Benjamin L Hankin
Biographic Data
| ID | 1659585 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Benjamin L Hankin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Benjamin L |
| FAMILY NAME | Hankin |
| SIGNATURE | HANKIN B L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2446-0258 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 175 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 45 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Fetal Cortisol Exposure and Offspring Socioemotional Development
Glucocorticoids are a commonly proposed pathway through which offspring socioemotional development is shaped by the prenatal environment. However, studies have primarily assessed fetal cortisol exposure indirectly. We examine whether neonatal hair cortisol concentrations, an index of fetal cortisol exposure during the third trimester, are associated with early markers of offspring socioemotional development (negative affectivity and attention to …
Developmental changes in youth affect
The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of social-emotional reorganization involving changes in affect. Most research has examined developmental changes in between-person affect. Few studies have investigated developmental changes in associations between individual emotions and the structure of affective experience in youth across developmental age. This study used exploratory graph analysis to assess developmental changes in emo…
Early Adolescent Social Anxiety and (mal)Adaptive Responses to Interpersonal Stress
Anxiety, broadly, has been found to relate to emotion regulation strategy use; however, there is limited understanding of how discrete types of anxiety are associated with emotion regulation. The current study addressed this gap by examining associations between social and physical anxiety symptoms and adolescents’ use of maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies in response to daily-life interpersonal stress. Participants included 1…
Growth following adversity is rare
The idea that adversity is necessary for psychological growth pervades cultural narratives and lay theories. We empirically tested this notion with a multi-informant, longitudinal study of children and adolescents ( n = 682). Initial adversity was not associated with change in effortful control and emotional stability, while increasing adversity was negatively correlated with growth. However, a small sub-group of individuals still managed to grow…
Neonatal Hair Cortisol and Birth Outcomes
OBJECTIVE: Prenatal stress physiology is often posited as a predictor of birth outcomes, including gestational age at birth and birthweight. However, research has predominantly relied on indicators in the maternal system, with few studies examining hormones of the fetal system. The current study focuses on fetal cortisol in the third trimester, as measured in neonatal hair, as a biological factor that might be associated with birth outcomes (gest…
Biological and behavioral pathways from prenatal depression to offspring cardiometabolic risk
Given prior literature focused on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework, there is strong rationale to hypothesize that reducing depression in the prenatal period will cause improvements in offspring cardiometabolic health. The current review outlines evidence that prenatal depression is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk and health behaviors. We review evidence of these associations in humans and in nonhuman animal…
Major gender differences in relations between life stressor frequency and gray matter in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Adolescence and emerging adulthood is likely a sensitive period for the neural effects of stress due to increasing life stress, onset of stress-related disorders, and continued gray matter (GM) development. In adults, stress is associated with GM differences in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala, but little is known about these relations, and whether they differ by gender, during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Fur…
Daily life positive affect regulation in early adolescence
Individual differences in positive affect (PA) are related to a host of salient developmental outcomes, including social functioning, physical health, and psychopathology. One factor that may contribute to individual differences in PA involves individual differences in PA regulation, which may be broadly categorized into strategies to enhance PA and strategies to dampen PA. To date, however, factors contributing to individual differences in youth…
Implicit Beliefs About Emotions in Youth
Introduction: Individual differences in beliefs about the controllability of emotions are associated with a range of psychosocial outcomes, including depressive symptoms. Less is known, however, about factors contributing to individual differences in these beliefs. The current study examined prospective associations between negative emotionality (NE) and implicit beliefs about emotions, as well as the indirect effect of NE on depressive symptoms …
Experiences of Discrimination and Depression Trajectories over Pregnancy
Affective Benefits of Parental Engagement with Adolescent Positive Daily Life Experiences
Individual Differences in Adolescent Coping
Affective Development from Middle Childhood to Late Adolescence
Early pubertal timing predicts onset and recurrence of depressive episodes in boys and girls
BACKGROUND: Recurrent depressive episodes during adolescence result in significant impairment and increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes throughout the life span. Evidence suggests that early pubertal timing predicts the onset of depressive episodes (particularly for girls); however, it is not known if pubertal timing prospectively predicts recurrent depressive episodes in youth. METHODS: = 12.09, SD = 2.35) reported on their pubertal dev…
Prenatal Maternal Stress, Child Cortical Thickness, and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms
Prenatal maternal stress predicts subsequent elevations in youth depressive symptoms, but the neural processes associated with these links are unclear. This study evaluated whether prenatal maternal stress is associated with child brain development, and adolescent depressive symptoms using a prospective design with 74 mother child pairs (40 boys). Maternal stress was assessed during pregnancy, child cortical thickness at age 7, and depressive sym…
Parenting, Effortful Control, and Adolescents’ Externalizing Problem Behavior
Development and change in attachment
