Linda E Saltzman
Biographic Data
| ID | 165696 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Linda E Saltzman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Linda E |
| FAMILY NAME | Saltzman |
| SIGNATURE | SALTZMAN L E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 188 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Homicide: A Leading Cause of Injury Deaths Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States, 1991–1999
Objectives. We identified risk factors for pregnancy-associated homicide (women who died as a result of homicide during or within 1 year of pregnancy) in the United States from 1991 to 1999. Methods. Pregnancy-associated homicides were analyzed with data from the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. Six hundred seventeen (8.4%) homicide deaths were reported to the Pregnancy Mortality …
Utility of Hospital Emergency Department Data for Studying Intimate Partner Violence
The authors examine 12 months of emergency department visit data (N= 2,521) from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program and explore its utility for measuring and studying intimate partner violence. Given the dearth of national data on intimate partner violence-related injury and its potential value for public health surveillance and prevention, the data set appears promising for estimating national rates of emergenc…
Definitional and Methodological Issues Related to Transnational Research on Intimate Partner Violence
To address intimate partner violence (IPV) transnationally, we must examine standardization of both terminology and measurement. This article comments on public health surveillance and efforts toward standardizing terminology on violence against women and IPV. Starting with information about IPV from two U.S. surveys, it identifies issues including cueing and screening questions, survey context, repeat victimization, bounding, and question order …
Physical Abuse Around the Time of Pregnancy: An Examination of Prevalence and Risk Factors in 16 States
A Comparison of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence–Related Injury Across Two National Surveys on Violence Against Women
This study compares risk factors for intimate partner violence–related injury across two national data sources on violence against women, the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey and the National Violence Against Women Survey in the United States. After equating the data sets as much as possible on the types of violence experienced and risk factors, the authors determined which risk factors in each data source predicted injury and compared the …
The Nature and Extent of Recurring Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States
Physicians play a key part in society's response to violence against women. Their professional role affords them the opportunity to talk privately with women, identify victims of abuse, and offer support. However physicians' own history of victimization may undermine their ability to assist battered women. We used an anonymous, selfreport survey to describe the violence history of students enrolled at a medical school, and explore the relationshi…
Improving Intimate Partner Violence Protocols for Emergency Departments: An Assessment Tool and Findings
A Protocol Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to assess emergency departments's (EDs's) protocols regarding treatment of patients sustaining partner violence. Using this tool, project staff members evaluated the content of written protocols submitted by ED nurse managers in California and in a national sample in 1992-1993 and in 1996-1997. The number of protocols and their overall content improved significantly in California between 1992-1993 an…
Risk Factors for Physical Injury Among Women Assaulted by Current or Former Spouses
This study examined risk factors for physical injuries resulting from partner violence using data from the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey. Multivariate results indicated that experiencing violence before the union, having a partner who was drinking at the time of the assault, having children who witnessed the assault, experiencing previous violence by the same partner, fearing one's life was in danger, and experiencing high levels of emot…
Screening for intimate partner violence by health care providersBarriers and interventions
Violence and Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions
Pregnancy Intendedness and Physical Abuse Around the Time of Pregnancy: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 1996–1997
Future Directions for Violence Against Women and Reproductive Health: Science, Prevention, and Action
National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide: United States, 1976-1995
The authors investigated U.S. trends in intimate partner homicide stratified by relationship type and race during the period 1976 to 1995. Data sources were the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the United States Current Population Survey. Rates of homicide victimization decreased during the past 20 years among all intimate partners except for White, unmarried females. The authors explore possible explanations for these trends. Results replicate …
Guest Editor's Introduction
Guest Editor's Introduction
Estimating Hospital Charges Associated With Intimate Violence
The cost of treating intimate violence can be estimated by using data collected by hospital-based programs that identify and document such violence. This article examines previous methods applied to estimate hospital charges associated with violence as well as our own experience using data collected by a hospital-based violence prevention program in Chicago, Illinois. Five basic steps for estimating hospital charges associated with treating intim…
