Yuichi Shoda
Biographic Data
| ID | 1661930 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Yuichi Shoda |
| GIVEN NAMES | Yuichi |
| FAMILY NAME | Shoda |
| SIGNATURE | SHODA Y |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6038-6142 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 349 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Negative urgency as a state‐level process
OBJECTIVE: Test whether global self-reports of urgency moderated the within-person associations of affect and impulsive behaviors. BACKGROUND: Negative urgency is a personality trait that is a risk factor for a range of psychopathology. Although it is assumed that global self-reports of urgency measure individual tendencies to act more impulsively in the face of negative emotions, evidence from ecological momentary assessment studies is mixed. ME…
The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associatio…
Cohort effects in children’s delay of gratification
In the 1960s at Stanford University's Bing Preschool, children were given the option of taking an immediate, smaller reward or receiving a delayed, larger reward by waiting until the experimenter returned. Since then, the "Marshmallow Test" has been used in numerous studies to assess delay of gratification. Yet, no prior study has compared the performance of children across the decades. Common wisdom suggests children today would wait less long, …
Constraints on Generality (COG): A Proposed Addition to All Empirical Papers
Psychological scientists draw inferences about populations based on samples—of people, situations, and stimuli—from those populations. Yet, few papers identify their target populations, and even fewer justify how or why the tested samples are representative of broader populations. A cumulative science depends on accurately characterizing the generality of findings, but current publishing standards do not require authors to constrain their inferen…
Observation-Oriented Modeling: Going Beyond “Is It All a Matter of Chance”
An alternative to null hypothesis significance testing is presented and discussed. This approach, referred to as observation-oriented modeling, is centered on model building in an effort to explicate the structures and processes believed to generate a set of observations. In terms of analysis, this novel approach complements traditional methods based on means, variances, and covariances with methods of pattern detection and analysis. Using data f…
Love You? Hate You? Maybe It’s Both: Evidence That Significant Others Trigger Bivalent-Priming
Psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice, and intuition all suggest that human beings can be profoundly ambivalent about significant others. However, experimental psychology has commonly assessed automatic evaluations as either positive or negative, but not both simultaneously. Experiment 1 showed that activating the mental representation of a significant other facilitated the processing of both positive and negative information ( bivalent-primin…
Cognitive‐Affective Processing System Analysis of Intra‐Individual Dynamics in Collaborative Therapeutic Assessment: Translating Basic Theory and Research Into Clinical Applications
According to the cognitive‐affective processing system ( CAPS ) model, behavior is a function of how the distinctive cognitive‐affective system of the individual responds to one's subjective experience of the situation encountered. Thus an individual's maladaptive coping processes may be understood by identifying the nature of the situations that a client experiences as highly stressful and the psychological reactions they trigger. An initial stu…
An approach to test for individual differences in the effects of situations without using moderator variables
Folk Beliefs About Human Genetic Variation Predict Discrete Versus Continuous Racial Categorization and Evaluative Bias
What role do folk beliefs about human genetic variation play in racial categorization and evaluation? In two studies, the authors assessed or manipulated participants' estimates of the percentage of genetic material that human beings have in common and examined whether this variable would predict categorization (Study 1) and evaluation (Study 2) of faces that varied monotonically in Black–White racial composition. In both studies, participants wi…
‘Willpower’ over the life span: Decomposing self-regulation
In the 1960s, Mischel and colleagues developed a simple 'marshmallow test' to measure preschoolers' ability to delay gratification. In numerous follow-up studies over 40 years, this 'test' proved to have surprisingly significant predictive validity for consequential social, cognitive and mental health outcomes over the life course. In this article, we review key findings from the longitudinal work and from earlier delay-of-gratification experimen…
Roots of Adult Attachment: Maternal Caregiving at 18 Months Predicts Adult Peer and Partner Attachment
It is widely assumed that, within the context of a stable developmental environment, relationship experiences in early life influence later ones. To date, however, there has been no longitudinal empirical evidence for the hypothesis that early maternal caregiving predicts adult attachment dynamics with peers and partners. The present longitudinal study shows that quality of maternal caregiving experienced at 18 months of age predicted the extent …
When the Seemingly Innocuous “Stings: Racial Microaggressions and Their Emotional Consequences
Commonplace situations that are seemingly innocuous may nonetheless be emotionally harmful for racial minorities. In the current article the authors propose that despite their apparent insignificance, these situations can be harmful and experienced as subtle racism when they are believed to have occurred because of their race. In Study 1, Asian Americans reported greater negative emotion intensity when they believed that they encountered a situat…
Three decades after the personality paradox: Understanding situations
