Shari L Dworkin
Biographic Data
| ID | 165308 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Shari L Dworkin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Shari L |
| FAMILY NAME | Dworkin |
| SIGNATURE | DWORKIN S L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8535-4822 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 87 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 828 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 87 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
From Cultural to Structural Competence
INTRODUCTION: This perspective article explores how intersectionality and intersectional structural competence can enrich transcultural nursing. While cultural competence has historically improved patient-centered care through better transcultural communication, persistent health inequities demand strategies that address the systemic and institutional determinants of health. DISCUSSION: We argue for integrating structural competence into establis…
Experiences of LGBTIQ+ Migrants Across the Migration Trajectory in Spain
Mixed methods pilot evaluation of a gender-sensitivity training for HIV care providers in Uganda
In sub-Saharan Africa, gender norms shape women’s and men’s barriers to HIV care engagement, and influence providers’ behaviors. Interventions are needed to build providers’ capacity for delivering gender-sensitive HIV care. We pilot tested a gender-sensitivity training for HIV care providers and staff in Uganda. Using a quasi-experimental controlled trial (2022–23), we assessed a 4-session intervention, developed by the study team, focused on: g…
Acceptability, feasibility, and factors affecting implementation of a gender-sensitivity training for HIV providers and staff in Uganda
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05178979, registered: November 15, 2021
Spillover Effects of an Agricultural Livelihood Intervention Among People Living with HIV on Community Empowerment in Kenya
The debut, travels and future of intersectionality in HIV prevention and treatment interventions
The editors of this special issue and authors within it have highlighted that the frameworks, methods, and practice of intersectional thinking have travelled from their original conception to other fields. This article is synergistic with this claim, identifying the ways in which intersectional thought was formulated, how it has been applied to HIV studies that focus on cisgender heterosexually-active women and men, and examinng the extent to whi…
Sample Size in Qualitative Research Using In-Depth Interviews
Relationship Power, Antiretroviral Adherence, and Physical and Mental Health Among Women Living with HIV in Rural Kenya
Little is known about the association of gender-based power imbalances and health and health behaviors among women with HIV (WWH). We examined cross-sectional baseline data among WWH in a cluster-randomized control trial (NCT02815579) in rural Kenya. We assessed associations between the Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) and ART adherence, physical and mental health, adjusting for sociodemographic and social factors. SRPS consists of two subs…
The Impact of Land Tenure Security on a Livelihood Intervention for People Living with HIV in Western Kenya
Measuring Men’s Gender Norm Beliefs Related to Contraception
Male partner resistance is identified as a key factor that influences women’s contraceptive use. Examination of the masculine norms that shape men’s resistance to contraception—and how to intervene on these norms—is needed. To assess a gender-transformative intervention in Kenya, we developed and evaluated a masculinity-informed instrument to measure men’s contraceptive acceptance—the Masculine Norms and Family Planning Acceptance (MNFPA) scale. …
Sex, lies, and videotape
Media coverage of HIV criminal cases has deployed sexualized and racialized tropes, and portrayed defendants as villains. Several media analyses of HIV criminal trials have been conducted, though only one was in the US, and none involved young Black gay men, who are disproportionately impacted by HIV. We conducted content and textual analyses of 91 media stories focused on the 2015 case of Michael Johnson, a Black gay college student living with …
Covid-19 and the International Academy of Sex Research
Mechanisms and perceived mental health changes after a livelihood intervention for HIV-positive Kenyans
While food insecurity and poverty worsen mental health outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), few intervention studies have targeted poverty and food insecurity as a way to improve mental health. Among HIV-positive patients, addressing such upstream determinants may prove crucial to ensure better mental health and HIV clinical outcomes. We integrated longitudinal, qualitative research into a randomized trial of a livelihood intervent…
Impacts of Men's Gender-transformative Personal Narratives
Gender-transformative interventions have been found to help ameliorate gender-inequitable norms and improve health outcomes for women and men. While narrative-based strategies are increasingly being used in public health programs, no evaluation publications exist to date for gender-transformative programming that employs men's public narrative-sharing as a central means for promoting healthy masculinities. The Men's Story Project (MSP) creates li…