Violence during pregnancy: Measurement issues
OBJECTIVES: Standardized quantitative methods are needed to study occurrence and timing of violence in relation to pregnancy and to study the context in which pregnancy-related violence occurs. METHODS: Data from three published studies of prevalence of violence during pregnancy are used to illustrate ways to measure the association of violence in relation to pregnancy. RESULTS: Four patterns of violence in relation to pregnancy are identified, a…
Public Health Screening for Intimate Violence
To determine which community agencies were promising sites for public-health screening for intimate assaults, we reviewed police records of 142 victim-perpetrator pairs involved in intimate assaults in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1984. Records of contacts the pairs had with the major county hospital serving Atlanta and with six other community agencies had previously been reviewed. Epidemiologic screening markers of sensitivity and predictive value posi…
Behavioral science activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: A selected overview of exemplary programs
Behavioral research and surveillance activities are conducted across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article highlights activities in 4 program areas: violence against women, tuberculosis elimination, HIV prevention, and occupational health. The unique constraints and opportunities of each organization and program focus have shaped the way research has developed in each of these areas. Behavioral scientists also face ma…
The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns
OBJECTIVE: To determine if pregnancy intendedness is associated with physical violence, and to identify factors that modify this association. METHODS: Three to 6 months after delivery, we mailed a questionnaire to a population-based sample of 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990 and 1991 in four states. We used multiple logistic regression to compute odds ratios. RESULTS: The state-specific prevalences (+/- standard error) of physical viole…
Identification of nonfatal family and intimate assault incidents in police data
We examined different strategies for identifying nonfatal family and intimate assaults (FIAs) in police data. Police most often classify such incidents in the "assault" category, but they also use other crime categories. We estimated that, during 1984, 3300 FIAs (or 837 per 100,000 population) occurred in Atlanta. Of those, 77% were classified as assaults; 23% were classified in nonassault categories. Research measuring the magnitude of FIAs shou…
Policing "Domestic" Violence: Women, the Law and the State
The state and policing - the under-representation of women's interests the law and its operation the police role - using discretion? the extent of the problem - how widespread is domestic violence? women's experience of violence and protection current developments in the policing and prosecution of violence against women
Suicides among older United States residents: Epidemiologic characteristics and trends
Suicide rates for elderly US residents decreased between 1950 and 1980, but have increased recently. We analyzed suicide mortality trends using national mortality data for the period 1980 through 1986. Suicide rates during this period increased for each 5-year age group over age 65. Elderly White males have the highest suicide rates and experienced a rate increase of 23%. The rate for Black males rose by 42%. Divorced males have the highest age-a…
Family Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Fatal violence among spouses in the United States, 1976-85
In this paper we examine patterns and trends in homicides between marriage partners in the United States for 1976 through 1985 using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplemental Homicide Reports (FBI-SHR). We identified 16,595 spouse homicides accounting for 8.8 per cent of all homicides reported to the FBI-SHR during this 10-year period. The rate of spouse homicide for this 10-year period was 1.6 per 100,000 married persons. The …
Perceived Risk and Social Control: Do Sanctions Really Deter
Perceptual deterrence researchers have used simple cross-sectional correlations between prior behavior and current perceptions to study the effect of legal threats on social control. Such designs are inadequate because they: (1) confuse the causal ordering of perceptions and behavior, and (2) fail to take into account other inhibitory factors in an explicit causal model. In an analysis of panel data, the methodological simplicity of earlier studi…
Assessments of Risk and Behavioral Experience: An Exploratory Study of Change
This study examines the relationship between assessments of the risk of punishment and self‐reported involvement in three illegal behaviors in a sample of college‐aged respondents. It is found that those respondents who had not yet committed a particular offense were more likely to perceive a greater certainty of punishment than those with experience in committing the offense. For two of three offenses the effect of becoming involved in offending…
Fatal violence among spouses in the United States, 1976-85
