Marcus Munafò
Biographic Data
| ID | 1662090 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marcus Munafò |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marcus |
| FAMILY NAME | Munafò |
| SIGNATURE | MUNAFÒ M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bristol |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4049-993X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 334 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 57 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Implications of the genomic revolution for education research and policy
Research at the intersection of social science and genomics, ‘sociogenomics’, is transforming our understanding of the interplay between genomics, individual outcomes and society. It has interesting and maybe unexpected implications for education research and policy. Here we review the growing sociogenomics literature and discuss its implications for educational researchers and policymakers. We cover key concepts and methods in genomic research i…
Confirmation of Covid-19 infection status and reporting of Long Covid symptoms in a population-based birth cohort: No evidence of a nocebo effect
Some patients with COVID-19 develop symptoms after the acute infection, known as 'Long COVID'. We examined whether or not confirmation of COVID-19 infection status could act as a nocebo, using data from questionnaires distributed to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. We examined associations between confirmation of COVID-19 infection status (confirmed by a positive test vs unconfirmed) and reporting of Long COVID symptoms…
Associations between emotion recognition and autistic and callous‐unemotional traits: Differential effects of cueing to the eyes
BACKGROUND: Although autism and callous-unemotional (CU) traits are distinct conditions, both are associated with difficulties in emotion recognition. However, it is unknown whether the emotion recognition difficulties characteristic of autism and CU traits are driven by comparable underpinning mechanisms. METHODS: We tested whether cueing to the eyes improved emotion recognition in relation to autistic and CU traits in a heterogeneous sample of …
Emotional dysregulation in childhood and disordered eating and self‐harm in adolescence: Prospective associations and mediating pathways
BACKGROUND: Emotional dysregulation may be a risk factor for disordered eating and self-harm in young people, but few prospective studies have assessed these associations long-term, or considered potential mediators. We examined prospective relationships between childhood emotional dysregulation and disordered eating and self-harm in adolescence; and social cognition, emotional recognition, and being bullied as mediators. METHODS: We analysed Avo…
Acceptability of integrating smoking cessation treatment into routine care for people with mental illness: A qualitative study
INTRODUCTION: Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPTs) Services could offer smoking cessation treatment to improve physical and psychological outcomes for service users, but it currently does not. This study aimed to understand participants' views and experiences of receiving a novel smoking cessation intervention as part of the ESCAPE trial (intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and…
How are milk substitutes labelled in the UK? Should the term ‘milk’ be added to milk substitute labelling
Existing regulation in the UK states that the term ‘milk’ can only be used in labelling to describe products that originate from animals. We conducted an observational study, which surveyed the availability and labelling of milk substitutes in UK supermarkets, and an online experimental study, which assessed the impact of using the term ‘milk’ on milk substitute labelling. In the experimental study, 352 UK adults were randomised to one of the two…
Associations between Covid-19 risk perceptions and mental health, wellbeing, and risk behaviours
Poorer mental health and wellbeing are associated with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, and longitudinal and genetic data suggest that they may play a causal role in COVID-19 risk perceptions
Comparison of food cue reactivity and eating behaviours in obesity, ex-smokers and abstinent alcohol dependence
Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes: A Mendelian randomisation study
BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. However, whether and how depression exerts a causal effect on employment remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate whether depression affects employment and related outcomes in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS: We selected 227 242 working-age participants (40-64 in men, 40-59 years for women) of white British ethnicity/ancestry with suitable genetic da…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Effects of state anxiety on gait: A 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge study
We used the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) model of anxiety induction to investigate the effects of state anxiety on normal gait and gait when navigating an obstacle. Healthy volunteers ( n = 22) completed a walking task during inhalations of 7.5% CO 2 and medical air (placebo) in a within-subjects design. The order of inhalation was counterbalanced across participants and the gas was administered double-blind. Over a series of trials, participants …
Examining the bidirectional association between emotion recognition and social autistic traits using observational and genetic analyses
