Blair T Johnson
Biographic Data
| ID | 1661219 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Blair T Johnson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Blair T |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnson |
| SIGNATURE | JOHNSON B T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Connecticut |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2688-0398 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 697 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Intersectional forces of urban inequality and the global HIV pandemic: A retrospective analysis
To determine how the intersection of increased urban growth and poverty has impacted HIV incidence and prevalence, given growing HIV inequalities globally. Retrospective analysis using combined data from five publicly available, population-level datasets to determine city- and within-urban countrywide estimates of 95-95-95 treatment targets, prevalence and incidence rates from 2015 to 2019. For city-level estimates, we analysed combined data from…
Leveraging research for health insurance coverage of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Insights from policy makers, patients and practitioners
Our findings suggest that research is frequently integrated into decision making across roles, though other factors are weighed in coverage decisions
Visualizing the Influence of Social Networks on Recovery: A Mixed-Methods Social Identity Mapping Study with Recovering Adolescents
Background: Social recovery capital (SRC) refers to resources and supports gained through relationships and is vital to adolescent addiction recovery. Much is known about how substance use relates to social networks, but little is known about how other dimensions of social networks influence recovery (e.g., network size/exposure, degree of conflict). Methods: This mixed-methods study sampled 28 adolescents who received treatment for alcohol and o…
Strange new worlds: Social content in popular Star Trek fanfiction versus commercial novels
Sexuality and aging: Is it time for a new sexual revolution
Community-level factors and incidence of gun violence in the United States, 2014-2017
Toward a more transparent, rigorous, and generative psychology
Psychological Bulletin has long enjoyed a reputation as a source for what research has revealed about psychological phenomena; it maintains a prestigious position of leadership in psychological science and for science at large; it publishes evidence syntheses that are the most comprehensive and rigorous reviews available; it informs theorists and practitioners. I am duly honored to be selected as its editor; accordingly, my goal is to guard this …
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the health sciences: Best practice methods for research syntheses
Ingroup role models and underrepresented students’ performance and interest in STEM: A meta-analysis of lab and field studies
Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology Reporting Standards (Isle-ReSt) statement
Spatial lifecourse epidemiology is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes advanced spatial, location-based, and artificial intelligence technologies to investigate the long-term effects of environmental, behavioural, psychosocial, and biological factors on health-related states and events and the underlying mechanisms. With the growing number of studies reporting findings from this field and the critical need for public health and policy decisi…
The Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 1: Basic Principles
Attitudes are evaluations of people, places, things, and ideas. They help us to navigate through a complex world. They provide guidance for decisions about which products to buy, how to travel to work, or where to go on vacation. They color our perceptions of others. Carefully crafted interventions can change attitudes and behavior. Yet, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior are often formed and changed in casual social exchanges. The mere perception …
What are the keys to a longer, happier life? Answers from five decades of health psychology research
Stress and chronic illness: The inflammatory pathway
Alcohol Use Predicts Sexual Decision-Making: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Literature
Health Behavior Change Models for HIV Prevention and Aids Care: Practical Recommendations for a Multi-Level Approach
Despite increasing recent emphasis on the social and structural determinants of HIV-related behavior, empirical research and interventions lag behind, partly because of the complexity of social-structural approaches. This article provides a comprehensive and practical review of the diverse literature on multi-level approaches to HIV-related behavior change in the interest of contributing to the ongoing shift to more holistic theory, research, and…
The Handbook of Attitudes
This new handbook presents, synthesizes, and integrates the existing knowledge of methods, theories, and data in attitudes. The editors' goal is to promote an understanding of the broader principles underlying attitudes across several disciplines. Divided into three parts: one on definitions and methods; another on the relations of attitudes with beliefs, behavior, and affect; and a final one that integrates these relations into the broader areas…
Racial attitudes and visual cues in political judgments: Support for Obama during the 2008 presidential election
The present longitudinal study examined the complex role of race-including racial attitudes and visual representations of race-in White Americans' responses to Obama during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Consistent with prior research, participants who perceived Obama as darker skinned were less likely to vote for him and generally evaluated Obama less positively. It is important to note, however, that these effects were stronger among Whit…
HIV prevention interventions to reduce sexual risk for African Americans: The influence of community-level stigma and psychological processes
Meta-Analysis of Single-Session Behavioral Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: Implications for Bundling Prevention Packages
Evidence-based, single-session behavioral interventions are urgently needed for preventing the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To estimate the efficacy of single-session, behavioral interventions for STI prevention, we collected data from 29 single-session interventions (20 studies; n = 52 465) with an STI outcome. Infection with an STI was 35% less likely (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval = 0.55–0.77) am…
