Jutta Joormann
Biographic Data
| ID | 1662492 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jutta Joormann |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jutta |
| FAMILY NAME | Joormann |
| SIGNATURE | JOORMANN J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5531-8513 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 44 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Is seeing believing? Linking fixation bias and flexibility with interpretation flexibility
BACKGROUND: Interpretation flexibility allows individuals to update their interpretations of ambiguous information as new evidence becomes available. Attention allocation to novel information underlies interpretation flexibility. This study examined links between interpretation flexibility and attentional allocation to newly revealed information using eye-tracking metrics of fixation bias and fixation flexibility. METHOD: = 90) viewed ambiguous i…
Relationship between rumination and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder – a cross-sectional network analysis
Background Rumination is associated with the development and maintenance of PTSD. However, significant gaps remain in understanding how specific PTSD symptoms relate to rumination at a granular level, particularly when controlling for common comorbidities like depression and anxiety. This study used multi-level network analysis to examine these relationships in adult survivors of traumatic events. Methods Six hundred sixty-one adult survivors (me…
Changes in emotional granularity under a population‐level stressor predict social anxiety and depressive symptoms
Emotional granularity, reflecting the specificity with which individuals distinguish their emotional experiences, is crucial to emotional well-being. This study examined whether emotional granularity predicts adolescents' social anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 140 adolescents (M age = 11.91) reported daily emotions for 21-28 days at three timepoints: before the pandemic, during the acute phase, and 1 year …
Social reorientation of emotion regulation: Changing roles of family and peers during adolescence
The emotional climate of the family and peer group is theorized to play a central role in the development of emotion regulation (ER) in children and adolescents, such that warmer, more supportive environments promote more effective ER. However, most studies demonstrating associations between social interactions and ER use have focused on individual differences in the regulation of negative affect. This study is the first to investigate whether so…
Networks of guilt, shame, pride, and disordered eating in youths show stability over time
Recent literature suggests that self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, and pride) play an important role in increasing the risk for disordered eating behaviors and cognitions. Despite the increasing frequency and intensity of self-conscious emotions and of disordered eating behaviors and cognitions during childhood and adolescence, little is known about how self-conscious emotions are related to disordered eating during this age, or how sta…
The mindful gaze: Trait mindful people under an instructed emotion regulation goal selectively attend to positive stimuli
Trait mindfulness confers emotional benefits and encourages skillful emotion regulation, in part because it helps people more deliberately attend to internal experiences and external surroundings. Such heightened attentional control might help skillfully deploy one's attention towards certain kinds of stimuli, which may in turn help regulate emotions, but this remains unknown. Testing how trait mindful people deploy attention when regulating thei…
Examining the association among adolescents’ emotional clarity, emotion differentiation, and the regulation of negative and positive affect using a daily diary approach
Emotional clarity and emotion differentiation (ED) are two core aspects of the application of emotional knowledge. During adolescence, novel emotional experiences result in temporary decreases of differentiation and clarity. These temporary difficulties might profoundly impact choices of regulatory strategies. And indeed, prior research has shown that lower emotional clarity and emotion differentiation are each associated with higher use of putat…
Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes: Leveraging antecedent factors to stratify risk
PTSD symptoms were highly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, while the association with prospective cannabis use is not clear. Findings suggest that understanding the different risk stratification that occurs can aid in tailoring interventions to populations at greatest risk to best mitigate the comorbidity between PTSD symptoms and future substance use outcomes. We demonstrate that this is particularly salient for tobacco use and, to some …
The development of a novel scale to assess intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies: The Emotion Regulation Strategy Scale (ERSS)
Existing emotion regulation research focuses on how individuals use different strategies to manage their own emotions-also called intra-personal emotion regulation. However, people often leverage connections with others to regulate their own emotions-interpersonal emotion regulation. The goal of the present studies was to develop a comprehensive and efficient scale-the Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (ERSS)-to assess nine specific emotion reg…
