J Richard Jennings
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1662441 |
|---|---|
| NOME | J Richard Jennings |
| PRENOMES | J Richard |
| SOBRENOME | Jennings |
| ASSINATURA | JENNINGS J R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6988-3348 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Frontostriatal Brain Activation Is Associated With the Longitudinal Progression of Cardiometabolic Risk
OBJECTIVE: Cardiometabolic risk refers to a set of interconnected factors of vascular and metabolic origin associated with both cardiovascular disease and various brain disorders. Although midlife cardiometabolic risk is associated with future brain dysfunction, emerging evidence suggests that alterations in autonomic and central nervous system function may precede increases in cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: The present study tested whether patte…
The relationship between resting heart rate and aggression in males is racially variant
Although resting heart rate is thought to be a generalizable risk factor for aggression, very little research has examined whether this relationship varies by race. We addressed this limitation using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Current data are from 197 men who participated in a teenage biosocial study (mean age = 15.7 years) and adult follow‐up study (mean age = 32.1 years). Teenage resting heart rate interacted with race …
Prospective Associations of Adolescent Conscientiousness With Psychological Resources and Metabolic Syndrome in Black and White Men
OBJECTIVE: Conscientiousness predicts better psychological resources as well as lower cardiovascular mortality and lower metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. However, the benefits of conscientiousness might be amplified, disabled, or reversed in disadvantaged groups. This study is the first to test these competing hypotheses for prospective associations between adolescent conscientiousness and adult psychological resources and MetS. METHOD: Participan…
Depressive Symptoms During Childhood and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Black and White Men
OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms and major depression predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors in adulthood. Evidence regarding the role of depression in the development of CVD risk in youth is minimal. The study evaluated the prospective relationship of depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence with adult CVD risk factors in black and white men. METHODS: Health behaviors and medical history were measured in 165 black and 14…
Child Abuse and Neglect and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women
OBJECTIVE: A childhood history of abuse or neglect may be associated with elevated adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. No studies have examined associations between child abuse/neglect and subclinical CVD using a validated measure of abuse and neglect. We hypothesized that midlife women with a history of childhood abuse or neglect would have increased subclinical CVD beyond standard CVD risk factors. We tested moderation of associations by s…
Omega-3 Supplementation and the Neural Correlates of Negative Affect and Impulsivity
OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves symptoms in psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated mood and impulse control, yet it is unclear whether in healthy adults, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects mood, impulse control, and the brain systems supporting these processes. Accordingly, this study tested the hypotheses that eciosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid supplementation reduces ne…
Regional Gray Matter Volumes as Related to Psychomotor Slowing in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
OBJECTIVE: Psychomotor slowing is a common cognitive complication in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its neuroanatomical correlates and risk factors are unclear. In nondiabetic adults, smaller gray matter volume (GMV) and presence of white matter hyperintensities are associated with psychomotor slowing. We hypothesize that smaller GMV in prefronto-parietal regions explains T1D-related psychomotor slowing. We also inspect the contribution of microvascu…
Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
Although a low resting heart rate is considered the best‐replicated biological correlate of antisocial behavior, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. Sensation‐seeking and fearlessness theories have been proposed to explain this relationship, although little empirical research has been conducted to test these theories. This study addressed this limitation by examining the relationship between heart rate and antisoci…
Brain Function, Cognition, and the Blood Pressure Response to Pharmacological Treatment
OBJECTIVE: To extend evidence suggesting that essential hypertension influences neuropsychological performance and that brain function before treatment is related to the success of pharmacological lowering of blood pressure (BP). METHODS: A voxel-based examination of the whole brain was conducted among 43 hypertensive patients treated for 1 year with assessment pre and post treatment, using positron emission tomography and neuropsychological test…
Grand Challenges in Psychosomatic Research
SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Psychiatry, 24 September 2010Sec. Psychological Therapy and Psychosomatics Volume 1 - 2010 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00131