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of HIV/Aids prevention interventions in Asia, 1995-2009
A role for depression in sexual risk reduction for women? A meta-analysis of HIV prevention trials with depression outcomes
Intergroup consensus/disagreement in support of group-based hierarchy: An examination of socio-structural and psycho-cultural factors
A meta-analysis examined the extent to which socio-structural and psycho-cultural characteristics of societies correspond with how much gender and ethnic/racial groups differ on their support of group-based hierarchy. Robustly, women opposed group-based hierarchy more than men did, and members of lower power ethnic/racial groups opposed group-based hierarchy more than members of higher power ethnic/racial groups did. As predicted by social domina…
A Network-Individual-Resource Model for HIV Prevention
Meta-Synthesis of Health Behavior Change Meta-Analyses
Objectives. We integrated and compared meta-analytic findings across diverse behavioral interventions to characterize how well they have achieved change in health behavior. Methods. Outcomes from 62 meta-analyses of interventions for change in health behavior were quantitatively synthesized, including 1011 primary-level investigations with 599 559 participants. Content coding suggested 6 behavioral domains: eating and physical activity, sexual be…
Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis
To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key variables. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action's predictions, (a) condom use was related to intentions (weighted mean r. = .45), (b) intentions were based on attitudes (r. = .58) and subjective norms (r. = .39), and (c) attitudes were associated wit…
Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis
Research comparing the leadership styles of women and men is reviewed, and evidence isfound for both the presence and the absence of differences between the sexes. In contrast to the gender-ste-reotypic expectation that women lead in an interpersonally orientedstyle and men in a task-oriented style, female and male leaders did not differ in these two styles in organizationalstudies. However, these aspects of leadership style were somewhat gender …
Attitudes Toward Younger and Older Adults: An Updated Meta‐Analytic Review
This meta‐analytic review of 232 effect sizes showed that, across five categories, attitudes were more negative toward older than younger adults. Perceived age differences were largest for age stereotypes and smallest for evaluations. As predicted by social role theory ( Eagly, 1987 ), effect sizes were reduced when detailed information was provided about the person being rated. The double standard of aging emerged for evaluations and behavior/be…
Effects of involvement on persuasion: A meta-analysis
Defines involvement as a motivational state induced by an association between an activated attitude and the self-concept. Integration ofthe available research su~ests hat he effects of involvement on attitude change depended on the aspect of message recipients ' elf-concept that was activated to create involvement: (a) their enduring values (value-relevant i volvement), (b) their ability to attain desirable outcomes (outcome-relevant involvement)…
The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis
In this review, the authors examine the basis for the mnemonic superiority that results from relating material to the self.A meta-analysis confirms the expected self-reference effect (SRE) in memory, with self-referent encoding strategies yielding superior memory relative to both semantic and otherreferent encoding strategies.Consistent with theory and research that suggest self-reference (SR) produces both organized and elaborate processing, the…
Intergroup consensus/disagreement in support of group-based hierarchy: An examination of socio-structural and psycho-cultural factors
A meta-analysis examined the extent to which socio-structural and psycho-cultural characteristics of societies correspond with how much gender and ethnic/racial groups differ on their support of group-based hierarchy. Robustly, women opposed group-based hierarchy more than men did, and members of lower power ethnic/racial groups opposed group-based hierarchy more than members of higher power ethnic/racial groups did. As predicted by social domina…
What are the keys to a longer, happier life? Answers from five decades of health psychology research
HIV prevention interventions to reduce sexual risk for African Americans: The influence of community-level stigma and psychological processes
Community-level factors and incidence of gun violence in the United States, 2014-2017
Stress and chronic illness: The inflammatory pathway
A role for depression in sexual risk reduction for women? A meta-analysis of HIV prevention trials with depression outcomes
Involvement and persuasion: Types, traditions, and the evidence
This article is a reply to Petty and Cacioppo's (1990) critique of our meta-analysis in which we concluded that research has established 3 different types of involvement with distinctly different effects on persuasion ( Johnson & Eagly, 1989). We first correct their summary of our review. In response to their claim that outcome-relevant and value-relevant involvement are best reduced to a single construct, we assert that this proposal fails to ac…
Meta-Synthesis of Health Behavior Change Meta-Analyses
Objectives. We integrated and compared meta-analytic findings across diverse behavioral interventions to characterize how well they have achieved change in health behavior. Methods. Outcomes from 62 meta-analyses of interventions for change in health behavior were quantitatively synthesized, including 1011 primary-level investigations with 599 559 participants. Content coding suggested 6 behavioral domains: eating and physical activity, sexual be…
Effects of Outcome-Relevant Involvement and Prior Information on Persuasion
This research examined the possibility that prior information about the persuasive issue interacts with argument quality and outcome-relevant involvement to affect attitude change. In support of the perspective that both involvement and knowledge have motivating effects on persuasion, under high-involvement conditions, when prior information about the issue should satisfy curiosity and decrease message processing, it was predicted and found that …