A scoping review on the role of masculine norms in men’s engagement in the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa
Men living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely than women to be engaged at each stage of the HIV care continuum. We conducted a scoping review in May of 2016 to identify how masculine norms influence men's HIV care engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. Our review yielded a total of 17 qualitative studies from 8 countries. Six major themes emerged that demonstrated how norms of masculinity create both barriers and facilitators to care …
Gender-Transformative Approaches to Engaging Men in Reducing Gender-Based Violence
Brush and Miller’s paper is critical of gender-transformative interventions and they believe that the paradigm is in trouble. In this response, we examine the body of evidence and the conceptual frames that undergird gender-transformative interventions, along with the emergence of these interventions and their efficacy. We argue here that it is reductionist to state either (a) that gender-transformative programs do not work, or (b) that gender-tr…
What Role Do Masculine Norms Play in Men’s HIV Testing in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Can self-help group programs improve women’s empowerment? A systematic review
Relationship Power Among Same-Sex Male Couples in New York and San Francisco
Research is clear that power differentials between women and men shape women's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risks; however, little research has attempted to examine power differentials within same-sex male (SSM) couples and whether these influence sexual risk outcomes. To produce the first quantitative scale that measures power in SSM relationships, the current work was a Phase 1 qualitative study that sought to understand domains of relati…
Jaboya (“Sex for Fish”)
A Qualitative Investigation of the Impact of a Livelihood Intervention on Gendered Power and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive Adults in Rural Kenya
Changes in Health and Antiretroviral Adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults in Kenya
A Livelihood Intervention to Reduce the Stigma of HIV in Rural Kenya
Sexual behavior and HIV risk among age-discrepant, same-sex male couples
Research has suggested that men who have sex with men and who have older sexual partners are at increased risk of HIV infection. However, while several studies have explored risk among men in age-discrepant non-primary partnerships, only two have explored age discrepancy and risk in primary same-sex male relationships. We used data from semi-structured in-depth interviews to explore sexual behaviour and HIV risk among 14 Black, white and interrac…
Gendered power dynamics and women’s negotiation of family planning in a high HIV prevalence setting
In sub-Saharan Africa, high burdens of HIV and unmet need for contraception often coexist. Research emphasises the need to engage men and couples in reproductive health, yet couples' negotiations around fertility and family planning in the context of HIV have been sparsely studied. This study examined the gendered power dynamics that frame women's and couples' negotiations of contraceptive use in western Kenya. We conducted 76 in-depth interviews…
Actual versus desired initiation patterns among a sample of college men
Research on men's sexual scripts has tended to overlook that some men do not endorse traditional scripts or that one or both members of a couple might desire a departure from culturally dominant sexual scripts. This study used in-depth interviews with 32 college-aged men from a community college in New York City to examine disjunctures between current and desired sexual initiation patterns. Results show that although men currently practice male-d…
The promises and limitations of gender-transformative health programming with men
Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, researchers and practitioners have engaged in a series of efforts to shift health programming with men from being gender-neutral to being more gender-sensitive and gender-transformative. Efforts in this latter category have been increasingly utilised, particularly in the last decade, and attempt to transform gender relations to be more equitable in the name of improved health …
Sample Size Policy for Qualitative Studies Using In-Depth Interviews
Bad Girls Rule”
Feminist, critical, and postmodern scholars have long recognized sexuality as a site of power relations. The recently released Report of the APA (American Psychological Association) Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls is a welcome addition to ongoing feminist and activist conversations on how to intervene on issues of sexuality in the name of girls' and women's health. This article offers a critical interdisciplinary analysis of this influen…
It’s Not About the Game
Using intersectionality and hegemony theory, we critically analyze mainstream print news media’s response to Don Imus’ exchange on the 2007 NCAA women’s basketball championship game. Content and textual analysis reveals the following media frames: “invisibility and silence”; “controlling images versus women’s self-definitions”; and, “outside the frame: social issues in sport and society.” The paper situates these media frames within a broader soc…