Spouses' Cardiovascular Reactivity to Their Partners' Suffering
A laboratory study of older adults with osteoarthritis and their spouses was conducted to examine the unique influence of exposure to suffering on caregivers' risk for impaired psychological and physical health. Spouses' blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored during 2 tasks designed to capture their partners' suffering. First, spouses watched their partners (and a stranger) carry heavy logs across an 8-ft space for 3 min, a task t…
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part I
Neuroscience was an integral part of psychosomatic medicine at its inception in the early 20th century. Since the mid-20th century, however, psychosomatic research has largely ignored the brain. The field of neuroscience has burgeoned in recent years largely because a variety of powerful new methods have become available. Many of these methods allow for the noninvasive study of the living human brain and thus are potentially available for integra…
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part II
During the second half of the last century, biopsychosocial research in psychosomatic medicine largely ignored the brain. Neuroscience has started to make a comeback in psychosomatic medicine research and promises to advance the field in important ways. In this paper we briefly review select brain imaging research findings in psychosomatic medicine in four key areas: cardiovascular regulation, visceral pain in the context of functional gastrointe…
Gain in Adiposity Across 15 Years is Associated With Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Women
OBJECTIVE: To test whether current gray matter volume (GMV) covaried with previously obtained longitudinal measures of weight gain-as assessed by increases in body mass index (BMI)-among otherwise healthy postmenopausal women. Cross-sectional results indicate that reduced GMV may be associated with excess body weight. METHODS: Demographic, biometric, and behavioral measures were obtained from 48 women as part of the Pittsburgh Healthy Women Study…
Perceptual Inhibition is Associated with Sensory Integration in Standing Postural Control Among Older Adults
In older adults, maintaining balance and processing information typically interfere with each other, suggesting that executive functions may be engaged for both. We investigated associations between measures of inhibitory processes and standing postural control in healthy young and older adults. Perceptual and motor inhibition was measured using a protocol adapted from Nassauer and Halperin (2003, Dissociation of perceptual and motor inhibition p…
Trait Negative Affect
Objective: To assess depression, anxiety, and anger as well as the variance that these emotions share (conceptualized as negative affect) in relationship to high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a specific indicator of parasympathetic cardiac autonomic function related to premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although individual trait negative emotions have been studied in relation to risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) as…
Stimulated Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines Covaries Inversely With Heart Rate Variability
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether high-frequency heart rate variability, an indirect measure of parasympathetic (vagal) control over variations in heart rate, is associated with immune reactivity to an in vitro inflammatory challenge. Convergent evidence from the animal literature shows that the autonomic nervous system plays a key role in regulating the magnitude of immune responses to inflammatory stimuli. Signaling by the parasympathetic system in…
Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With Polymorphic Variation in the Choline Transporter Gene
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether interindividual variation in parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic) regulation of heart rate (as estimated by frequency components of heart rate variability [HRV]) may be accounted for, in part, by genetic variation in the choline transporter, a component of acetylcholine neurotransmission. METHODS: Resting HRV estimates of high- (HF) and low-frequency (LF) power …
Statistical Guidelines for Psychosomatic Medicine
During the past two years, Psychosomatic Medicine joined many of the leading medical journals in adopting the CONSORT, MOOSE, QUOROM, and STARD guidelines for reporting clinical trials, meta-analyses, and diagnostic studies. This year, we are implementing our own set of statistical analysis guidelines. In doing so, we are joining a much smaller number of journals. Whether we are setting a trend, or simply going out on a limb, remains to be seen. …
Is There a Functional Neural Correlate of Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity
Objective: The present study tested whether individuals who differ in the magnitude of their blood pressure reactions to a behavioral stressor also differ in their stressor-induced patterns of functional neural activation. Methods: Sixteen participants (7 men, 9 women aged 47 to 72 years) were classified as high (n = 8) or low (n = 8) blood pressure reactors by the magnitude and temporal consistency of their systolic blood pressure (SBP) reaction…
Preparation for Speeded Action as a Psychophysiological Concept