BACKGROUND: There is mixed evidence for an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and emotion recognition deficits. We sought to assess the bidirectionality of this association using phenotypic and genetic data in a large community sample. METHODS: Analyses were conducted in three stages. First, we examined the bidirectional association between social autistic traits at age 8 years and emotion recognition task (ERT) responses at age 2…
Views about integrating smoking cessation treatment within psychological services for patients with common mental illness: A multi‐perspective qualitative study
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking rates are significantly higher in people with common mental illness compared to those without. Smoking cessation treatment could be offered as part of usual outpatient psychological care, but currently is not. OBJECTIVE: To understand patient and health care professionals' views about integrating smoking cessation treatment into outpatient psychological services for common mental illness. DESIGN: Qualitative in-depth i…
Cigarette pack size and consumption: An adaptive randomised controlled trial
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN34202533
Electronic cigarette and smoking paraphernalia point of sale displays: An observational study in England
E-cigarette and smoking paraphernalia POS displays are near ubiquitous and highly visible in major tobacco retailers in two cities in England. The impact of these displays on tobacco smoking in children and adults is unknown, meriting urgent research to assess their effect on susceptibility to tobacco smoking in children
Effects of electronic cigarette e-liquid flavouring on cigarette craving
We did not find evidence to suggest that nicotine-containing fruit/sweet-flavoured and unflavoured e-liquids have different effects on cigarette cravings after 1 week of use. Further research is needed to establish if differences emerge over longer periods of exposure and extend to smoking cessation outcomes
Comparison of food cue reactivity and eating behaviours in obesity, ex-smokers and abstinent alcohol dependence
Straight-sided beer and cider glasses to reduce alcohol sales for on-site consumption: A randomised crossover trial in bars
BACKGROUND: Straight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales …
The impact on selection of non-alcoholic vs alcoholic drink availability: An online experiment
Greater availability of non-alcoholic drinks, compared to alcoholic drinks, increased their online selection, an effect that may be larger when changing their relative availability, i.e., increasing the proportion of non-alcoholic drinks. Naturalistic studies are needed to determine the impact of availability interventions on reducing alcohol purchasing and consumption
Young people's use of e-cigarettes in Wales, England and Scotland before and after introduction of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations: A mixed-method natural experimental evaluation
This study provides preliminary evidence that young people's e-cigarette experimentation may be plateauing in UK nations. The extent to which this arises from regulatory changes, or due to a fad having begun to lose its appeal among young people in the UK countries, remains unclear. These trends contrast to those observed in North America, where newer products whose EU market entry and marketing have been impacted by TPD, have gained traction amo…
Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study
Excessive consumption of energy-dense food increases the risk of obesity, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and most non-smoking-related cancers. Health warning labels (HWLs) that communicate the adverse health consequences of excess energy consumption could reduce intake of energy-dense foods. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact on selection of energy-dense…
Human handedness: A meta-analysis
Across time and place, right hand preference has been the norm, but what is the precise prevalence of left- and right-handedness? Frequency of left-handedness has shaped and underpinned different fields of research, from cognitive neuroscience to human evolution, but reliable distributional estimates are still lacking. While hundreds of empirical studies have assessed handedness, a large-scale, comprehensive review of the prevalence of handedness…
Is screen time associated with anxiety or depression in young people? Results from a UK birth cohort
We found associations between increased screen time, particularly computer use, and a small increased risk of anxiety and depression. Time spent alone was found to attenuate some associations, and further research should explore this
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Research registry number: researchregistry4336
A consensus-based transparency checklist
We present a consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research. An accompanying online application allows users to complete the form and generate a report that they can submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository
Redefine statistical significance
Clinical relevance of implicit cognition in addiction
Chapter 9 explores the clinical relevance of implicit cognition in addiction, including the associations between drug dependence and implicit measures, relationships with clinical outcomes, and the effects of treatment on implicit measures. The chapter also presents a discussion on the clinical and measurement issues involved.