Cognitive–emotional impairments in euthymic bipolar disorder—New insights into emotion regulation and cognitive control deficits
Bipolar disorder (BD) is assumed to be a disorder of emotion regulation (ER), with the most prominent endophenotype being deficient cognitive control (CC). However, the nature of ER and CC deficits and specifically their association in BD has not been adequately examined. Therefore, the present study examines different aspects of ER and CC within n = 32 euthymic patients with BD and n = 32 healthy controls (HCs). Besides self-reported habitual us…
Interpersonal emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in parent–adolescent dyads: A daily-diary investigation
Deficient parental extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation (IER, how people regulate others' emotions) is a known risk factor for adolescent depression. Although IER and depression development are transactional, dyadic processes, previous work has almost exclusively focused on how parental IER is associated with adolescent depression. The association between parental IER and adolescent depression, and the associations between adolescent IER an…
Dynamics between affect and social acceptance as a function of social anxiety: A person-specific network approach
Social acceptance and rejection are salient experiences, especially during adolescence. Acceptance and rejection relate to changes in positive and negative affect, although directionality of the relation remains unclear. The ability to regulate affect following social experiences may be part of the etiology of social anxiety disorder. With the importance of social cues in adolescence, as well as adolescence as a key window for the onset of social…
Longitudinal associations between five factor model and impulsive personality traits and PTSD symptoms: Findings from the Aurora study
Interpretation inflexibility and negative social impression in paranoia
Social Interpretation Inflexibility and Functioning: Associations with Symptoms and Stress
Introduction: Interpretation inflexibility has been implicated in a range of mental health problems, including depression, social anxiety, and paranoia. Inflexible interpretation of social situations may be particularly important as it can set the stage for problems in social functioning, a symptom cutting across all three groups of disorders. Methods: This study aimed to examine the interrelations among interpretation inflexibility, social funct…
Social impression formation and depression: Examining cognitive flexibility and bias
Depression is associated with a bias toward negative interpretations of social situations and resistance to integrating evidence consistent with positive interpretations. These features could contribute to social isolation by generating negative expected value for future social interactions. The present study examined potential associations between depressive symptoms and positive (i.e. trust and liking) and negative (i.e. distrust and disliking)…
Empathy is associated with interpersonal emotion regulation goals in everyday life
Responding to the emotions of the people around us is a phenomenon traversing human lives; however, research has only recently started exploring the predictors of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). In two ecological momentary assessment studies conducted in 2021 and 2022, we tested whether facets of empathy (i.e., mentalizing, experience sharing, empathic concern, and personal distress) are associated with other-focused IER goals and their a…
Learned helplessness: Expanding on a goal-directed perspective
Combining operant and goal-directed perspectives, Boddez et al. suggest that helplessness stems from a lack of reinforcement when striving toward a goal, with the degree of generalisation dependent on subjective perceptions of goal similarity. We begin by reviewing the theoretical model, describe possible expansions from a cognitive perspective, and discuss several considerations. We finish with a brief discussion of possible directions for futur…
Seeing red: Distraction influences visual attention for anger but not for other negative emotions
Emotion regulation is a vital skill that improves psychological well-being and overall functioning. Distraction (the purposeful internal disengagement from an emotional stimulus) and cognitive reappraisal (the process of changing one's thoughts about an emotional event/stimulus) are two well-established regulation strategies that can effectively decrease negative affect. Less understood, however, are the attention allocation strategies that occur…
A meta-analytic review of the relationship between explicit memory bias and depression: Depression features an explicit memory bias that persists beyond a depressive episode
Emotional bias in explicit memory is theorized to play a prominent role in the etiology, maintenance, and recurrence of depression. Even though this cognitive bias is regarded as one of the most robust phenomena in depression, its magnitude and boundary conditions in depression are currently unknown. This review presents two three-level meta-analyses to estimate the overall effect size and identify moderators of explicit memory bias in depression…
Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of Covid-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action.