Holding Back
Researchers have highlighted how numerous women in male-dominated occupations face a glass ceiling. Using ethnography and interview work, I argue that this ceiling is also useful to understanding women in fitness. That is, women in fitness-particularly those who seek muscular strength in the weight room-may find their bodily agency limited not by biology but by ideologies of emphasized femininity that structure the upper limit on women's 'success…
Rethinking Gender, Heterosexual Men, and Women's Vulnerability to HIV/Aids
Most HIV prevention literature portrays women as especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of biological susceptibility and men's sexual power and privilege. Conversely, heterosexual men are perceived as active transmitters of HIV but not active agents in prevention. Although the women's vulnerability paradigm was a radical revision of earlier views of women in the epidemic, mounting challenges undermine its current usefulness. We review the…
Men's violence against women and men are inter-related
Impact of a Gender-Transformative HIV and Antiviolence Program on Gender Ideologies and Masculinities in Two Rural, South African Communities
One Man Can' (OMC) is a rights-based gender equality and health program implemented by Sonke Gender Justice Network (Sonke) in South Africa. The program seeks to reduce the spread and impact of HIV and AIDS and reduce violence against women and men. To understand how OMC workshops impact masculinities, gender norms, and perceptions of women's rights, an academic/non-governmental organization (NGO) partnership was carried out with the University o…
Promises and pitfalls of data sharing in qualitative research
What Makes a Woman a Woman?' Versus 'Our First Lady of Sport
Caster Semenya, a South African female track and field star from rural Limpopo South Africa, won the IAAF 2009 World Championships in the 800-meter event. She was then subjected to 'gender-verification' testing. Media reports, especially in the United States, underscored that Semenya underwent gender-verification testing because of her 'deep voice, muscular build, and rapid improvement in times.' Combining content and textual analysis, we conduct…
Getting your Body Back
This investigation explores how contemporary (corporeal) motherhood is constituted in postindustrial consumer culture through a content and textual analysis of Shape Fit Pregnancy. Using all available issues of the magazine from its inception in 1997 to 2003, the authors first underscore a key tension surrounding pregnant women's bodies within health and fitness discourse: That the pregnant form is presented as maternally successful yet aesthetic…
Men's Perceptions of Women's Rights and Changing Gender Relations in South Africa
Emerging out of increased attention to gender equality within violence and HIV prevention efforts in South African society has been an intensified focus on masculinities. Garnering a deeper understanding of how men respond to shifting gender relations and rights on the ground is of urgent importance, particularly since social constructions of gender are implicated in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. As social scientists collaborating on a rights-based HIV …
Development and Validation of a Reproductive Autonomy Scale
No validated measures are currently available to assess women's ability to achieve their reproductive intentions, also referred to as “reproductive autonomy.” We developed and validated a multidimensional instrument that can measure reproductive autonomy. We generated a pool of 26 items and included them in a survey that was conducted among 1,892 women at 13 family planning and 6 abortion facilities in the United States. Fourteen items were selec…
Policing the Boundaries of Sex
On August 19, 2009, Caster Semenya, South African track star, won a gold medal in the women's 800-meter event. According to media reports, on the same day, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) ordered Semenya to undergo gender verification testing. This article critically assesses the main concepts and claims that undergird international sport organizations' policies regarding "gender verification" or "sex testing." We ex…
Disciplining the Body”
This paper analyzes how mainstream print media polices sexuality through framings of HIV-positive male athletes. We analyze the HIV-positive announcements of Magic Johnson, Greg Louganis, and Tommy Morrison. Specifically, we discuss differences between the framing of gay men (Louganis) and self-identified heterosexual men (Johnson and Morrison). First, there is an extensive search for the ways Magic Johnson and Tommy Morrison contracted HIV/AIDS.…
Beyond the Male Condom
As the number of HIV infections in women has increased, there has been a concomitant recognition that prevention efforts to reduce sexual transmission must address the gendered context in which risk behavior occurs. This paper provides a longitudinal perspective on the emergence of the HIV epidemic in U.S. women and the parallel development of interventions to reduce risk. In the first portion of this paper, we briefly discuss the growth of the e…
Intimate partner violence among rural South African men