Mental preparation aids performance and induces multiple physiological changes that should inform concepts of preparation. To date, however, these changes have been interpreted as being due to a global preparatory process (e.g., attention or alertness). The authors review psychophysiological and performance investigations of preparation. Concepts of the central regulation of action offer an integrative framework for understanding the psychophysio…
Developmental Change in Feedback Processing as Reflected by Phasic Heart Rate Changes
Heart rate was recorded from 3 age groups (8-10, 12, and 20-26 years) while they performed a probabilistic learning task. Stimuli had to be sorted by pressing a left versus right key, followed by positive or negative feedback. Adult heart rate slowed following negative feedback when stimuli were consistently mapped onto the left or right key (response-dependent condition) but not when responses to stimuli were always followed by negative feedback…
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure and Thought
OBJECTIVE: This presentation seeks to demonstrate the use of brain imaging techniques for understanding the interaction between hypertension and psychosocial function. METHODS: The historical background for the study of brain function among hypertensive patients is reviewed. An initial and a current project examining rCBF with 15O water radiotracer and PET in unmedicated hypertensives and normotensives are described. The rCBF response is assessed…
Vital Exhaustion and Diastolic Blood Pressure Reactivity Are Related to Features of Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Atherosclerosis
Olafsson, G. B.; Jennings, J. R.; Everson, S. A.; Manuck, S. B.; Kamarck, T. W.; Salonen, J. T.; Kaplan, G. A. Author Information
Ethnic Differences in Stress-Related Inhibition of Baroreceptor Sensitivity
Olafsson, G. B.; Jennings, J. R.; Manuck, S. B.; Muldoon, M. F.; Steptoe, A. Author Information
Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
Although a low resting heart rate is considered the best‐replicated biological correlate of antisocial behavior, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. Sensation‐seeking and fearlessness theories have been proposed to explain this relationship, although little empirical research has been conducted to test these theories. This study addressed this limitation by examining the relationship between heart rate and antisoci…
Biobehavioral factors in sudden cardiac death
The authors examine the recent literature on psychological factors and sudden cardiac death and explore the mediating psychophysiological processes by which these variables may be associated. Direct evidence that psychosocial stressors and their correlates may be causally linked with sudden cardiac death in humans is not conclusive, but there is abundant convergent evidence that several physiological precursors of sudden death may be promoted by …
Spouses' Cardiovascular Reactivity to Their Partners' Suffering
A laboratory study of older adults with osteoarthritis and their spouses was conducted to examine the unique influence of exposure to suffering on caregivers' risk for impaired psychological and physical health. Spouses' blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored during 2 tasks designed to capture their partners' suffering. First, spouses watched their partners (and a stranger) carry heavy logs across an 8-ft space for 3 min, a task t…
Inhibition in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as indexed by heart rate change
A stop signal paradigm in combination with heart rate measures were used to test the hypothesis of deficient inhibitory processing in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors measured the inhibitory process initiated by a stop signal by observing its success, its latency using a horse race model, and its impact on the timing of the heartbeat. Boys with ADHD performed well and showed appropriate psychophysiological ch…
The relationship between resting heart rate and aggression in males is racially variant
Although resting heart rate is thought to be a generalizable risk factor for aggression, very little research has examined whether this relationship varies by race. We addressed this limitation using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Current data are from 197 men who participated in a teenage biosocial study (mean age = 15.7 years) and adult follow‐up study (mean age = 32.1 years). Teenage resting heart rate interacted with race …
Developmental Change in Feedback Processing as Reflected by Phasic Heart Rate Changes
Heart rate was recorded from 3 age groups (8-10, 12, and 20-26 years) while they performed a probabilistic learning task. Stimuli had to be sorted by pressing a left versus right key, followed by positive or negative feedback. Adult heart rate slowed following negative feedback when stimuli were consistently mapped onto the left or right key (response-dependent condition) but not when responses to stimuli were always followed by negative feedback…
Task-induced ST segment depression, ectopic beats, and autonomic responses in coronary heart disease patients
The relationship between psychologically induced autonomic responses, ST segment depression, and ectopy was examined in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and controls. Both groups underwent a battery of performance tasks and interviews. Performance tasks were selected to yield predictable sympathetic and vagal responses. Autonomic activation in response to stimuli was documented using heart rate, blood pressure, and vascular indices. ST…
Social support reduces cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge
