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline alcohol consumption (1982) and covariates found to be assoc…
Driving Cessation and Increased Depressive Symptoms
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between driving cessation and depressive symptoms among older drivers. Previous efforts in this area have focused on the factors associated with cessation, not the consequences of having stopped. DESIGN: Cohort study SETTING: Urban community PARTICIPANTS: A driving survey was administered in 1989 to surviving noninstitutionalized members of the New Haven Established Population…
Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms among the Elderly
We examined the effect of a series of common stressful life events on change in depressive symptoms among the elderly. The subjects were 1,962 noninstitutionalized people 65 years of age or older from the New Haven EPESE project. Multivariate regression models revealed that 8 of 11 stressful life events examined predicted change in depressive symptoms at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms age, socioeconomic factor…
Quantitative Methods in Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine
OBJECTIVES: This article summarizes the deliberations of the Quantitative Methods Working Group convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in support of the NIH Office of Alternative Medicine. METHODS: The working group was charged with identifying methods of study design and data analysis that can be applied to empirical research on complementary and alternative medicine. This charge was broad and inclusive and addressed the evaluation …
Beyond single indicators of social networks
Is Educational Attainment Associated With Shared Determinants of Health in the Elderly? Findings From the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of educational attainment with an array of risk factors for poor health among high-functioning older men and women. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of psychosocial, behavioral, and biological factors and educational attainment were conducted using data from a population-based cohort study of older men and women. Participants consisted of 70- to 79-year-old residents of communities of East Boston, MA; Ne…
Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans
Objectives: To examine any association between social, productive, and physical activity and 13 year survival in older people. Design: Prospective cohort study with annual mortality follow up. Activity and other measures were assessed by structured interviews at baseline in the participants9 homes Proportional hazards models were used to model survival from time of initial interview. Setting: City of New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Partici…
Social Disengagement and Incident Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
BACKGROUND: Social engagement, which is defined as the maintenance of many social connections and a high level of participation in social activities, has been thought to prevent cognitive decline in elderly persons. However, few longitudinal studies of this relation have been done. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: …
Social Networks and Disability Transitions Across Eight Intervals of Yearly Data in the New Haven Epese
The findings lend further support for the role of social relationships in important health outcomes in old age. They suggest that being "embedded" in a social network of relatives and friends reduces risk for ADL disability, and enhances recovery from ADL disability
Social Integration, Social Networks, Social Support, and Health
It is difficult now to reconstruct the logic that led us to believe that the nature of human relationships—the degree to which an individual is interconnected and embedded in a community—is vital to an individual’s health and well-being as well as to the health and vitality of entire populations. In retrospect, a combination of observations and reading the rich theoretical literature on social integration, attachment, and social networks led us t…
Consequences of Driving Cessation
The potential consequences of driving limitations or cessation should be taken into account when advising older drivers and developing alternative transportation strategies to help maintain their mobility
Psychosocial intervention in stroke
A family-focused psychosocial intervention for stroke survivors is described and illustrated with case studies. It is designed to improve functional recovery through four specific pathways: increased knowledge, efficacy, and control through stroke education; optimized social support; increased network cohesion; and improved problem-solving abilities. Rationales for these pathways are presented and methods of implementing them discussed
From social integration to health
Disability as a Function of Social Networks and Support in Elderly African Americans and Whites
The findings provide further evidence for the role of social relationships in the disablement process, although not all types of social relationships may be equally beneficial. Furthermore, these associations may be more complex than simple causal effects. There were few racial differences in the association of social relationships with disability, with the possible exception of instrumental support, which may allude to possible sociocultural dif…
Experience Corps
The Families In Recovery From Stroke Trial (FIRST)
Objective: Social support and family ties are strong predictors of functional recovery after stroke; however, development of successful psychosocial intervention programs has been difficult. This study examined whether a family-systems intervention designed to influence social support and self-efficacy affects functional outcome in older stroke patients. Methods: Two hundred ninety-one community-residing survivors of ischemic stroke or nontraumat…
Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life
Social engagement is independently associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. A longitudinal association is seen only among those not depressed at baseline
Engaging Older Adults in High Impact Volunteering that Enhances Health
Behavioral science at the crossroads in public health
Medicine (42 obras) · Psychology (30 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (26 obras) · Gerontology (21 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Demography (20 obras) · Population (20 obras) · Environmental health (19 obras) · Demography (17 obras) · Psychiatry (14 obras)