The Future of Women in Psychological Science
There has been extensive discussion about gender gaps in representation and career advancement in the sciences. However, psychological science itself has yet to be the focus of discussion or systematic review, despite our field’s investment in questions of equity, status, well-being, gender bias, and gender disparities. In the present article, we consider 10 topics relevant for women’s career advancement in psychological science. We focus on issu…
Positive emotion in daily life: Emotion regulation and depression
Depression is associated with the infrequent use of emotion regulation strategies that increase positive emotion and the frequent use of strategies that decrease positive emotion. However, prior research mostly relies on global, retrospective assessments that fail to capture dynamic relations between positive emotion and emotion regulation in ecologically valid settings. This study used an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to test whet…
Emotion regulation and self-criticism in children and adolescence: Longitudinal networks of transdiagnostic risk factors
Adolescence is a time of heightened risk for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in emotion regulation and heightened levels of self-criticism are two processes that have been proposed as critical risk factors. Considering the accumulating evidence that risk factors rarely work in isolation, there is a pressing need to examine how self-criticism and emotion regulations strategies interact. The present study utilizes a network analysi…
Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During Covid‐19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths' mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth's changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, M age = 11.77) explores the relation between pre-existing emotion regulation strat…
Serotonergic function, two-mode models of self-regulation, and vulnerability to depression: What depression has in common with impulsive aggression
Evidence from diverse literatures supports the viewpoint that two modes of self-regulation exist, a lower-order system that responds quickly to associative cues of the moment and a higher-order system that responds more reflectively and planfully; that low serotonergic function is linked to relative dominance of the lower-order system; that how dominance of the lower-order system is manifested depends on additional variables; and that low seroton…
Connections during crisis: Adolescents’ social dynamics and mental health during Covid-19
Adolescence is a critical period for social development, which COVID-19 has dramatically altered. Quarantined youths had limited in-person interactions with peers. The present study used an intensive longitudinal design to investigate changes in interpersonal dynamics and mental health during COVID-19. Specifically, we investigated whether the associations between different social contexts-that is, "spillover"-changed during COVID-19 and whether …
Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During Covid‐19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths' mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth's changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, M age = 11.77) explores the relation between pre-existing emotion regulation strat…
Attentional Biases for Negative Interpersonal Stimuli in Clinical Depression.
An information-processing paradigm was used to examine attentional biases in clinically depressed participants, participants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and nonpsychiatric control participants for faces expressing sadness, anger, and happiness. Faces were presented for 1000 ms, at which point depressed participants had directed their attention selectively to depression-relevant (i.e., sad) faces. This attentional bias was specific to…
Emotional Intensity of Idiographic Sad Memories in Depression Predicts Symptom Levels 1 Year Later
When cued with generic happy and sad words, depressed individuals have been found to articulate contextually impoverished memories of autobiographical events. Although this pattern predicts a worse symptomatic course of disorder in some depressed samples, longitudinal findings with the cue-word paradigm are inconsistent. To address the etiological significance of autobiographical memories outside the cue-word paradigm, the authors used an idiogra…
Does processing of emotional stimuli predict symptomatic improvement and diagnostic recovery from major depression
This study was designed to examine whether processing of emotional stimuli predicts both symptomatic improvement and recovery from depression. Participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (N=63) completed information-processing tasks to assess attention to and memory for sad, physically threatening, socially threatening, and happy stimuli. At a follow-up session an average of nine months later, participants were reassessed to deter…
Responses to Positive Affect: A Self-Report Measure of Rumination and Dampening
Serotonergic function, two-mode models of self-regulation, and vulnerability to depression: What depression has in common with impulsive aggression
Evidence from diverse literatures supports the viewpoint that two modes of self-regulation exist, a lower-order system that responds quickly to associative cues of the moment and a higher-order system that responds more reflectively and planfully; that low serotonergic function is linked to relative dominance of the lower-order system; that how dominance of the lower-order system is manifested depends on additional variables; and that low seroton…
Perception of facial expressions of emotion during binocular rivalry
