Richard D Ashmore
Biographic Data
| ID | 1659637 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard D Ashmore |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard D |
| FAMILY NAME | Ashmore |
| SIGNATURE | ASHMORE R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 533 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Adolescent peer group identification and characteristics: A review of the literature
Discrimination and the Implicit Association Test
Prejudice researchers have been criticized for failing to assess behaviors that reflect overtly hostile actions (i.e. racial animus; Arkes & Tetlock, 2004; Mackie & Smith, 1998). Two studies sought to begin to fill this gap in the implicit literature by showing that scores on the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) are linked to harmful intergroup behaviors. In Study 1, the IAT predicted self-reported racial discr…
The relationship of social approval contingency to trait self-esteem: Cause, consequence, or moderator
Reactions to Perceived Categorization by others during the Transition to College: Internalization and Self-Verification Processes
The current study examined longitudinal reactions to subjective perceptions of being categorized by others, termed reflected categorization, during the transition to college. Reactions were examined across 85 social categories relevant to the US college culture (e.g. jock, partier, brain). Initial reflected categorization predicted changes over time in self-categorization, suggesting internalization of the social categories ascribed by peers in t…
An Organizing Framework for Collective Identity: Articulation and Significance of Multidimensionality
The authors offer a framework for conceptualizing collective identity that aims to clarify and make distinctions among dimensions of identification that have not always been clearly articulated. Elements of collective identification included in this framework are self-categorization, evaluation, importance, attachment and sense of interdependence, social embeddedness, behavioral involvement, and content and meaning. For each element, the authors …
Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction
"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes
The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positive…
Measures of Ethnicity‐Related Stress: Psychometric Properties, Ethnic Group Differences, and Associations With Well‐Being 1
This study introduces new measures of ethnicity‐related stress and a newly adapted measure of ethnic identity. Ethnicity‐related stressors assessed in this study were perceived discrimination, stereotype confirmation concern, and own‐group conformity pressure. Ethnic identity refers to the subjective sense of ethnic group membership and, following Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), was assessed as public regard, identity centrality, and private feeling…
Ethnicity-Related Sources of Stress and Their Effects on Well-Being
Early research on ethnicity focused on the stereotyped thinking, prejudiced attitudes, and discriminatory actions of Euro-Americans. Minority-group members were viewed largely as passive targets of these negative reactions, with low self-esteem studied as the main psychological outcome. By contrast, recent research has increasingly made explicit use of stress theory in emphasizing the perspectives and experiences of minority-group members. Severa…
Self, social identity, and physical health: Interdisciplinary Explorations
xxiv, 269 p. : ;24 cm
Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues
Self and identity have been important yet volatile notions in psychology since its formative years as a scientific discipline. Recently, psychologists and other social scientists have begun to develop and refine the conceptual and empirical tools for studying the complex nature of self. This volume presents a critical analysis of fundamental issues in the scientific study of self and identity. These chapters go much farther than merely taking sto…
Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues (Rutgers Series on Self and Social Identity, V. 1)
Conclusion: Fundamental Issues in the Study of Self and Identity-Contrasts, Contexts, and Conflicts
This volume has identified some of the conceptual contrasts and historical and sociocultural contexts with which social scientists are grappling as we begin a second century of exploration of self and identity. The chapters in this book have highlighted two contrasts: self as multiplicity versus unity of identity, and self as personal versus self as social. They have also addressed three contexts: history, culture, and American society at the end…
Self and identity: Fundamental issues
Introduction 1. Toward a Second Century of the Scientific Analysis of Self and Identity Part I. Classic Contrasts Multiplicity of Self Versus Unity of Indentity 2. Multiplicity of Selves 3. The Case for Unity in the (Post) Modern Self: A Modest Proposal Personal Self Versus Social Identity 4. The Personal Self in Social Context: Barriers to Authenticity 5. Me's and We's: Forms and Functions of Social Identities Part II. Critical Contexts 6. The H…
Construction and validation of the Gender Attitude Inventory, a structured inventory to assess multiple dimensions of gender attitudes
The Multifaceted Self: Androgyny Reassessed by Open-Ended Self-Descriptions
The existing literature on androgyny does not provide information about the fundamental question of how masculine and feminine qualities are organized within the self, and houandrogynous persons «view of the self differs from others». We examined several features in open-ended self-descriptions of subjects classified by a direct self-report measure as androgynous, undifferentiated, masculine, or feminine. Androgynous subjects used more situationa…
What is beautiful is good, but: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype
This review demonstrates that the physical attractiveness stereotype established by studies of person perception is not as strong or general as suggested by the often-used summary phrase what is beautiful is good. Although subjects in these studies ascribed more favorable personality traits and more successful life outcomes to attractive than unattractive targets, the average magnitude of this beauty-is-good effect was moderate, and the strength …
The Social Psychology of Female-Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts
Thinking About the Family: Views of Parents and Children
The Social Psychology of Female–Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. I. A personality description approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. II. A trait-inference approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: Toward a cognitive—Social psychological conceptualization
An experimental investigation of the double standard in the perception of international affairs
Systems Of Values And Their Multidimensional Representations
The purposes of the research were: (1) to elicit spontaneously mentioned values from a large and diverse sample of respondents, (2) to compare the spontaneously mentioned values with Rokeach's terminal and instrumental values, (3) to determine the ways in which both sets of values were perceived as varying on selected independently measured properties, and (4) to provide structural representations of both value systems. The spontaneously mentione…
An Organizing Framework for Collective Identity: Articulation and Significance of Multidimensionality
The authors offer a framework for conceptualizing collective identity that aims to clarify and make distinctions among dimensions of identification that have not always been clearly articulated. Elements of collective identification included in this framework are self-categorization, evaluation, importance, attachment and sense of interdependence, social embeddedness, behavioral involvement, and content and meaning. For each element, the authors …
"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes
The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positive…
Measures of Ethnicity‐Related Stress: Psychometric Properties, Ethnic Group Differences, and Associations With Well‐Being 1
This study introduces new measures of ethnicity‐related stress and a newly adapted measure of ethnic identity. Ethnicity‐related stressors assessed in this study were perceived discrimination, stereotype confirmation concern, and own‐group conformity pressure. Ethnic identity refers to the subjective sense of ethnic group membership and, following Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), was assessed as public regard, identity centrality, and private feeling…
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: Toward a cognitive—Social psychological conceptualization
Discrimination and the Implicit Association Test
Prejudice researchers have been criticized for failing to assess behaviors that reflect overtly hostile actions (i.e. racial animus; Arkes & Tetlock, 2004; Mackie & Smith, 1998). Two studies sought to begin to fill this gap in the implicit literature by showing that scores on the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) are linked to harmful intergroup behaviors. In Study 1, the IAT predicted self-reported racial discr…
Construction and validation of the Gender Attitude Inventory, a structured inventory to assess multiple dimensions of gender attitudes
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. I. A personality description approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
An experimental investigation of the double standard in the perception of international affairs
The structure of intergroup perception: Categories and dimensions in views of ethnic groups and adjectives used in stereotype research
Reactions to Perceived Categorization by others during the Transition to College: Internalization and Self-Verification Processes
The current study examined longitudinal reactions to subjective perceptions of being categorized by others, termed reflected categorization, during the transition to college. Reactions were examined across 85 social categories relevant to the US college culture (e.g. jock, partier, brain). Initial reflected categorization predicted changes over time in self-categorization, suggesting internalization of the social categories ascribed by peers in t…
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. II. A trait-inference approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
The relationship of social approval contingency to trait self-esteem: Cause, consequence, or moderator
The Multifaceted Self: Androgyny Reassessed by Open-Ended Self-Descriptions
The existing literature on androgyny does not provide information about the fundamental question of how masculine and feminine qualities are organized within the self, and houandrogynous persons «view of the self differs from others». We examined several features in open-ended self-descriptions of subjects classified by a direct self-report measure as androgynous, undifferentiated, masculine, or feminine. Androgynous subjects used more situationa…
The Today and Likely Tomorrow of American Race Relations
Studies in Forced Compliance: X. Attitude Change and Commitment to Maintain Publicly a Counterattitudinal Position
Three variables thought to affect attitude change produced by forced compliance were varied: public-private, true-persuasive and high-low financial inducement. Public Ss signed a statement in which they promised to maintain their counterattitudinal position outside the laboratory. These public Ss had a tendency ( p < .10) to show more attitude change than private Ss. Significantly more Ss refused to comply in the low inducement, public conditions…
Some dimensions of the internal‐external metaphor in theories of personality 1
The structure of intergroup perception: Categories and dimensions in views of ethnic groups and adjectives used in stereotype research
Biasing Influence of Defendants' Characteristics on Simulated Sentencing