In this study we investigated the effects of nonevaluative social interaction on the cardiovascular response to psychological challenge. Thirty-nine college-age females appeared accompanied ("Friend" condition) or unaccompanied ("Alone" condition) to an experimental laboratory. In the Friend condition, partners were present while the subject participated in two laboratory tasks, and the partners' evaluation potential was minimized by design. Subj…
Biobehavioral factors in sudden cardiac death
The authors examine the recent literature on psychological factors and sudden cardiac death and explore the mediating psychophysiological processes by which these variables may be associated. Direct evidence that psychosocial stressors and their correlates may be causally linked with sudden cardiac death in humans is not conclusive, but there is abundant convergent evidence that several physiological precursors of sudden death may be promoted by …
Inferring vagal tone from heart rate variability
Inhibition in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as indexed by heart rate change
A stop signal paradigm in combination with heart rate measures were used to test the hypothesis of deficient inhibitory processing in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors measured the inhibitory process initiated by a stop signal by observing its success, its latency using a horse race model, and its impact on the timing of the heartbeat. Boys with ADHD performed well and showed appropriate psychophysiological ch…
Exaggerated Cardiovascular Reactivity Is Associated With Increased Left Ventricular Mass
Kamarck, Thomas W.; Jennings, J. Richard; Manuck, Stephen B.; Everson, Susan; Kaplan, George A.; Eranen, Jaakko; Salonen, Jukka T. Author Information
Vital Exhaustion and Diastolic Blood Pressure Reactivity Are Related to Features of Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Atherosclerosis
Olafsson, G. B.; Jennings, J. R.; Everson, S. A.; Manuck, S. B.; Kamarck, T. W.; Salonen, J. T.; Kaplan, G. A. Author Information
Ethnic Differences in Stress-Related Inhibition of Baroreceptor Sensitivity
Olafsson, G. B.; Jennings, J. R.; Manuck, S. B.; Muldoon, M. F.; Steptoe, A. Author Information
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure and Thought
OBJECTIVE: This presentation seeks to demonstrate the use of brain imaging techniques for understanding the interaction between hypertension and psychosocial function. METHODS: The historical background for the study of brain function among hypertensive patients is reviewed. An initial and a current project examining rCBF with 15O water radiotracer and PET in unmedicated hypertensives and normotensives are described. The rCBF response is assessed…
Developmental Change in Feedback Processing as Reflected by Phasic Heart Rate Changes
Heart rate was recorded from 3 age groups (8-10, 12, and 20-26 years) while they performed a probabilistic learning task. Stimuli had to be sorted by pressing a left versus right key, followed by positive or negative feedback. Adult heart rate slowed following negative feedback when stimuli were consistently mapped onto the left or right key (response-dependent condition) but not when responses to stimuli were always followed by negative feedback…
Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With Polymorphic Variation in the Choline Transporter Gene
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether interindividual variation in parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic) regulation of heart rate (as estimated by frequency components of heart rate variability [HRV]) may be accounted for, in part, by genetic variation in the choline transporter, a component of acetylcholine neurotransmission. METHODS: Resting HRV estimates of high- (HF) and low-frequency (LF) power …
Statistical Guidelines for Psychosomatic Medicine
During the past two years, Psychosomatic Medicine joined many of the leading medical journals in adopting the CONSORT, MOOSE, QUOROM, and STARD guidelines for reporting clinical trials, meta-analyses, and diagnostic studies. This year, we are implementing our own set of statistical analysis guidelines. In doing so, we are joining a much smaller number of journals. Whether we are setting a trend, or simply going out on a limb, remains to be seen. …
Is There a Functional Neural Correlate of Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity
Objective: The present study tested whether individuals who differ in the magnitude of their blood pressure reactions to a behavioral stressor also differ in their stressor-induced patterns of functional neural activation. Methods: Sixteen participants (7 men, 9 women aged 47 to 72 years) were classified as high (n = 8) or low (n = 8) blood pressure reactors by the magnitude and temporal consistency of their systolic blood pressure (SBP) reaction…
Preparation for Speeded Action as a Psychophysiological Concept
Mental preparation aids performance and induces multiple physiological changes that should inform concepts of preparation. To date, however, these changes have been interpreted as being due to a global preparatory process (e.g., attention or alertness). The authors review psychophysiological and performance investigations of preparation. Concepts of the central regulation of action offer an integrative framework for understanding the psychophysio…
Stimulated Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines Covaries Inversely With Heart Rate Variability