A manifesto for reproducible science
Improving the reliability and efficiency of scientific research will increase the credibility of the published scientific literature and accelerate discovery. Here we argue for the adoption of measures to optimize key elements of the scientific process: methods, reporting and dissemination, reproducibility, evaluation and incentives. There is some evidence from both simulations and empirical studies supporting the likely effectiveness of these me…
The effects of food-related attentional bias training on appetite and food intake
Human handedness: A meta-analysis
Across time and place, right hand preference has been the norm, but what is the precise prevalence of left- and right-handedness? Frequency of left-handedness has shaped and underpinned different fields of research, from cognitive neuroscience to human evolution, but reliable distributional estimates are still lacking. While hundreds of empirical studies have assessed handedness, a large-scale, comprehensive review of the prevalence of handedness…
Sex differences in left-handedness: A meta-analysis of 144 studies
A consensus-based transparency checklist
We present a consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research. An accompanying online application allows users to complete the form and generate a report that they can submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository
Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study
Excessive consumption of energy-dense food increases the risk of obesity, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and most non-smoking-related cancers. Health warning labels (HWLs) that communicate the adverse health consequences of excess energy consumption could reduce intake of energy-dense foods. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact on selection of energy-dense…
Patterns of cannabis use during adolescence and their association with harmful substance use behaviour: Findings from a UK birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years. METHODS: We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories of cannabis use from self-report measures in a UK birth cohort. We investigated (1) factors associated with latent class membership and (2) whet…
The Developmental Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence and Harmful Drinking in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Peers and Parents
Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes: A Mendelian randomisation study
BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. However, whether and how depression exerts a causal effect on employment remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate whether depression affects employment and related outcomes in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS: We selected 227 242 working-age participants (40-64 in men, 40-59 years for women) of white British ethnicity/ancestry with suitable genetic da…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Nudging transparent behavioural science and policy
There are inherent differences in the priorities of academics and policy-makers. These pose unique challenges for teams such as the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which has positioned itself as an organisation conducting academically rigorous behavioural science research in policy settings. Here we outline the threats to research transparency and reproducibility that stem from working with policy-makers and other non-academic stakeholders. Thes…
Does Cigarette Smoking Increase Time to Conception?
Data are reported on the relationship between cigarette smoking and other health-related behaviours and time to conception in a population-based sample of women who acted as a control group in a case-control study of twinning. Women who continued to smoke close to the time of conception took significantly longer to become pregnant than women who never smoked or stopped smoking before the year during which they attempted to conceive. A hierarchica…
Cognition and Addiction (DRAFT)
Addiction research has a long history, but it is only recently that experimental psychologists and neuroscientists have begun to investigate the cognitive aspects of addictive behaviours. This has revealed a complex inter-play of cognitive mechanisms that subserve subjective experiences associated with addiction, such as drug craving. This has led to a marked increase in interest in the potential of such research to elucidate, for example, the pr…
Selective Processing of Gastrointestinal Symptom-related Stimuli in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was associated with attentional bias toward symptom-related cues in IBS patients versus healthy controls, using a modified Stroop task to measure selective processing of gastrointestinal symptom-related cues. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of IBS and 15 healthy controls were recruited into the study. All participants attended a single testing session, d…
Key Concepts in Health Psychology
Defining Health Psychology Research Methods and Measurement Social Cognitive Models Biological and Physiological Models Individual Differences and Habit Illness-related and Sick Role Beliefs Acute and Chronic Illness Pain Addictive Behaviours Health Promotion and Intervention
Key Concepts in Health Psychology
Sex differences in left-handedness: A meta-analysis of 144 studies
A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between attentional bias and subjective craving in substance abuse
