Michael H Birnbaum
Biographic Data
| ID | 1659458 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael H Birnbaum |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael H |
| FAMILY NAME | Birnbaum |
| SIGNATURE | BIRNBAUM M H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2584-2007 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 69 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Evidence against prospect theories in gambles with positive, negative, and mixed consequences
Human Research and Data Collection via the Internet
Advantages and disadvantages of Web and lab research are reviewed. Via the World Wide Web, one can efficiently recruit large, heterogeneous samples quickly, recruit specialized samples (people with rare characteristics), and standardize procedures, making studies easy to replicate. Alternative programming techniques (procedures for data collection) are compared, including client-side as opposed to server-side programming. Web studies have methodo…
Dominance violations in judged prices of two‐ and three‐outcome gambles
The dominance principle states that one should prefer the option with consequences that are at least as good as those of other options for any state of the world. When applied to judged prices of gambles, the dominance principle requires that increasing one or more outcomes of a gamble should increase the judged price of the gamble, with everything else held constant. Previous research has uncovered systematic violations of the dominance principl…
Relationships among models of salary bias
Relationships among models of salary bias
Henry Imus 1951-1952 Experimental Office of Naval Research Clarence Graham 1952-1953 Experimental Columbia University W. D. Neff 1953-1954 Physiological University of Chicago Dean Farnsworth 1958-1959 Experimental Navy Medical Service Corps Lee Cronbach 1955-1956 Educational University of Illinois Frank A. Geldard 1956-1957 Experimental University of Virginia Alphonse 1960-1961 Engineering Johns Hopkins Chapanis University John Lanzetta 1962-1963…
Contextual effects in social judgment
Bayesian inference
Michael H. BirnbaumUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignBarbara A. MellersUniversity of California, BerkeleySubjects made judgments of the probability of an event given informationand the opinion of a source. Base rate and the source's hit and false-alarm rateswere manipulated in a within-subjects design. Hit rate and false-alarm rate weremanipulated to produce sources of varied expertise and bias. The base rate, thesource's opinion, and the…
On the one-mediator null hypothesis of salary equity
certain values of a than Birnbaum's diagnostic test would allow. What values of a and m would be plausible in any given application, of course, would depend on the specifics of the situation. Ideally, one might wish to construct a model of the past salary policies pursued by the institution, treating each of the components of M as individual variables to obtain reasonable estimates of m and a. However, in the absence of any information about the …
On the one-mediator null hypothesis of salary equity
Reply to McLaughlin
Reply to McLaughlin
equal to unity if one intends to consider only the second of the two partial correlations for either theoretical discussion or social action.On the other hand, when the two partial correlations are compared, there are possible outcomes that allow one to reject the null hypothesis of no discrimination in salary based on sex for a given definition of merit.It is inaccurate for McLaughlin to characterize Birnbaum's approach as atheoretical and his o…
Thinking and feeling
Thinking and feeling
Measuring the importance of cues in judgment for individuals
Is there sex bias in salaries of psychologists
Is there sex bias in salaries of psychologists
Source credibility in social judgment
Mathematical models of source credibility were tested in five experiments in which judges estimated the value of hypothetical used cars based on blue book value and/or estimates provided by sources who examined the cars. The sources varied in mechanical expertise and in bias; they were described as friends of the buyer or seller of the car or as neutral. Individuals judged the highest price the buyer should pay, the lowest price the seller should…
One-mediator model of exposure effects is still viable
Birnbaum and Mellers criticized the use of partial correlation and multiple regression by Moreland and Zajonc to argue for two independent effects of stimulus exposure on liking. The null hypothesis that one variable mediates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables was not tested by their analyses. In response, Moreland and Zajonc reanalyzed their data, using structural equations analysis, and replied that there is evide…
Stimulus recognition may mediate exposure effects
Moreland and Zajonc presented stimuli with differential numbers of exposures to subjects and obtained measures of affect (e.g., ratings of liking) and ratings of familiarity. Exposure frequency and ratings of familiarity were both significant predictors of affect in a multiple regression equation. Moreland and Zajonc concluded that there are two effects, and thus the exposure effect could not be explained by a stimulus recognition factor alone. H…
Test of an additive model of social inference