Behavioral signatures at the ballpark: Intraindividual consistency of adults’ situation–behavior patterns and their interpersonal consequences
Rejection sensitivity and executive control: Joint predictors of borderline personality features
Persons in Context: Building a Science of the Individual
Persons in context: Building a Science of the Individual
Sexual or Friendly? Associations About Women, Men, and Self
Using explicit, self-report measures, past research has found that heterosexual men, relative to heterosexual women, often attribute more sexuality to women's behaviors. In the present studies, the Implicit Association Test was used to determine if these findings held at the automatic processing level. The results of Study 1 were consistent with past research: Men, compared to women, had more sexual and less friendly automatic associations with t…
Verbal intelligence and self-regulatory competencies: Joint predictors of boys’ aggression
A Contextual Approach to the Development of Self‐regulatory Competencies: The Role of Maternal Unresponsivity and Toddlers’ Negative Affect in Stressful Situations
A prospective study examined the effects of maternal unresponsivity and of toddlers’ own negative affect on the child's subsequent ability to use effective attentional control strategies in preschool. Maternal and child behaviors were measured in situations that varied in the level of stress to test the hypothesis that behaviors in high stress situations would be more diagnostic of children's subsequent self‐regulatory behavior. As predicted, bot…
Rejection Sensitivity and the Defensive Motivational System: Insights From the Startle Response to Rejection Cues
Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. This study used the startle probe paradigm to test whether the affect-based defensive motivational system is automatically activated by rejection cues in people who are high in RS. Stimuli were representational paintings depicting rejection (by Hopper) and acceptance (by Renoir), as well as nonrepresentational paintings of either…
Personality in Context: An Interpersonal Systems Perspective
Because a significant part of individuals' lives involve close relationships, an important and substantial part of the situations they encounter consists of other people's behaviors. We suggest that individuals' characteristic ways of behaving, which are typically attributed to “personality,” arise from two processes. One lies primarily within the individual, conceptualized as individual differences in one's cognitive and affective processing sys…
Person × Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam . . .when . . .): Implications for affect regulation and social information processing.
Person × Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam…when…): Implications for affect regulation and social information processing
Although Person X Situation (P X S) interactionism is central in current social-cognitive conceptions of personality organization, its implications for the encoding of the self remain unexplored. Two studies examined the causal role of P X S interactionism in self-encoding on affect regulation and discriminative social perception. Following failure (Studies 1 and 2) and success (Study 2) ideation, participants were prompted to encode the self eit…
The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers' delay of gratification from mother-toddler interactions
Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions
Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to determine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regulatory competence and coping in adolescence. Preschool children from a university community participated in experiments that varied features of the self-imposed delay situation. Experimental analyses of the cognitive-attentional processes that affect wai…
When the Seemingly Innocuous “Stings: Racial Microaggressions and Their Emotional Consequences
Commonplace situations that are seemingly innocuous may nonetheless be emotionally harmful for racial minorities. In the current article the authors propose that despite their apparent insignificance, these situations can be harmful and experienced as subtle racism when they are believed to have occurred because of their race. In Study 1, Asian Americans reported greater negative emotion intensity when they believed that they encountered a situat…
The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification
Delay of gratification, assessed in a series of experiments when the subjects were in preschool, was related to parental personality ratings obtained a decade later for 95 of these children in adolescence. Clear and consistent patterns of correlations between self-imposed delay time in preschool and later ratings were found for both sexes over this time span. Delay behavior predicted a set of cognitive and social competencies and stress tolerance…
Intraindividual stability in the organization and patterning of behavior: Incorporating psychological situations into the idiographic analysis of personality
The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers' delay of gratification from mother–toddler interactions
Toddlers' use of effective attention deployment strategies to cope with separation from the mother and with maternal behavior predicted the use of effective delay-of-gratification strategies at age 5, even though the contexts, measures, and manifest behaviors were different. Toddlers who used distraction strategies during a brief separation from the mother were able, at age 5, to delay immediate gratification longer for more valued rewards. Toddl…
The role of situational demands and cognitive competencies in behavior organization and personality coherence
Applying cognitive-social theory to health-protective behavior: Breast self-examination in cancer screening