Theoretical models of addiction suggest that attentional bias for substance-related cues should be associated with self-reported craving. The authors evaluated the strength of the association by performing a meta-analysis on 68 independent data sets from which correlation coefficients between subjective craving and attentional bias indices were derived. Additional stratified analyses were conducted to identify any variables that might moderate th…
Weight change over eight years in relation to baseline body mass index in a cohort of continuing and quitting smokers
Objective To examine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on weight change over 8 years in a cohort of continuing smokers and a cohort that quit and remained abstinent
Sex and location as determinants of handedness: Reply to Vuoksimaa and Kaprio (2010)
In response to the comment by Vuoksimaa and Kaprio (2010) on our previous article on sex differences in left-handedness (Papadatou-Pastou, Martin, Munafò, and Jones, 2008), we carried out an additional meta-analysis to explore whether the widely observed tendency for rates of left-handedness to be greater among male than female individuals is also found in Scandinavian (Nordic) studies. The overall male-to-female ratio for left- to right-handedne…
Trial Protocol: Using genotype to tailor prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy: a randomised controlled trial assessing impact of communication upon adherence
This is the first clinical trial evaluating the behavioural impact on adherence of prescribing medication using genetic rather than phenotypic information. Specific issues regarding the choice of design for trials of interventions of this kind are discussed. TRIAL DETAILS: Funder: Medical Research Council (MRC)Grant number: G0500274. ISRCTN: 14352545. Date trial stated: June 2007. Expected end date: December 2009. Expected reporting date: Decembe…
Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: A meta-analysis
Does attentional bias for food cues drive overeating
Socioeconomic status and smoking: A review
Smoking prevalence is higher among disadvantaged groups, and disadvantaged smokers may face higher exposure to tobacco's harms. Uptake may also be higher among those with low socioeconomic status (SES), and quit attempts are less likely to be successful. Studies have suggested that this may be the result of reduced social support for quitting, low motivation to quit, stronger addiction to tobacco, increased likelihood of not completing courses of…
Are genetic association studies useful for obesity research? The cases of DRD2 and OPRMI
Power failure: Why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience
Mendelian randomization in health research: Using appropriate genetic variants and avoiding biased estimates
Mendelian randomization methods, which use genetic variants as instrumental variables for exposures of interest to overcome problems of confounding and reverse causality, are becoming widespread for assessing causal relationships in epidemiological studies. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how results can be biased if researchers select genetic variants on the basis of their association with the exposure in their own dataset, as o…
Attentional bias retraining in cigarette smokers attempting smoking cessation (ARTS): Study protocol for a double blind randomised controlled trial
Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN54375405
The effects of food-related attentional bias training on appetite and food intake
For the Love of the Game: Implicit Arousal Following Symbolic Destruction of Sports Teams and Partners
The belief that damaging an object may harm the individual to which the object relates is common among adults. We explored whether arousal following the destruction of a photograph of a loved partner is greater than that following the destruction of a photograph of a stranger, and whether this response is greater than when a photograph representing a non-person sentimental attachment is destroyed, using a measure of skin conductance response. Lon…
Clinical relevance of implicit cognition in addiction
Chapter 9 explores the clinical relevance of implicit cognition in addiction, including the associations between drug dependence and implicit measures, relationships with clinical outcomes, and the effects of treatment on implicit measures. The chapter also presents a discussion on the clinical and measurement issues involved.
Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes: A randomised controlled study
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52982308. Registered 27 June 2013
The Developmental Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence and Harmful Drinking in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Peers and Parents
Does wine glass size influence sales for on-site consumption? A multiple treatment reversal design
ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN12018175 . Registered 12(th) May 2015
The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Patterns of cannabis use during adolescence and their association with harmful substance use behaviour: Findings from a UK birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years. METHODS: We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories of cannabis use from self-report measures in a UK birth cohort. We investigated (1) factors associated with latent class membership and (2) whet…
Medicine (37 works) · Psychology (36 works) · Psychiatry (19 works) · Internal Medicine (17 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (15 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Demography (11 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (9 works)