This research examines the contextual factors that facilitate development and change in attachment during later childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood using a longitudinal cohort design involving 690 children (7-19 years old) and their parents. At each wave, a variety of interpersonal variables (e.g., parent-child stress) were measured. We examined alternative developmental processes (i.e., long-term, catalytic, and short-term processes) tha…
Longitudinal associations between positive affect and relationship quality among children and adolescents
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that the experience of positive affect (PA) and positive interpersonal experiences should mutually reinforce each other over time, potentiating upward spirals of PA and social well-being. Informed by this upward spirals hypothesis, the present study used parallel process latent growth curve modeling to evaluate co-occurring trajectories of PA and parent- and peer-relationship quality in a…
Youth Depression Screening with Parent and Self-Reports
Separating within-person from between-person effects in the longitudinal co-occurrence of depression and different anxiety syndromes in youth
The Longitudinal Association between Self–Esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self–esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross–lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between–person effects from within–person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within–person effects or whether they refl…
How do attachment styles change from childhood through adolescence? Findings from an accelerated longitudinal Cohort study
NR3C1 methylation as a moderator of the effects of maternal support and stress on insecure attachment development
We examined the prediction that the interaction between Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) methylation, stress, and experienced maternal support predicts anxious and avoidant attachment development. This was tested in a general population sample of 487 children and adolescents (44% boys, Mage = 11.84, SDage = 2.4). These children were followed over a period of 18 months. In line with the prediction, we found that NR3C1 methylation moderates the…
A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security
Substance use has long been associated with close relationship distress. Although the direction of influence for this association has not been established, it has often been assumed that substance use is the causal agent and that close relationship distress is the effect. But research seeking to establish temporal precedence in this link has produced mixed findings. Further, theoretical models of substance use and close relationship processes pre…
Depression from childhood into late adolescence
Depression is a debilitating mental illness with clear developmental patterns from childhood through late adolescence. Here, we present data from the Gene Environment Mood (GEM) study, which used an accelerated longitudinal cohort design with youth (N = 665) starting in 3rd, 6th, and 9th grades, and a caretaker, who were recruited from the general community, and were then assessed repeatedly through semistructured diagnostic interviews every 6 mo…
Development of gender differences in depression
Descriptive epidemiological studies are reviewed, showing that the female preponderance in depression begins to emerge around age 13. A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression. The elaborated causal chain posits that negative events contribute to initial elevations of general negative affect.…
Parent relationship quality buffers against the effect of peer stressors on depressive symptoms from middle childhood to adolescence
During the transition to adolescence, several developmental trends converge to increase the importance of peer relationships, the likelihood of peer-related stressors, and the experience of depressive symptoms. Simultaneously, there are significant changes in parent-child relationships. The current study sought to evaluate whether positive relationship quality with parents continued to serve a protective effect by buffering the relationship betwe…
A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security
Substance use has long been associated with close relationship distress. Although the direction of influence for this association has not been established, it has often been assumed that substance use is the causal agent and that close relationship distress is the effect. But research seeking to establish temporal precedence in this link has produced mixed findings. Further, theoretical models of substance use and close relationship processes pre…
Longitudinal Patterns of Daily Affect and Global Mood During Adolescence
This study examined grade and sex patterns in real-time measures of daily mood using Ecological Momentary Assessments via palmtop computers among 8th (N = 296) and 10th graders (N = 266) for 1 year using a three-wave longitudinal design. Participants responded to five to seven random prompts/day for 7 consecutive days; when prompted, participants rated eight mood adjectives assessing positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Global depressed…
Affective Development from Middle Childhood to Late Adolescence
Associations among negative parenting, attention bias to anger, and social anxiety among youth
Theories of affective learning suggest that early experiences contribute to emotional disorders by influencing the development of processing biases for negative emotional stimuli. Although studies have shown that physically abused children preferentially attend to angry faces, it is unclear whether youth exposed to more typical aspects of negative parenting exhibit the same type of bias. The current studies extend previous research by linking obs…
How do attachment styles change from childhood through adolescence? Findings from an accelerated longitudinal Cohort study
Daily Depression and Cognitions About Stress
The authors examined the stability and dynamic structure of negative cognitions made to naturalistic stressors and the prediction of depressive symptoms in a daily diary study. Young adults reported on dispositional depression vulnerabilities at baseline, including a depressogenic cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, rumination, neuroticism, and initial depression, and then completed short diaries recording the inferences they made to the mo…
Development and change in attachment
This research examines the contextual factors that facilitate development and change in attachment during later childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood using a longitudinal cohort design involving 690 children (7-19 years old) and their parents. At each wave, a variety of interpersonal variables (e.g., parent-child stress) were measured. We examined alternative developmental processes (i.e., long-term, catalytic, and short-term processes) tha…