This article applies recent developments in cognitive-social theory to health-protective behavior, articulating a Cognitive-Social Health Information Processing (C-SHIP) model. This model of the genesis and maintenance of health-protective behavior focuses on the individual's encodings and construals, expectancies, affects, goals and values, self-regulatory competencies, and their interactions with each other and the health-relevant information i…
Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at risk
The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associatio…
Rejection sensitivity and executive control: Joint predictors of borderline personality features
Intuitive interactionism in person perception: (Effects of situation)ehavior relations on dispositional judgments
To examine the effects of the relationships between behavior and the situation in which it occurs, we manipulated such relations and exposed subjects to them. Impressions were similar when based on the behaviors presented with situations unspecified (e.g., child hits) or when the situations in which they naturally occurred were specified (e.g., child hits when provoked). However, when situations were specified, subjects' impressions more accurate…
A Contextual Approach to the Development of Self‐regulatory Competencies: The Role of Maternal Unresponsivity and Toddlers’ Negative Affect in Stressful Situations
A prospective study examined the effects of maternal unresponsivity and of toddlers’ own negative affect on the child's subsequent ability to use effective attentional control strategies in preschool. Maternal and child behaviors were measured in situations that varied in the level of stress to test the hypothesis that behaviors in high stress situations would be more diagnostic of children's subsequent self‐regulatory behavior. As predicted, bot…
Toward a Unified, Intra-individual Dynamic Conception of Personality
Intuitive interactionism in person perception: Effects of situation-behavior relations on dispositional judgments
Behavioral signatures at the ballpark: Intraindividual consistency of adults’ situation–behavior patterns and their interpersonal consequences
Sexual or Friendly? Associations About Women, Men, and Self
Using explicit, self-report measures, past research has found that heterosexual men, relative to heterosexual women, often attribute more sexuality to women's behaviors. In the present studies, the Implicit Association Test was used to determine if these findings held at the automatic processing level. The results of Study 1 were consistent with past research: Men, compared to women, had more sexual and less friendly automatic associations with t…
Verbal intelligence and self-regulatory competencies: Joint predictors of boys’ aggression
Cohort effects in children’s delay of gratification
In the 1960s at Stanford University's Bing Preschool, children were given the option of taking an immediate, smaller reward or receiving a delayed, larger reward by waiting until the experimenter returned. Since then, the "Marshmallow Test" has been used in numerous studies to assess delay of gratification. Yet, no prior study has compared the performance of children across the decades. Common wisdom suggests children today would wait less long, …
An approach to test for individual differences in the effects of situations without using moderator variables
The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers' delay of gratification from mother-toddler interactions
Cognitive‐Affective Processing System Analysis of Reactions to the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial Verdict
Reactions to the O. J. Simpson verdict were analyzed using the Cognitive‐Affective Processing System (CAPS) model. Content analyses of participants' open‐ended reactions to the verdict revealed that differences in the accessibility of cognitive‐affective units and their subsequent activation pathways characterized respondents' reactions, but participants' race appeared to have no direct effect. The results were used to construct cognitive‐affecti…
Three decades after the personality paradox: Understanding situations
The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification
Delay of gratification, assessed in a series of experiments when the subjects were in preschool, was related to parental personality ratings obtained a decade later for 95 of these children in adolescence. Clear and consistent patterns of correlations between self-imposed delay time in preschool and later ratings were found for both sexes over this time span. Delay behavior predicted a set of cognitive and social competencies and stress tolerance…
Delay of Gratification in Children
To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longe…
Intuitive interactionism in person perception: (Effects of situation)ehavior relations on dispositional judgments
To examine the effects of the relationships between behavior and the situation in which it occurs, we manipulated such relations and exposed subjects to them. Impressions were similar when based on the behaviors presented with situations unspecified (e.g., child hits) or when the situations in which they naturally occurred were specified (e.g., child hits when provoked). However, when situations were specified, subjects' impressions more accurate…
Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at risk
Intuitive interactionism in person perception: Effects of situation-behavior relations on dispositional judgments
Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions
Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to determine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regulatory competence and coping in adolescence. Preschool children from a university community participated in experiments that varied features of the self-imposed delay situation. Experimental analyses of the cognitive-attentional processes that affect wai…
The role of situational demands and cognitive competencies in behavior organization and personality coherence
Intraindividual stability in the organization and patterning of behavior: Incorporating psychological situations into the idiographic analysis of personality
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure.
