Roger Ratcliff
Biographic Data
| ID | 1659906 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roger Ratcliff |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roger |
| FAMILY NAME | Ratcliff |
| SIGNATURE | RATCLIFF R |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9657-0814 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 122 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The effect of speed-stress on driving behavior: A diffusion model analysis
A spatially continuous diffusion model of visual working memory
Integrated diffusion models for distance effects in number memory
Improving neurocognitive testing using computational psychiatry—A systematic review for ADHD
Computational models, in conjunction with (neuro)cognitive tests, are increasingly used to understand the cognitive characteristics of participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We reviewed 50 studies from a broad range of cognitive tests for ADHD to synthesize findings and to summarize the new insights provided by three commonly applied computational models (i.e., diffusion decision models, absolute accumulator models, ex…
Decision making in numeracy tasks with spatially continuous scales
Modeling the interaction of numerosity and perceptual variables with the diffusion model
Diffusion Decision Model: Current Issues and History
Sequential Sampling Models in Cognitive Neuroscience: Advantages, Applications, and Extensions
Sequential sampling models assume that people make speeded decisions by gradually accumulating noisy information until a threshold of evidence is reached. In cognitive science, one such model--the diffusion decision model--is now regularly used to decompose task performance into underlying processes such as the quality of information processing, response caution, and a priori bias. In the cognitive neurosciences, the diffusion decision model has …
Diffusion and Random Walk Processes
Anxiety enhances threat processing without competition among multiple inputs: A diffusion model analysis
Enhanced processing of threatening information is a well established phenomenon among high-anxious individuals. This effect is most reliably shown in situations where 2 or more items compete for processing resources, suggesting that input competition is a critical component of the effect. However, it could be that there are small effects in situations without input competition, but the dependent measures typically used are not sensitive enough to…
The Diffusion Decision Model: Theory and Data for Two-Choice Decision Tasks
The diffusion decision model allows detailed explanations of behavior in two-choice discrimination tasks. In this article, the model is reviewed to show how it translates behavioral data—accuracy, mean response times, and response time distributions—into components of cognitive processing. Three experiments are used to illustrate experimental manipulations of three components: stimulus difficulty affects the quality of information on which a deci…
A Comparison of Sequential Sampling Models for Two-Choice Reaction Time.
The authors evaluated 4 sequential sampling models for 2-choice decisions--the Wiener diffusion, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) diffusion, accumulator, and Poisson counter models--by fitting them to the response time (RT) distributions and accuracy data from 3 experiments. Each of the models was augmented with assumptions of variability across trials in the rate of accumulation of evidence from stimuli, the values of response criteria, and the value of …
Estimating parameters of the diffusion model: Approaches to dealing with contaminant reaction times and parameter variability
Connectionist and diffusion models of reaction time
Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions
The diffusion model for two-choice real-time decisions is applied to four psychophysical tasks. The model reveals how stimulus information guides decisions and shows how the information is processed through time to yield sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect decisions. Rapid two-choice decisions yield multiple empirical measures: response times for correct and error responses, the probabilities of correct and error responses, and a variety of…
Separating Implicit from Explicit Retrieval Processes in Perceptual Identification
The application of Fourier deconvolution to reaction time data: A cautionary note
The Fourier transform method in conjunction with frequency domain smoothing techniques has been suggested as a powerful tool for examining components in a serial, additive reaction time model (P. L. Smith, 1990). Robustness and sensitivity to violations of the assumptions of serial model of this method are evaluated. When an incorrect distribution was used in recovering an unobserved component, results gave no information to show that an incorrec…
The application of Fourier deconvolution to reaction time data: A cautionary note
Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers
The effect of outliers on reaction time analyses is evaluated. The first section assesses the power of different methods of minimizing the effect of outliers on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and makes recommendations about the use of transformations and cutoffs. The second section examines the effect of outliers and cutoffs on different measures of location, spread, and shape and concludes using quantitative examples that robust measures are much …
Inference during reading.
Most current theories of text processing assume a constructionist view of inference processing. In this article, an alternative view is proposed, labeled the minimalist hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the only inferences that are encoded automatically during reading are those that are based on easily available information, either from explicit statements in the text or from general knowledge, and those that are required to make statemen…
Inferences about predictable events.
Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics
A method of obtaining an average reaction time distribution for a group of subjects is described. The method is particularly useful for cases in which data from many subjects are available but there are only 10-20 reaction time observations per subject cell. Essentially, reaction times for each subject are organized in ascending order, and quantiles are calculated. The quantiles are then averaged over subjects to give group quantiles (cf. Vincent…
A theory of memory retrieval.
A theory of memory retrieval is developed and is shown to apply over a range of experimental paradigms. Access to memory traces is viewed in terms of a resonance metaphor. The probe item evokes the search set on the basis of probe-memory item relatedness, just as a ringing tuning fork evokes sympathetic vibrations in other tuning forks. Evidence is accumulated in parallel from each probe-memory item comparison, and each comparison is modeled by a…
Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers
The effect of outliers on reaction time analyses is evaluated. The first section assesses the power of different methods of minimizing the effect of outliers on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and makes recommendations about the use of transformations and cutoffs. The second section examines the effect of outliers and cutoffs on different measures of location, spread, and shape and concludes using quantitative examples that robust measures are much …
Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics
A method of obtaining an average reaction time distribution for a group of subjects is described. The method is particularly useful for cases in which data from many subjects are available but there are only 10-20 reaction time observations per subject cell. Essentially, reaction times for each subject are organized in ascending order, and quantiles are calculated. The quantiles are then averaged over subjects to give group quantiles (cf. Vincent…
A theory of memory retrieval.