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether high-frequency heart rate variability, an indirect measure of parasympathetic (vagal) control over variations in heart rate, is associated with immune reactivity to an in vitro inflammatory challenge. Convergent evidence from the animal literature shows that the autonomic nervous system plays a key role in regulating the magnitude of immune responses to inflammatory stimuli. Signaling by the parasympathetic system in…
Trait Negative Affect
Objective: To assess depression, anxiety, and anger as well as the variance that these emotions share (conceptualized as negative affect) in relationship to high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a specific indicator of parasympathetic cardiac autonomic function related to premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although individual trait negative emotions have been studied in relation to risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) as…
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part I
Neuroscience was an integral part of psychosomatic medicine at its inception in the early 20th century. Since the mid-20th century, however, psychosomatic research has largely ignored the brain. The field of neuroscience has burgeoned in recent years largely because a variety of powerful new methods have become available. Many of these methods allow for the noninvasive study of the living human brain and thus are potentially available for integra…
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part II
During the second half of the last century, biopsychosocial research in psychosomatic medicine largely ignored the brain. Neuroscience has started to make a comeback in psychosomatic medicine research and promises to advance the field in important ways. In this paper we briefly review select brain imaging research findings in psychosomatic medicine in four key areas: cardiovascular regulation, visceral pain in the context of functional gastrointe…
Gain in Adiposity Across 15 Years is Associated With Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Women
OBJECTIVE: To test whether current gray matter volume (GMV) covaried with previously obtained longitudinal measures of weight gain-as assessed by increases in body mass index (BMI)-among otherwise healthy postmenopausal women. Cross-sectional results indicate that reduced GMV may be associated with excess body weight. METHODS: Demographic, biometric, and behavioral measures were obtained from 48 women as part of the Pittsburgh Healthy Women Study…
Perceptual Inhibition is Associated with Sensory Integration in Standing Postural Control Among Older Adults
In older adults, maintaining balance and processing information typically interfere with each other, suggesting that executive functions may be engaged for both. We investigated associations between measures of inhibitory processes and standing postural control in healthy young and older adults. Perceptual and motor inhibition was measured using a protocol adapted from Nassauer and Halperin (2003, Dissociation of perceptual and motor inhibition p…
Brain Function, Cognition, and the Blood Pressure Response to Pharmacological Treatment
OBJECTIVE: To extend evidence suggesting that essential hypertension influences neuropsychological performance and that brain function before treatment is related to the success of pharmacological lowering of blood pressure (BP). METHODS: A voxel-based examination of the whole brain was conducted among 43 hypertensive patients treated for 1 year with assessment pre and post treatment, using positron emission tomography and neuropsychological test…
Grand Challenges in Psychosomatic Research
SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Psychiatry, 24 September 2010Sec. Psychological Therapy and Psychosomatics Volume 1 - 2010 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00131
Spouses' Cardiovascular Reactivity to Their Partners' Suffering
A laboratory study of older adults with osteoarthritis and their spouses was conducted to examine the unique influence of exposure to suffering on caregivers' risk for impaired psychological and physical health. Spouses' blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored during 2 tasks designed to capture their partners' suffering. First, spouses watched their partners (and a stranger) carry heavy logs across an 8-ft space for 3 min, a task t…
Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
Although a low resting heart rate is considered the best‐replicated biological correlate of antisocial behavior, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. Sensation‐seeking and fearlessness theories have been proposed to explain this relationship, although little empirical research has been conducted to test these theories. This study addressed this limitation by examining the relationship between heart rate and antisoci…
Child Abuse and Neglect and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women
OBJECTIVE: A childhood history of abuse or neglect may be associated with elevated adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. No studies have examined associations between child abuse/neglect and subclinical CVD using a validated measure of abuse and neglect. We hypothesized that midlife women with a history of childhood abuse or neglect would have increased subclinical CVD beyond standard CVD risk factors. We tested moderation of associations by s…
Medicine (30 obras) · Psychology (24 obras) · Internal Medicine (23 obras) · Internal Medicine (22 obras) · Blood pressure (12 obras) · Psychiatry (12 obras) · Heart rate (11 obras) · Cardiology (10 obras) · Neuroscience (8 obras) · Cardiac Health and Mental Health (7 obras)