Adolescent emotionality and effortful control
Temperament is associated with important outcomes in adolescence, including academic and interpersonal functioning and psychopathology. Rothbart's temperament model is among the most well-studied and supported approaches to adolescent temperament, and contains 3 main components: positive emotionality (PE), negative emotionality (NE), and effortful control (EC). However, the latent factor structure of Rothbart's temperament measure for adolescents…
Dimensions of temperament and depressive symptoms
Parenting, Effortful Control, and Adolescents’ Externalizing Problem Behavior
Affective Benefits of Parental Engagement with Adolescent Positive Daily Life Experiences
Self-Structures, Negative Events, and Adolescent Depression
The purpose of this multiwave longitudinal study was to examine the structure of self-complexity, and its relation to depressive symptoms, in 276 adolescents ( M = 12.55; SD = 1.04). Self-complexity, depressive symptoms, and negative events were assessed during a laboratory assessment at baseline, and then depressive symptoms and negative events were tracked every 3 months over the next 2 years. Findings from the present research showed that girl…
Growth following adversity is rare
The idea that adversity is necessary for psychological growth pervades cultural narratives and lay theories. We empirically tested this notion with a multi-informant, longitudinal study of children and adolescents ( n = 682). Initial adversity was not associated with change in effortful control and emotional stability, while increasing adversity was negatively correlated with growth. However, a small sub-group of individuals still managed to grow…
Critical reflections on evolutionary psychology and sexual selection theory as explanatory account of emergence of sex differences in psychopathology
Martel (2013) proposed a metatheory, based on sexual selection theory and broad evolutionary psychological (EP) principles, to account for well-known sex differences in the emergence of common behavioral and certain internalizing disorders across childhood and adolescence, respectively. In this comment, I first enumerate several strengths and then offer 2 primary critiques about Martel's proposal. Martel provides an exceptional, integrative revie…
Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood
The authors investigated the emergence of gender differences in clinical depression and the overall development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood among members of a complete birth cohort using a prospective longitudinal approach with structured diagnostic interviews administered 5 times over the course of 10 years. Small gender differences in depression (females greater than males) first began to emerge between the ages of 13 a…
Development of gender differences in depression
Descriptive epidemiological studies are reviewed, showing that the female preponderance in depression begins to emerge around age 13. A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression. The elaborated causal chain posits that negative events contribute to initial elevations of general negative affect.…
Is There a Universal Positivity Bias in Attributions? A Meta-Analytic Review of Individual, Developmental, and Cultural Differences in the Self-Serving Attributional Bias
Researchers have suggested the presence of a self-serving attributional bias, with people making more internal, stable, and global attributions for positive events than for negative events. This study examined the magnitude, ubiquity, and adaptiveness of this bias. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 266 studies, yielding 503 independent effect sizes. The average d was 0.96, indicating a large bias. The bias was present in nearly all samples…
Development of Psychopathology
Negative cognitive styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and the remitted depression paradigm
Results from studies using a behavioral high-risk design and approximations to it generally have corroborated the cognitive vulnerability hypothesis of depression, whereas results from remitted depression studies typically have not. Suspecting that design features of previously conducted remitted designs likely precluded them from detecting maladaptive cognitive patterns, the authors conducted a study featuring the remitted design that has been s…
Daily Depression and Cognitions About Stress
The authors examined the stability and dynamic structure of negative cognitions made to naturalistic stressors and the prediction of depressive symptoms in a daily diary study. Young adults reported on dispositional depression vulnerabilities at baseline, including a depressogenic cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, rumination, neuroticism, and initial depression, and then completed short diaries recording the inferences they made to the mo…
Adolescent depression
Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression
Stress exposure and reactivity models were examined as explanations for why girls exhibit greater levels of depressive symptoms than boys. In a multiwave, longitudinal design, adolescents' depressive symptoms, alcohol usage, and occurrence of stressors were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months later (N=538; 54.5% female; ages 13–18, average 14.9). Daily stressors were coded into developmentally salient domains using a modified contextual-threat…
Longitudinal Patterns of Daily Affect and Global Mood During Adolescence
This study examined grade and sex patterns in real-time measures of daily mood using Ecological Momentary Assessments via palmtop computers among 8th (N = 296) and 10th graders (N = 266) for 1 year using a three-wave longitudinal design. Participants responded to five to seven random prompts/day for 7 consecutive days; when prompted, participants rated eight mood adjectives assessing positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Global depressed…
Insecure Attachment, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Low Self-Esteem Predicting Prospective Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence
This study extends the existing adult literature on insecure attachment as a predictor of depression and anxiety by examining these pathways in a sample of adolescents. In addition, dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem were tested as mediators of the association between insecure attachment and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Youth (N = 350; 6th-10th graders) completed self-report measures of attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, self-es…
Association between 5-HTTLPR and Borderline Personality Disorder Traits among Youth