Toward a more transparent, rigorous, and generative psychology
Psychological Bulletin has long enjoyed a reputation as a source for what research has revealed about psychological phenomena; it maintains a prestigious position of leadership in psychological science and for science at large; it publishes evidence syntheses that are the most comprehensive and rigorous reviews available; it informs theorists and practitioners. I am duly honored to be selected as its editor; accordingly, my goal is to guard this …
Sexuality and aging: Is it time for a new sexual revolution
Ingroup role models and underrepresented students’ performance and interest in STEM: A meta-analysis of lab and field studies
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of HIV/Aids prevention interventions in Asia, 1995-2009
Meta-Analysis of Single-Session Behavioral Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: Implications for Bundling Prevention Packages
Evidence-based, single-session behavioral interventions are urgently needed for preventing the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To estimate the efficacy of single-session, behavioral interventions for STI prevention, we collected data from 29 single-session interventions (20 studies; n = 52 465) with an STI outcome. Infection with an STI was 35% less likely (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval = 0.55–0.77) am…
Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology Reporting Standards (Isle-ReSt) statement
Spatial lifecourse epidemiology is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes advanced spatial, location-based, and artificial intelligence technologies to investigate the long-term effects of environmental, behavioural, psychosocial, and biological factors on health-related states and events and the underlying mechanisms. With the growing number of studies reporting findings from this field and the critical need for public health and policy decisi…
Racial attitudes and visual cues in political judgments: Support for Obama during the 2008 presidential election
The present longitudinal study examined the complex role of race-including racial attitudes and visual representations of race-in White Americans' responses to Obama during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Consistent with prior research, participants who perceived Obama as darker skinned were less likely to vote for him and generally evaluated Obama less positively. It is important to note, however, that these effects were stronger among Whit…
The value of goodness‐of‐fit indices in meta‐analysis: A comment on Hall and Rosenthal
In a useful article regarding testing for moderator variables in meta‐analysis, Hall and Rosenthal (1991) suggest, among other things, that when the sample of studies is large enough, it is acceptable to use ordinary inferential statistics such as the analysis of variance to test for moderator variables. However, because meta‐analytic data points (effect sizes) differ in important ways from those for which ordinary inferential statistics were des…
Not all psychologists are classist
Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A meta-analysis.
Effects of involvement on persuasion: A meta-analysis
Defines involvement as a motivational state induced by an association between an activated attitude and the self-concept. Integration ofthe available research su~ests hat he effects of involvement on attitude change depended on the aspect of message recipients ' elf-concept that was activated to create involvement: (a) their enduring values (value-relevant i volvement), (b) their ability to attain desirable outcomes (outcome-relevant involvement)…
Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis
Research comparing the leadership styles of women and men is reviewed, and evidence isfound for both the presence and the absence of differences between the sexes. In contrast to the gender-ste-reotypic expectation that women lead in an interpersonally orientedstyle and men in a task-oriented style, female and male leaders did not differ in these two styles in organizationalstudies. However, these aspects of leadership style were somewhat gender …
Involvement and persuasion: Types, traditions, and the evidence
This article is a reply to Petty and Cacioppo's (1990) critique of our meta-analysis in which we concluded that research has established 3 different types of involvement with distinctly different effects on persuasion ( Johnson & Eagly, 1989). We first correct their summary of our review. In response to their claim that outcome-relevant and value-relevant involvement are best reduced to a single construct, we assert that this proposal fails to ac…
The value of goodness‐of‐fit indices in meta‐analysis: A comment on Hall and Rosenthal
In a useful article regarding testing for moderator variables in meta‐analysis, Hall and Rosenthal (1991) suggest, among other things, that when the sample of studies is large enough, it is acceptable to use ordinary inferential statistics such as the analysis of variance to test for moderator variables. However, because meta‐analytic data points (effect sizes) differ in important ways from those for which ordinary inferential statistics were des…
Effects of Outcome-Relevant Involvement and Prior Information on Persuasion
This research examined the possibility that prior information about the persuasive issue interacts with argument quality and outcome-relevant involvement to affect attitude change. In support of the perspective that both involvement and knowledge have motivating effects on persuasion, under high-involvement conditions, when prior information about the issue should satisfy curiosity and decrease message processing, it was predicted and found that …
Elevated blood pressure and personality: A meta-analytic review
A meta-analysis of 295 relevant effect sizes obtained from 25,469 participants confirmed expectations that elevated blood pressure (BP) and essential hypertension (EH) would be associated with lower affect expression but with more negative affectivity and defensiveness. The strongest associations occurred for defensiveness and measures of anger and affect expression linked to an interpersonal context(s). However, a number of other factors also we…
Elevated blood pressure and personality: A meta-analytic review
Effectiveness of yohimbine in the treatment of erectile disorder: Four meta-analytic integrations
Enhancing motivation to reduce the risk of HIV infection for economically disadvantaged urban women.
The HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire: Development and Evaluation of a Reliable, Valid, and Practical Self-Administered Questionnaire
The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis
In this review, the authors examine the basis for the mnemonic superiority that results from relating material to the self.A meta-analysis confirms the expected self-reference effect (SRE) in memory, with self-referent encoding strategies yielding superior memory relative to both semantic and otherreferent encoding strategies.Consistent with theory and research that suggest self-reference (SR) produces both organized and elaborate processing, the…
Social Psychologists' Expertise in the Public Interest: Civilian Morale Research During World War II
By reviewing the careers of three prominent social psychologists, Floyd Henry Allport, Daniel Katz, and Rensis Likert, this article describes the theoretical and practical psychological expertise that American psychologists developed before, during, and after World War II and describes how this expertise resulted in significant gains for the field of social psychology. Prior to World War II, Allport, Katz, and Likert made pioneering contributions…
Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: A meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed behavior before and after counseling and testing, and provided details sufficient for the calculation of effect sizes. The studies involved 19,597 participants. RESULTS: After counseling and testing, HIV-positive participants an…
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis
To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key variables. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action's predictions, (a) condom use was related to intentions (weighted mean r. = .45), (b) intentions were based on attitudes (r. = .58) and subjective norms (r. = .39), and (c) attitudes were associated wit…
Not all psychologists are classist
Influences of social power and normative support on condom use decisions: A research synthesis
A meta-analysis of 58 studies involving 30,270 participants examined how study population and methodological characteristics influence the associations among norms, control perceptions, attitudes, intentions and behaviour in the area of condom use. Findings indicated that control perceptions generally correlated more strongly among members of societal groups that lack power, including female, younger individuals, ethnic-minorities and people with…
Handbook of Attitudes
Standard of care: Promoting antiretroviral adherence in clinical care
Although there has long been demand for programs and procedures that support or enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV+ patients, there is scant evidence about the extent to which medical clinics have been able to incorporate adherence interventions into their standard care. A survey of clinical care settings in New York and Connecticut indicated that the current standard of care is to provide only minimal levels of adherence…
Attitudes Toward Younger and Older Adults: An Updated Meta‐Analytic Review
This meta‐analytic review of 232 effect sizes showed that, across five categories, attitudes were more negative toward older than younger adults. Perceived age differences were largest for age stereotypes and smallest for evaluations. As predicted by social role theory ( Eagly, 1987 ), effect sizes were reduced when detailed information was provided about the person being rated. The double standard of aging emerged for evaluations and behavior/be…
Are black-white differences in females' body dissatisfaction decreasing? A meta-analytic review.
Proponents of the sociocultural model of eating disorders have suggested that ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction may be diminishing as the thin ideal of beauty becomes more widely disseminated among minority women. In a meta-analysis, the authors examined temporal trends in Black-White differences and also examined whether these differences generalize across various age groups and measures. Results confirmed more favorable body image eval…
Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions: A Research Synthesis of Trials, 1996 to 2004
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a quantitative review of published trials of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions. DESIGN: A research synthesis of published ART adherence intervention outcome studies. SAMPLE: ART adherence intervention outcome studies meeting inclusion criteria published between 1996 and December 2004 (k=24). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Effect sizes (ESs [d]) were calculated for each study outcome, producing 25 immediate postinte…
Condoms + pleasure =safer sex? A missing addend in the safer sex message
Since the emergence of HIV, sexual risk-reduction intervention and prevention programmes have promoted the 'condoms equal safer sex' message with a particular focus on the preventative aspects of condoms (i.e. disease or pregnancy prevention). Yet despite the pervasiveness of this message, research has found that most people fail to use condoms consistently. Using the thought-listing technique, we asked men who have sex with men (MSM) and heteros…
HIV-positive Romanian Adolescents: Acquisition Routes, Risk Behaviors, and Psychological Correlates
Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration
Psychology (37 works) · Medicine (30 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (13 works) · Meta-analysis (13 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works)