In this paper we examine patterns and trends in homicides between marriage partners in the United States for 1976 through 1985 using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplemental Homicide Reports (FBI-SHR). We identified 16,595 spouse homicides accounting for 8.8 per cent of all homicides reported to the FBI-SHR during this 10-year period. The rate of spouse homicide for this 10-year period was 1.6 per 100,000 married persons. The …
Homicide: A Leading Cause of Injury Deaths Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States, 1991–1999
Objectives. We identified risk factors for pregnancy-associated homicide (women who died as a result of homicide during or within 1 year of pregnancy) in the United States from 1991 to 1999. Methods. Pregnancy-associated homicides were analyzed with data from the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. Six hundred seventeen (8.4%) homicide deaths were reported to the Pregnancy Mortality …
A Comparison of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence–Related Injury Across Two National Surveys on Violence Against Women
This study compares risk factors for intimate partner violence–related injury across two national data sources on violence against women, the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey and the National Violence Against Women Survey in the United States. After equating the data sets as much as possible on the types of violence experienced and risk factors, the authors determined which risk factors in each data source predicted injury and compared the …
Suicides among older United States residents: Epidemiologic characteristics and trends
Suicide rates for elderly US residents decreased between 1950 and 1980, but have increased recently. We analyzed suicide mortality trends using national mortality data for the period 1980 through 1986. Suicide rates during this period increased for each 5-year age group over age 65. Elderly White males have the highest suicide rates and experienced a rate increase of 23%. The rate for Black males rose by 42%. Divorced males have the highest age-a…
National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide: United States, 1976-1995
The authors investigated U.S. trends in intimate partner homicide stratified by relationship type and race during the period 1976 to 1995. Data sources were the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the United States Current Population Survey. Rates of homicide victimization decreased during the past 20 years among all intimate partners except for White, unmarried females. The authors explore possible explanations for these trends. Results replicate …
Definitional and Methodological Issues Related to Transnational Research on Intimate Partner Violence
To address intimate partner violence (IPV) transnationally, we must examine standardization of both terminology and measurement. This article comments on public health surveillance and efforts toward standardizing terminology on violence against women and IPV. Starting with information about IPV from two U.S. surveys, it identifies issues including cueing and screening questions, survey context, repeat victimization, bounding, and question order …
Violence during pregnancy: Measurement issues
OBJECTIVES: Standardized quantitative methods are needed to study occurrence and timing of violence in relation to pregnancy and to study the context in which pregnancy-related violence occurs. METHODS: Data from three published studies of prevalence of violence during pregnancy are used to illustrate ways to measure the association of violence in relation to pregnancy. RESULTS: Four patterns of violence in relation to pregnancy are identified, a…
Utility of Hospital Emergency Department Data for Studying Intimate Partner Violence
The authors examine 12 months of emergency department visit data (N= 2,521) from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program and explore its utility for measuring and studying intimate partner violence. Given the dearth of national data on intimate partner violence-related injury and its potential value for public health surveillance and prevention, the data set appears promising for estimating national rates of emergenc…
The Nature and Extent of Recurring Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States
Physicians play a key part in society's response to violence against women. Their professional role affords them the opportunity to talk privately with women, identify victims of abuse, and offer support. However physicians' own history of victimization may undermine their ability to assist battered women. We used an anonymous, selfreport survey to describe the violence history of students enrolled at a medical school, and explore the relationshi…
Improving Intimate Partner Violence Protocols for Emergency Departments: An Assessment Tool and Findings
A Protocol Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to assess emergency departments's (EDs's) protocols regarding treatment of patients sustaining partner violence. Using this tool, project staff members evaluated the content of written protocols submitted by ED nurse managers in California and in a national sample in 1992-1993 and in 1996-1997. The number of protocols and their overall content improved significantly in California between 1992-1993 an…
Guest Editor's Introduction
Public Health Screening for Intimate Violence
To determine which community agencies were promising sites for public-health screening for intimate assaults, we reviewed police records of 142 victim-perpetrator pairs involved in intimate assaults in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1984. Records of contacts the pairs had with the major county hospital serving Atlanta and with six other community agencies had previously been reviewed. Epidemiologic screening markers of sensitivity and predictive value posi…