This study provides the first genetic association examination of borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in children and adolescents (ages 9-15) using two independent samples of youth recruited from the general community. We tested the a priori hypothesis that the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) would relate specifically to BPD traits in youth. This association was hypothesized based on prior genetic association research with …
Neuroticism and common mental disorders
Self-Structures, Negative Events, and Adolescent Depression
The purpose of this multiwave longitudinal study was to examine the structure of self-complexity, and its relation to depressive symptoms, in 276 adolescents ( M = 12.55; SD = 1.04). Self-complexity, depressive symptoms, and negative events were assessed during a laboratory assessment at baseline, and then depressive symptoms and negative events were tracked every 3 months over the next 2 years. Findings from the present research showed that girl…
Dimensions of temperament and depressive symptoms
Critical reflections on evolutionary psychology and sexual selection theory as explanatory account of emergence of sex differences in psychopathology
Martel (2013) proposed a metatheory, based on sexual selection theory and broad evolutionary psychological (EP) principles, to account for well-known sex differences in the emergence of common behavioral and certain internalizing disorders across childhood and adolescence, respectively. In this comment, I first enumerate several strengths and then offer 2 primary critiques about Martel's proposal. Martel provides an exceptional, integrative revie…
Emotion regulation moderates the risk associated with the 5-HTT gene and stress in children
Carrying a short allele in the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) while experiencing stressful environments is linked to elevated risk for depression. What might offset this risky combination of genes and environment? We hypothesized that individual-level factors may play a protective role. Specifically, we examined whether individuals' ability to decrease their stress responses via effective emotion regulation may be an important mode…
Associations among negative parenting, attention bias to anger, and social anxiety among youth
Theories of affective learning suggest that early experiences contribute to emotional disorders by influencing the development of processing biases for negative emotional stimuli. Although studies have shown that physically abused children preferentially attend to angry faces, it is unclear whether youth exposed to more typical aspects of negative parenting exhibit the same type of bias. The current studies extend previous research by linking obs…
Parent relationship quality buffers against the effect of peer stressors on depressive symptoms from middle childhood to adolescence
During the transition to adolescence, several developmental trends converge to increase the importance of peer relationships, the likelihood of peer-related stressors, and the experience of depressive symptoms. Simultaneously, there are significant changes in parent-child relationships. The current study sought to evaluate whether positive relationship quality with parents continued to serve a protective effect by buffering the relationship betwe…
Depression from childhood into late adolescence
Depression is a debilitating mental illness with clear developmental patterns from childhood through late adolescence. Here, we present data from the Gene Environment Mood (GEM) study, which used an accelerated longitudinal cohort design with youth (N = 665) starting in 3rd, 6th, and 9th grades, and a caretaker, who were recruited from the general community, and were then assessed repeatedly through semistructured diagnostic interviews every 6 mo…
Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology
Executive function (EF) is essential for successfully navigating nearly all of our daily activities. Of critical importance for clinical psychological science, EF impairments are associated with most forms of psychopathology. However, despite the proliferation of research on EF in clinical populations, with notable exceptions clinical and cognitive approaches to EF have remained largely independent, leading to failures to apply theoretical and me…
Adolescent emotionality and effortful control
Temperament is associated with important outcomes in adolescence, including academic and interpersonal functioning and psychopathology. Rothbart's temperament model is among the most well-studied and supported approaches to adolescent temperament, and contains 3 main components: positive emotionality (PE), negative emotionality (NE), and effortful control (EC). However, the latent factor structure of Rothbart's temperament measure for adolescents…
The Longitudinal Association between Self–Esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self–esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross–lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between–person effects from within–person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within–person effects or whether they refl…
How do attachment styles change from childhood through adolescence? Findings from an accelerated longitudinal Cohort study
NR3C1 methylation as a moderator of the effects of maternal support and stress on insecure attachment development
We examined the prediction that the interaction between Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) methylation, stress, and experienced maternal support predicts anxious and avoidant attachment development. This was tested in a general population sample of 487 children and adolescents (44% boys, Mage = 11.84, SDage = 2.4). These children were followed over a period of 18 months. In line with the prediction, we found that NR3C1 methylation moderates the…
A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security
Substance use has long been associated with close relationship distress. Although the direction of influence for this association has not been established, it has often been assumed that substance use is the causal agent and that close relationship distress is the effect. But research seeking to establish temporal precedence in this link has produced mixed findings. Further, theoretical models of substance use and close relationship processes pre…
Psychology (42 works) · Clinical Psychology (37 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (34 works) · Developmental psychology (32 works) · Psychiatry (28 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Clinical Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Cognition (13 works) · Depression (economics) (12 works)