Two studies are reported in this paper. In the first study, the hypothesis that “unattractive” defendants receive more severe recommendations for sentences for a given crime than “attractive” defendants was examined. Race, socioeconomic status, and religious belief were intentionally confounded in the first study with the result that the hypothesis was clearly confirmed. In the second study, race, socioeconomic level, and religious belief were ex…
The Today and Likely Tomorrow of American Race Relations
Systems Of Values And Their Multidimensional Representations
The purposes of the research were: (1) to elicit spontaneously mentioned values from a large and diverse sample of respondents, (2) to compare the spontaneously mentioned values with Rokeach's terminal and instrumental values, (3) to determine the ways in which both sets of values were perceived as varying on selected independently measured properties, and (4) to provide structural representations of both value systems. The spontaneously mentione…
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: Toward a cognitive—Social psychological conceptualization
An experimental investigation of the double standard in the perception of international affairs
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. I. A personality description approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory. II. A trait-inference approach to the assessment of sex stereotypes
The Social Psychology of Female–Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts
The Social Psychology of Female-Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts
Thinking About the Family: Views of Parents and Children
What is beautiful is good, but: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype
This review demonstrates that the physical attractiveness stereotype established by studies of person perception is not as strong or general as suggested by the often-used summary phrase what is beautiful is good. Although subjects in these studies ascribed more favorable personality traits and more successful life outcomes to attractive than unattractive targets, the average magnitude of this beauty-is-good effect was moderate, and the strength …
The Multifaceted Self: Androgyny Reassessed by Open-Ended Self-Descriptions
The existing literature on androgyny does not provide information about the fundamental question of how masculine and feminine qualities are organized within the self, and houandrogynous persons «view of the self differs from others». We examined several features in open-ended self-descriptions of subjects classified by a direct self-report measure as androgynous, undifferentiated, masculine, or feminine. Androgynous subjects used more situationa…
Construction and validation of the Gender Attitude Inventory, a structured inventory to assess multiple dimensions of gender attitudes
Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues
Self and identity have been important yet volatile notions in psychology since its formative years as a scientific discipline. Recently, psychologists and other social scientists have begun to develop and refine the conceptual and empirical tools for studying the complex nature of self. This volume presents a critical analysis of fundamental issues in the scientific study of self and identity. These chapters go much farther than merely taking sto…
Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues (Rutgers Series on Self and Social Identity, V. 1)
Conclusion: Fundamental Issues in the Study of Self and Identity-Contrasts, Contexts, and Conflicts
This volume has identified some of the conceptual contrasts and historical and sociocultural contexts with which social scientists are grappling as we begin a second century of exploration of self and identity. The chapters in this book have highlighted two contrasts: self as multiplicity versus unity of identity, and self as personal versus self as social. They have also addressed three contexts: history, culture, and American society at the end…
Self and identity: Fundamental issues
Introduction 1. Toward a Second Century of the Scientific Analysis of Self and Identity Part I. Classic Contrasts Multiplicity of Self Versus Unity of Indentity 2. Multiplicity of Selves 3. The Case for Unity in the (Post) Modern Self: A Modest Proposal Personal Self Versus Social Identity 4. The Personal Self in Social Context: Barriers to Authenticity 5. Me's and We's: Forms and Functions of Social Identities Part II. Critical Contexts 6. The H…
Self, social identity, and physical health: Interdisciplinary Explorations
xxiv, 269 p. : ;24 cm
Ethnicity-Related Sources of Stress and Their Effects on Well-Being
Early research on ethnicity focused on the stereotyped thinking, prejudiced attitudes, and discriminatory actions of Euro-Americans. Minority-group members were viewed largely as passive targets of these negative reactions, with low self-esteem studied as the main psychological outcome. By contrast, recent research has increasingly made explicit use of stress theory in emphasizing the perspectives and experiences of minority-group members. Severa…
Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction
"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes
The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positive…
Measures of Ethnicity‐Related Stress: Psychometric Properties, Ethnic Group Differences, and Associations With Well‐Being 1
This study introduces new measures of ethnicity‐related stress and a newly adapted measure of ethnic identity. Ethnicity‐related stressors assessed in this study were perceived discrimination, stereotype confirmation concern, and own‐group conformity pressure. Ethnic identity refers to the subjective sense of ethnic group membership and, following Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), was assessed as public regard, identity centrality, and private feeling…
Psychology (28 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (8 works) · Perception (7 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Ethnic group (5 works)