Nearly one-third of South African men report enacting intimate partner violence. Beyond the direct health consequences for women, intimate partner violence is also linked to varied risk behaviours among men who enact it, including alcohol abuse, risky sex, and poor healthcare uptake. Little is known about how to reduce violence perpetration among men. We conducted retrospective, in-depth interviews with men (n = 53) who participated in a rural So…
Going Beyond “ABC” to Include “GEM”
A considerable number of studies have sought to identify what factors accounted for substantial reductions in HIV seroprevalence after several countries deployed “ABC” (abstinence, be faithful, condom use) strategies. After much public discourse and research on ABC success stories, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2004 epidemic report indicated that nearly 50% of infected people worldwide were women, up from 35% in 1985. In light of…
The promises and limitations of female-initiated methods of HIV/STI protection
One Man Can’
One Man Can' (OMC) is a rights-based gender equality and health programme implemented by Sonke Gender Justice in South Africa. It has been featured as an example of best practice by the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and the UN Population Fund, and translated into nearly a dozen languages and implemented all across Africa. South Africa has strong gender and HIV-related policies, but the highest documented level of men's violence against women…
Real Men Don't”
Research shows that constraining aspects of male gender norms negatively influence both women’s and men’s health. Messaging that draws on norms of masculinity in health programming has been shown to improve both women’s and men’s health, but some types of public health messaging (e.g., Man Up Monday, a media campaign to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections) can reify harmful aspects of hegemonic masculinity that programs are work…
There's No Such Thing as a Gay Hero
In comparing print media coverage of the Greg Louganis and Magic Johnson HIV-positive / AIDS announcements, there is strikingly different treatment of the two men. Specifically, the authors determined whether the athlete is framed as a hero, victim, or carrier with regard to his HIV-positive status. Johnson is unequivocally framed as a hero in the vast majority of articles. By contrast, Louganis almost never is framed solely as a hero and often i…
Sexual Scripts of Women
She mixes her business
There's No Such Thing as a Gay Hero
In comparing print media coverage of the Greg Louganis and Magic Johnson HIV-positive / AIDS announcements, there is strikingly different treatment of the two men. Specifically, the authors determined whether the athlete is framed as a hero, victim, or carrier with regard to his HIV-positive status. Johnson is unequivocally framed as a hero in the vast majority of articles. By contrast, Louganis almost never is framed solely as a hero and often i…
Audio-Visual Review
Disciplining the Body”
This paper analyzes how mainstream print media polices sexuality through framings of HIV-positive male athletes. We analyze the HIV-positive announcements of Magic Johnson, Greg Louganis, and Tommy Morrison. Specifically, we discuss differences between the framing of gay men (Louganis) and self-identified heterosexual men (Johnson and Morrison). First, there is an extensive search for the ways Magic Johnson and Tommy Morrison contracted HIV/AIDS.…
Bodymakers
Holding Back
Researchers have highlighted how numerous women in male-dominated occupations face a glass ceiling. Using ethnography and interview work, I argue that this ceiling is also useful to understanding women in fitness. That is, women in fitness-particularly those who seek muscular strength in the weight room-may find their bodily agency limited not by biology but by ideologies of emphasized femininity that structure the upper limit on women's 'success…
Introduction
Beyond the Male Condom
As the number of HIV infections in women has increased, there has been a concomitant recognition that prevention efforts to reduce sexual transmission must address the gendered context in which risk behavior occurs. This paper provides a longitudinal perspective on the emergence of the HIV epidemic in U.S. women and the parallel development of interventions to reduce risk. In the first portion of this paper, we briefly discuss the growth of the e…
Getting your Body Back
This investigation explores how contemporary (corporeal) motherhood is constituted in postindustrial consumer culture through a content and textual analysis of Shape Fit Pregnancy. Using all available issues of the magazine from its inception in 1997 to 2003, the authors first underscore a key tension surrounding pregnant women's bodies within health and fitness discourse: That the pregnant form is presented as maternally successful yet aesthetic…
Who is epidemiologically fathomable in the HIV/Aids epidemic? Gender, sexuality, and intersectionality in public health
This paper examines the shifting nature of contemporary epidemiological classifications in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It first looks at assumptions that guide a discourse of vulnerability and circulate around risk categories. It then examines the underlying emphasis in public health on the popular frame of "vulnerable women" who acquire HIV through heterosexual transmission. Drawing on work on gender, sexuality, and intersectionality, the paper asks …