Behavioral science activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: A selected overview of exemplary programs
Behavioral research and surveillance activities are conducted across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article highlights activities in 4 program areas: violence against women, tuberculosis elimination, HIV prevention, and occupational health. The unique constraints and opportunities of each organization and program focus have shaped the way research has developed in each of these areas. Behavioral scientists also face ma…
Risk Factors for Physical Injury Among Women Assaulted by Current or Former Spouses
This study examined risk factors for physical injuries resulting from partner violence using data from the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey. Multivariate results indicated that experiencing violence before the union, having a partner who was drinking at the time of the assault, having children who witnessed the assault, experiencing previous violence by the same partner, fearing one's life was in danger, and experiencing high levels of emot…
Identification of nonfatal family and intimate assault incidents in police data
We examined different strategies for identifying nonfatal family and intimate assaults (FIAs) in police data. Police most often classify such incidents in the "assault" category, but they also use other crime categories. We estimated that, during 1984, 3300 FIAs (or 837 per 100,000 population) occurred in Atlanta. Of those, 77% were classified as assaults; 23% were classified in nonassault categories. Research measuring the magnitude of FIAs shou…
Sanctions and Social Deviance: The Question of Deterrence
Sanctions and Social Deviance: The Question of Deterrence
Deterrent and Experiential Effects: The Problem of Causal Order in Perceptual Deterrence Research
This paper reports on the first longitudinal study to consider the relationship between perceptions of legal sanctions and self-reported criminality. The longitudinal design helps to address the problem of interpreting causal order that traditionally has troubled deterrence researchers using cross-sectional data. Self-reports of unlawful behavior (petty theft, marijuana use, payment using bad checks) over the past year are correlated both with pe…
Perceived Risk and Social Control: Do Sanctions Really Deter
Perceptual deterrence researchers have used simple cross-sectional correlations between prior behavior and current perceptions to study the effect of legal threats on social control. Such designs are inadequate because they: (1) confuse the causal ordering of perceptions and behavior, and (2) fail to take into account other inhibitory factors in an explicit causal model. In an analysis of panel data, the methodological simplicity of earlier studi…
Assessments of Risk and Behavioral Experience: An Exploratory Study of Change
This study examines the relationship between assessments of the risk of punishment and self‐reported involvement in three illegal behaviors in a sample of college‐aged respondents. It is found that those respondents who had not yet committed a particular offense were more likely to perceive a greater certainty of punishment than those with experience in committing the offense. For two of three offenses the effect of becoming involved in offending…
The Feasibility of Teaching Professionalism in Criminal Justice
In this paper I describe a lower division sociology course developed at Mankato State University (Mankato, Minnesota) and consider the feasibility of using such a course to teach professionalism in criminal justice. Careers in Criminal Justice was developed by the Mankato State Corrections Program because faculty advisors and fieldpractice supervisors were concerned about students entering corrections internships. The students often appeared to l…
Fatal violence among spouses in the United States, 1976-85
In this paper we examine patterns and trends in homicides between marriage partners in the United States for 1976 through 1985 using data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplemental Homicide Reports (FBI-SHR). We identified 16,595 spouse homicides accounting for 8.8 per cent of all homicides reported to the FBI-SHR during this 10-year period. The rate of spouse homicide for this 10-year period was 1.6 per 100,000 married persons. The …
Family Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Policing "Domestic" Violence: Women, the Law and the State
The state and policing - the under-representation of women's interests the law and its operation the police role - using discretion? the extent of the problem - how widespread is domestic violence? women's experience of violence and protection current developments in the policing and prosecution of violence against women
Suicides among older United States residents: Epidemiologic characteristics and trends
Suicide rates for elderly US residents decreased between 1950 and 1980, but have increased recently. We analyzed suicide mortality trends using national mortality data for the period 1980 through 1986. Suicide rates during this period increased for each 5-year age group over age 65. Elderly White males have the highest suicide rates and experienced a rate increase of 23%. The rate for Black males rose by 42%. Divorced males have the highest age-a…
Identification of nonfatal family and intimate assault incidents in police data