Ratings of a hypothetical person's attitude or likely behavior toward a group are a nonadditive function of his/her attitudes or behaviors toward subgroups. The effect of a person's attitude toward one of several subgroups is inversely related to the total number of attitudes or behaviors toward different subgroups. Addition of neutral instances raises the ratings of sets of low-valued items and lowers the ratings of high-valued sets. These criti…
Reply to the devil's advocates
correlation-regression approach to model testing, contending that if a priori measurements are assumed to be proper psychological values and if the correct model is known, correlations can be higher for the better model. But since psychologists cannot know in advance the correct scales and models, popular correlational techniques are inappropriate for investigating psychological processes. It is necessary to separate measurement from the evaluati…
The devil rides again
Correlations between theoretical predictions and data can be higher for incorrect than for correct models, as illustrated by analyses of two sets of hypothetical data. This fact raises questions about the conclusions of recent studies that use correlation as an index of fit. Functional measurement provides a sounder basis for model evaluation by placing scaling in the context of model fitting and by testing deviations from prediction rather than …
Source credibility in social judgment
Mathematical models of source credibility were tested in five experiments in which judges estimated the value of hypothetical used cars based on blue book value and/or estimates provided by sources who examined the cars. The sources varied in mechanical expertise and in bias; they were described as friends of the buyer or seller of the car or as neutral. Individuals judged the highest price the buyer should pay, the lowest price the seller should…
Contextual effects in social judgment
Bayesian inference
Michael H. BirnbaumUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignBarbara A. MellersUniversity of California, BerkeleySubjects made judgments of the probability of an event given informationand the opinion of a source. Base rate and the source's hit and false-alarm rateswere manipulated in a within-subjects design. Hit rate and false-alarm rate weremanipulated to produce sources of varied expertise and bias. The base rate, thesource's opinion, and the…
Measuring the importance of cues in judgment for individuals
Stimulus recognition may mediate exposure effects
Moreland and Zajonc presented stimuli with differential numbers of exposures to subjects and obtained measures of affect (e.g., ratings of liking) and ratings of familiarity. Exposure frequency and ratings of familiarity were both significant predictors of affect in a multiple regression equation. Moreland and Zajonc concluded that there are two effects, and thus the exposure effect could not be explained by a stimulus recognition factor alone. H…
Reply to the devil's advocates
correlation-regression approach to model testing, contending that if a priori measurements are assumed to be proper psychological values and if the correct model is known, correlations can be higher for the better model. But since psychologists cannot know in advance the correct scales and models, popular correlational techniques are inappropriate for investigating psychological processes. It is necessary to separate measurement from the evaluati…
Evidence against prospect theories in gambles with positive, negative, and mixed consequences
Test of an additive model of social inference
Ratings of a hypothetical person's attitude or likely behavior toward a group are a nonadditive function of his/her attitudes or behaviors toward subgroups. The effect of a person's attitude toward one of several subgroups is inversely related to the total number of attitudes or behaviors toward different subgroups. Addition of neutral instances raises the ratings of sets of low-valued items and lowers the ratings of high-valued sets. These criti…
The devil rides again
Correlations between theoretical predictions and data can be higher for incorrect than for correct models, as illustrated by analyses of two sets of hypothetical data. This fact raises questions about the conclusions of recent studies that use correlation as an index of fit. Functional measurement provides a sounder basis for model evaluation by placing scaling in the context of model fitting and by testing deviations from prediction rather than …
Reply to the devil's advocates
correlation-regression approach to model testing, contending that if a priori measurements are assumed to be proper psychological values and if the correct model is known, correlations can be higher for the better model. But since psychologists cannot know in advance the correct scales and models, popular correlational techniques are inappropriate for investigating psychological processes. It is necessary to separate measurement from the evaluati…
Test of an additive model of social inference
Ratings of a hypothetical person's attitude or likely behavior toward a group are a nonadditive function of his/her attitudes or behaviors toward subgroups. The effect of a person's attitude toward one of several subgroups is inversely related to the total number of attitudes or behaviors toward different subgroups. Addition of neutral instances raises the ratings of sets of low-valued items and lowers the ratings of high-valued sets. These criti…