Actual versus desired initiation patterns among a sample of college men
Research on men's sexual scripts has tended to overlook that some men do not endorse traditional scripts or that one or both members of a couple might desire a departure from culturally dominant sexual scripts. This study used in-depth interviews with 32 college-aged men from a community college in New York City to examine disjunctures between current and desired sexual initiation patterns. Results show that although men currently practice male-d…
Revisiting “Success”
Structural Interventions
Give-and-take in safer sex negotiations
The promises and limitations of female-initiated methods of HIV/STI protection
Going Beyond “ABC” to Include “GEM”
A considerable number of studies have sought to identify what factors accounted for substantial reductions in HIV seroprevalence after several countries deployed “ABC” (abstinence, be faithful, condom use) strategies. After much public discourse and research on ABC success stories, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2004 epidemic report indicated that nearly 50% of infected people worldwide were women, up from 35% in 1985. In light of…
Sexual Scripts of Women
Keeping the Spirit of Community Partnerships Alive in the Scale Up of HIV/Aids Prevention
DEBI, or the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions is the largest centralized effort to diffuse evidence‐based prevention science to fight HIV/AIDS in the United States. DEBI seeks to ensure that the most effective science‐based prevention interventions are widely implemented across the country in community‐based organizations. Thus, this is a particularly timely juncture in which to critically reflect on the extent to which known princ…
Microfinance and HIV/Aids Prevention
Researchers increasingly argue that poverty and gender inequality exacerbate the spread of HIV/AIDS and that economic empowerment can therefore assist in the prevention and mitigation of the disease, particularly for women. This paper critically evaluates such claims. First, we examine the promises and limits of integrated HIV/AIDS prevention and microfinance programs by examining the available evidence base. We then propose future research agend…
Relationship Power and Sexual Risk among Women in Community-Based Substance Abuse Treatment
Bad Girls Rule”
Feminist, critical, and postmodern scholars have long recognized sexuality as a site of power relations. The recently released Report of the APA (American Psychological Association) Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls is a welcome addition to ongoing feminist and activist conversations on how to intervene on issues of sexuality in the name of girls' and women's health. This article offers a critical interdisciplinary analysis of this influen…
Are HIV/Aids Prevention Interventions for Heterosexually Active Men in the United States Gender-Specific
Although gender-specific theories are often deployed in interventions to reduce women's HIV risks, the same is often not true for interventions among men. Theories of masculinity are not guiding most US research on the risky sexual behavior of heterosexual men or on what can be done to intervene. We first assess the extent to which evidence-based HIV-prevention interventions among heterosexually active men in the United States draw upon relevant …
Toward an Interdisciplinary Dialogue on Youth, Sexualization, and Health
The commentaries in this issue of the Journal of Sex Research by Vanwesenbeeck and Else-Quest and Hyde on “Bad Girls Rule” are connected to two larger conversations concerning (a) the intersections of sexuality, objectification, culture, health, and power; and (b) academics as public scholars. Vanwesenbeeck makes the case for considering both the risks and the rights associated with sexualization. Else-Quest and Hyde argue for the need to use a d…
Dying Inside
It’s Not About the Game
Using intersectionality and hegemony theory, we critically analyze mainstream print news media’s response to Don Imus’ exchange on the 2007 NCAA women’s basketball championship game. Content and textual analysis reveals the following media frames: “invisibility and silence”; “controlling images versus women’s self-definitions”; and, “outside the frame: social issues in sport and society.” The paper situates these media frames within a broader soc…
Rethinking Gender, Heterosexual Men, and Women's Vulnerability to HIV/Aids
Most HIV prevention literature portrays women as especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of biological susceptibility and men's sexual power and privilege. Conversely, heterosexual men are perceived as active transmitters of HIV but not active agents in prevention. Although the women's vulnerability paradigm was a radical revision of earlier views of women in the epidemic, mounting challenges undermine its current usefulness. We review the…
Medicine (60 works) · Psychology (57 works) · Sociology (53 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (45 works) · Political science (35 works) · Gender Studies (33 works) · Public health (30 works) · Family medicine (26 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (25 works) · Nursing (25 works)