A theory was proposed to reconcile paradoxical findings on the invariance of personality and the variability of behavior across situations. For this purpose, individuals were assumed to differ in (a) the accessibility of cognitive-affective mediating units (such as encodings, expectancies and beliefs, affects, and goals) and (b) the organization of relationships through which these units interact with each other and with psychological features of…
Toward a Unified, Intra-individual Dynamic Conception of Personality
Applying cognitive-social theory to health-protective behavior: Breast self-examination in cancer screening
This article applies recent developments in cognitive-social theory to health-protective behavior, articulating a Cognitive-Social Health Information Processing (C-SHIP) model. This model of the genesis and maintenance of health-protective behavior focuses on the individual's encodings and construals, expectancies, affects, goals and values, self-regulatory competencies, and their interactions with each other and the health-relevant information i…
Cognitive‐Affective Processing System Analysis of Reactions to the O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial Verdict
Reactions to the O. J. Simpson verdict were analyzed using the Cognitive‐Affective Processing System (CAPS) model. Content analyses of participants' open‐ended reactions to the verdict revealed that differences in the accessibility of cognitive‐affective units and their subsequent activation pathways characterized respondents' reactions, but participants' race appeared to have no direct effect. The results were used to construct cognitive‐affecti…
Reconciling Processing Dynamics and Personality Dispositions
Developments in personality-social psychology, in social cognition, and in cognitive neuroscience have led to an emerging conception of personality dynamics and dispositions that builds on diverse contributions from the past three decades. Recent findings demonstrating a previously neglected but basic type of personality stability allow a reconceptualization of classic issues in personality and social psychology. It reconstrues the nature and rol…
The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers' delay of gratification from mother-toddler interactions
The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers' delay of gratification from mother–toddler interactions
Toddlers' use of effective attention deployment strategies to cope with separation from the mother and with maternal behavior predicted the use of effective delay-of-gratification strategies at age 5, even though the contexts, measures, and manifest behaviors were different. Toddlers who used distraction strategies during a brief separation from the mother were able, at age 5, to delay immediate gratification longer for more valued rewards. Toddl…
Person × Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam . . .when . . .): Implications for affect regulation and social information processing.
Person × Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam…when…): Implications for affect regulation and social information processing
Although Person X Situation (P X S) interactionism is central in current social-cognitive conceptions of personality organization, its implications for the encoding of the self remain unexplored. Two studies examined the causal role of P X S interactionism in self-encoding on affect regulation and discriminative social perception. Following failure (Studies 1 and 2) and success (Study 2) ideation, participants were prompted to encode the self eit…
Personality in Context: An Interpersonal Systems Perspective
Because a significant part of individuals' lives involve close relationships, an important and substantial part of the situations they encounter consists of other people's behaviors. We suggest that individuals' characteristic ways of behaving, which are typically attributed to “personality,” arise from two processes. One lies primarily within the individual, conceptualized as individual differences in one's cognitive and affective processing sys…
Rejection Sensitivity and the Defensive Motivational System: Insights From the Startle Response to Rejection Cues
Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. This study used the startle probe paradigm to test whether the affect-based defensive motivational system is automatically activated by rejection cues in people who are high in RS. Stimuli were representational paintings depicting rejection (by Hopper) and acceptance (by Renoir), as well as nonrepresentational paintings of either…
A Contextual Approach to the Development of Self‐regulatory Competencies: The Role of Maternal Unresponsivity and Toddlers’ Negative Affect in Stressful Situations
A prospective study examined the effects of maternal unresponsivity and of toddlers’ own negative affect on the child's subsequent ability to use effective attentional control strategies in preschool. Maternal and child behaviors were measured in situations that varied in the level of stress to test the hypothesis that behaviors in high stress situations would be more diagnostic of children's subsequent self‐regulatory behavior. As predicted, bot…
Persons in Context: Building a Science of the Individual
Persons in context: Building a Science of the Individual
Sexual or Friendly? Associations About Women, Men, and Self
Using explicit, self-report measures, past research has found that heterosexual men, relative to heterosexual women, often attribute more sexuality to women's behaviors. In the present studies, the Implicit Association Test was used to determine if these findings held at the automatic processing level. The results of Study 1 were consistent with past research: Men, compared to women, had more sexual and less friendly automatic associations with t…
Verbal intelligence and self-regulatory competencies: Joint predictors of boys’ aggression
Rejection sensitivity and executive control: Joint predictors of borderline personality features
Psychology (37 works) · Social Psychology (30 works) · Cognition (19 works) · Developmental psychology (18 works) · Cognitive psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Mental Health Research Topics (11 works) · Personality (11 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (9 works)