A theory of memory retrieval is developed and is shown to apply over a range of experimental paradigms. Access to memory traces is viewed in terms of a resonance metaphor. The probe item evokes the search set on the basis of probe-memory item relatedness, just as a ringing tuning fork evokes sympathetic vibrations in other tuning forks. Evidence is accumulated in parallel from each probe-memory item comparison, and each comparison is modeled by a…
Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics
A method of obtaining an average reaction time distribution for a group of subjects is described. The method is particularly useful for cases in which data from many subjects are available but there are only 10-20 reaction time observations per subject cell. Essentially, reaction times for each subject are organized in ascending order, and quantiles are calculated. The quantiles are then averaged over subjects to give group quantiles (cf. Vincent…
Inferences about predictable events.
Inference during reading.
Most current theories of text processing assume a constructionist view of inference processing. In this article, an alternative view is proposed, labeled the minimalist hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the only inferences that are encoded automatically during reading are those that are based on easily available information, either from explicit statements in the text or from general knowledge, and those that are required to make statemen…
Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers
The effect of outliers on reaction time analyses is evaluated. The first section assesses the power of different methods of minimizing the effect of outliers on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and makes recommendations about the use of transformations and cutoffs. The second section examines the effect of outliers and cutoffs on different measures of location, spread, and shape and concludes using quantitative examples that robust measures are much …
The application of Fourier deconvolution to reaction time data: A cautionary note
The Fourier transform method in conjunction with frequency domain smoothing techniques has been suggested as a powerful tool for examining components in a serial, additive reaction time model (P. L. Smith, 1990). Robustness and sensitivity to violations of the assumptions of serial model of this method are evaluated. When an incorrect distribution was used in recovering an unobserved component, results gave no information to show that an incorrec…
The application of Fourier deconvolution to reaction time data: A cautionary note
Separating Implicit from Explicit Retrieval Processes in Perceptual Identification
Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions
The diffusion model for two-choice real-time decisions is applied to four psychophysical tasks. The model reveals how stimulus information guides decisions and shows how the information is processed through time to yield sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect decisions. Rapid two-choice decisions yield multiple empirical measures: response times for correct and error responses, the probabilities of correct and error responses, and a variety of…
Connectionist and diffusion models of reaction time
Estimating parameters of the diffusion model: Approaches to dealing with contaminant reaction times and parameter variability
A Comparison of Sequential Sampling Models for Two-Choice Reaction Time.
The authors evaluated 4 sequential sampling models for 2-choice decisions--the Wiener diffusion, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) diffusion, accumulator, and Poisson counter models--by fitting them to the response time (RT) distributions and accuracy data from 3 experiments. Each of the models was augmented with assumptions of variability across trials in the rate of accumulation of evidence from stimuli, the values of response criteria, and the value of …
The Diffusion Decision Model: Theory and Data for Two-Choice Decision Tasks
The diffusion decision model allows detailed explanations of behavior in two-choice discrimination tasks. In this article, the model is reviewed to show how it translates behavioral data—accuracy, mean response times, and response time distributions—into components of cognitive processing. Three experiments are used to illustrate experimental manipulations of three components: stimulus difficulty affects the quality of information on which a deci…
Anxiety enhances threat processing without competition among multiple inputs: A diffusion model analysis
Enhanced processing of threatening information is a well established phenomenon among high-anxious individuals. This effect is most reliably shown in situations where 2 or more items compete for processing resources, suggesting that input competition is a critical component of the effect. However, it could be that there are small effects in situations without input competition, but the dependent measures typically used are not sensitive enough to…
Diffusion and Random Walk Processes
Diffusion Decision Model: Current Issues and History
Sequential Sampling Models in Cognitive Neuroscience: Advantages, Applications, and Extensions
Sequential sampling models assume that people make speeded decisions by gradually accumulating noisy information until a threshold of evidence is reached. In cognitive science, one such model--the diffusion decision model--is now regularly used to decompose task performance into underlying processes such as the quality of information processing, response caution, and a priori bias. In the cognitive neurosciences, the diffusion decision model has …
Decision making in numeracy tasks with spatially continuous scales
Modeling the interaction of numerosity and perceptual variables with the diffusion model
Improving neurocognitive testing using computational psychiatry—A systematic review for ADHD
Computational models, in conjunction with (neuro)cognitive tests, are increasingly used to understand the cognitive characteristics of participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We reviewed 50 studies from a broad range of cognitive tests for ADHD to synthesize findings and to summarize the new insights provided by three commonly applied computational models (i.e., diffusion decision models, absolute accumulator models, ex…
Integrated diffusion models for distance effects in number memory
The effect of speed-stress on driving behavior: A diffusion model analysis
A spatially continuous diffusion model of visual working memory
Computer Science (18 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Cognitive psychology (13 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Statistics (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Cognition (7 works) · Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies (7 works) · Cognitive science (5 works) · Diffusion (5 works)