We examined different strategies for identifying nonfatal family and intimate assaults (FIAs) in police data. Police most often classify such incidents in the "assault" category, but they also use other crime categories. We estimated that, during 1984, 3300 FIAs (or 837 per 100,000 population) occurred in Atlanta. Of those, 77% were classified as assaults; 23% were classified in nonassault categories. Research measuring the magnitude of FIAs shou…
The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns
OBJECTIVE: To determine if pregnancy intendedness is associated with physical violence, and to identify factors that modify this association. METHODS: Three to 6 months after delivery, we mailed a questionnaire to a population-based sample of 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990 and 1991 in four states. We used multiple logistic regression to compute odds ratios. RESULTS: The state-specific prevalences (+/- standard error) of physical viole…
Public Health Screening for Intimate Violence
To determine which community agencies were promising sites for public-health screening for intimate assaults, we reviewed police records of 142 victim-perpetrator pairs involved in intimate assaults in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1984. Records of contacts the pairs had with the major county hospital serving Atlanta and with six other community agencies had previously been reviewed. Epidemiologic screening markers of sensitivity and predictive value posi…
Behavioral science activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: A selected overview of exemplary programs
Behavioral research and surveillance activities are conducted across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article highlights activities in 4 program areas: violence against women, tuberculosis elimination, HIV prevention, and occupational health. The unique constraints and opportunities of each organization and program focus have shaped the way research has developed in each of these areas. Behavioral scientists also face ma…
Violence during pregnancy: Measurement issues
OBJECTIVES: Standardized quantitative methods are needed to study occurrence and timing of violence in relation to pregnancy and to study the context in which pregnancy-related violence occurs. METHODS: Data from three published studies of prevalence of violence during pregnancy are used to illustrate ways to measure the association of violence in relation to pregnancy. RESULTS: Four patterns of violence in relation to pregnancy are identified, a…
Estimating Hospital Charges Associated With Intimate Violence
The cost of treating intimate violence can be estimated by using data collected by hospital-based programs that identify and document such violence. This article examines previous methods applied to estimate hospital charges associated with violence as well as our own experience using data collected by a hospital-based violence prevention program in Chicago, Illinois. Five basic steps for estimating hospital charges associated with treating intim…
Screening for intimate partner violence by health care providersBarriers and interventions
Violence and Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions
Pregnancy Intendedness and Physical Abuse Around the Time of Pregnancy: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 1996–1997
Future Directions for Violence Against Women and Reproductive Health: Science, Prevention, and Action
National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide: United States, 1976-1995
The authors investigated U.S. trends in intimate partner homicide stratified by relationship type and race during the period 1976 to 1995. Data sources were the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the United States Current Population Survey. Rates of homicide victimization decreased during the past 20 years among all intimate partners except for White, unmarried females. The authors explore possible explanations for these trends. Results replicate …
Guest Editor's Introduction
Guest Editor's Introduction
Risk Factors for Physical Injury Among Women Assaulted by Current or Former Spouses
This study examined risk factors for physical injuries resulting from partner violence using data from the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey. Multivariate results indicated that experiencing violence before the union, having a partner who was drinking at the time of the assault, having children who witnessed the assault, experiencing previous violence by the same partner, fearing one's life was in danger, and experiencing high levels of emot…
Improving Intimate Partner Violence Protocols for Emergency Departments: An Assessment Tool and Findings
A Protocol Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to assess emergency departments's (EDs's) protocols regarding treatment of patients sustaining partner violence. Using this tool, project staff members evaluated the content of written protocols submitted by ED nurse managers in California and in a national sample in 1992-1993 and in 1996-1997. The number of protocols and their overall content improved significantly in California between 1992-1993 an…
Physical Abuse Around the Time of Pregnancy: An Examination of Prevalence and Risk Factors in 16 States
Medicine (23 works) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (20 works) · Poison control (20 works) · Suicide prevention (17 works) · Domestic violence (15 works) · Environmental health (14 works) · Injury prevention (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Occupational safety and health (13 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (12 works)