Is there sex bias in salaries of psychologists
Is there sex bias in salaries of psychologists
Source credibility in social judgment
Mathematical models of source credibility were tested in five experiments in which judges estimated the value of hypothetical used cars based on blue book value and/or estimates provided by sources who examined the cars. The sources varied in mechanical expertise and in bias; they were described as friends of the buyer or seller of the car or as neutral. Individuals judged the highest price the buyer should pay, the lowest price the seller should…
One-mediator model of exposure effects is still viable
Birnbaum and Mellers criticized the use of partial correlation and multiple regression by Moreland and Zajonc to argue for two independent effects of stimulus exposure on liking. The null hypothesis that one variable mediates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables was not tested by their analyses. In response, Moreland and Zajonc reanalyzed their data, using structural equations analysis, and replied that there is evide…
Stimulus recognition may mediate exposure effects
Moreland and Zajonc presented stimuli with differential numbers of exposures to subjects and obtained measures of affect (e.g., ratings of liking) and ratings of familiarity. Exposure frequency and ratings of familiarity were both significant predictors of affect in a multiple regression equation. Moreland and Zajonc concluded that there are two effects, and thus the exposure effect could not be explained by a stimulus recognition factor alone. H…
Reply to McLaughlin
Reply to McLaughlin
equal to unity if one intends to consider only the second of the two partial correlations for either theoretical discussion or social action.On the other hand, when the two partial correlations are compared, there are possible outcomes that allow one to reject the null hypothesis of no discrimination in salary based on sex for a given definition of merit.It is inaccurate for McLaughlin to characterize Birnbaum's approach as atheoretical and his o…
Thinking and feeling
Thinking and feeling
Measuring the importance of cues in judgment for individuals
On the one-mediator null hypothesis of salary equity
certain values of a than Birnbaum's diagnostic test would allow. What values of a and m would be plausible in any given application, of course, would depend on the specifics of the situation. Ideally, one might wish to construct a model of the past salary policies pursued by the institution, treating each of the components of M as individual variables to obtain reasonable estimates of m and a. However, in the absence of any information about the …
On the one-mediator null hypothesis of salary equity
Contextual effects in social judgment
Bayesian inference
Michael H. BirnbaumUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignBarbara A. MellersUniversity of California, BerkeleySubjects made judgments of the probability of an event given informationand the opinion of a source. Base rate and the source's hit and false-alarm rateswere manipulated in a within-subjects design. Hit rate and false-alarm rate weremanipulated to produce sources of varied expertise and bias. The base rate, thesource's opinion, and the…
Relationships among models of salary bias
Relationships among models of salary bias
Henry Imus 1951-1952 Experimental Office of Naval Research Clarence Graham 1952-1953 Experimental Columbia University W. D. Neff 1953-1954 Physiological University of Chicago Dean Farnsworth 1958-1959 Experimental Navy Medical Service Corps Lee Cronbach 1955-1956 Educational University of Illinois Frank A. Geldard 1956-1957 Experimental University of Virginia Alphonse 1960-1961 Engineering Johns Hopkins Chapanis University John Lanzetta 1962-1963…
Dominance violations in judged prices of two‐ and three‐outcome gambles
The dominance principle states that one should prefer the option with consequences that are at least as good as those of other options for any state of the world. When applied to judged prices of gambles, the dominance principle requires that increasing one or more outcomes of a gamble should increase the judged price of the gamble, with everything else held constant. Previous research has uncovered systematic violations of the dominance principl…
Human Research and Data Collection via the Internet
Advantages and disadvantages of Web and lab research are reviewed. Via the World Wide Web, one can efficiently recruit large, heterogeneous samples quickly, recruit specialized samples (people with rare characteristics), and standardize procedures, making studies easy to replicate. Alternative programming techniques (procedures for data collection) are compared, including client-side as opposed to server-side programming. Web studies have methodo…
Evidence against prospect theories in gambles with positive, negative, and mixed consequences
Psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Econometrics (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Cognitive psychology (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Economics (6 works) · Statistics (6 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Political science (5 works)