Binocular rivalry is the perceptual alternation between two incompatible stimuli presented simultaneously but to each eye separately. The observer's perception switches back and forth between the two stimuli that are competing for perceptual dominance. In two studies, pictures of emotional faces (disgust and happy) were pitted against each other or against pictures of faces with neutral expressions. Study 1 demonstrated that (a) emotional facial …
Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Cognitive theories of depression posit that people's thoughts, inferences, attitudes, and interpretations, and the way in which they attend to and recall information, can increase their risk for depression. Three mechanisms have been implicated in the relation between biased cognitive processing and the dysregulation of emotion in depression: inhibitory processes and deficits in working memory, ruminative responses to negative mood states and neg…
Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition
Depression is a disorder of impaired emotion regulation. Consequently, examining individual differences in the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies has considerable potential to inform models of this debilitating disorder. The aim of the current study was to identify cognitive processes that may be associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies and to elucidate their relation to depression. Depression has been found to be assoc…
Cognitive bias modification: Induced interpretive biases affect memory
Previous research has shown that it is possible to experimentally induce interpretive biases using ambiguous scenarios. This study extends past findings by examining the effects of cognitive bias modification for interpretation on subsequent scenario recall. Participants were trained to interpret emotionally ambiguous passages in either a positive or negative direction. Transfer of the training to novel scenarios was tested. After training, parti…
Gaze-fixation to happy faces predicts mood repair after a negative mood induction
The present study tested the interplay between mood and attentional deployment by examining attention to positive (i.e., happy faces) and negative (i.e., angry and sad faces) stimuli in response to experimental inductions of sad and happy mood. Participants underwent a negative, neutral, or positive mood induction procedure (MIP) which was followed by an assessment of their attentional deployment to emotional faces using eye-tracking technology. …
The Relational Theory of Attention: Implications for the Processing of Emotional Stimuli in Psychological Disorders
Examining the interaction between cognition and emotion has a long tradition in research on emotional disorders. Indeed, many theories place great emphasis on the role of cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, in the onset and maintenance of these disorders. Biases in attention, for example, have been identified as central characteristics of depression and anxiety and have been linked to the difficulties in emotion regulation that def…
Gene Effects and G × E Interactions in the Differential Prediction of Three Aspects of Impulsiveness
Several polymorphisms relevant to dopamine and serotonin have been identified as potential contributors to individual differences in impulsivity versus self-control. Because impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, a need remains to examine more closely how various genes relate to different aspects of impulsivity. We examined four dopamine-related polymorphisms and the serotonin transporter as predictors of three aspects of impulsivity, two beari…
Correlates of Facebook usage patterns: The relationship between passive Facebook use, social anxiety symptoms, and brooding
Control when it counts: Change in executive control under stress predicts depression symptoms
Individual differences in the ability to regulate affect following stressful life events have been associated with an increased risk for experiencing depression symptoms. Research further suggests that emotion regulation may depend on executive control which, in turn, has been shown to decline following stress exposure. Whether individual differences in stress-induced change in executive control predict depression symptoms, however, remains unkno…
Social anxiety and narrowed attentional breadth toward faces
The amount of information that can be perceived and processed will be partly determined by attentional breadth (i.e., the scope of attention), which might be narrowed in social anxiety due to a negative attentional bias. The current study examined the effects of stimulus valence on socially anxious individuals' attentional breadth. Seventy-three undergraduate students completed a computerized dual-task experiment during which they were simultaneo…
Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions
Finding patterns in emotional information: Enhanced sensitivity to statistical regularities within negative information
In everyday life, people are exposed to continuous flows of emotional information. The ability to organize and segment this continuous input seems critical to understand what is happening around us. This study investigated whether people are sensitive to subtle statistical regularities embedded in flows of emotional information. Experiment 1 showed that people were able to identify regularities in streams of negative visual scenes. Experiment 2 d…
Does repetitive negative thinking affect attention? Differential effects of worry and rumination on attention to emotional stimuli
Worry and rumination, two cardinal responses to emotional events, are key for maintaining negative emotion and have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety and depressive disorders. Though worry and rumination are highly correlated with one another and people who engage in one often engage in both, they may differentially affect emotion. Specifically, previous work suggests that worry helps people avoid (intense) emotion, while…
Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression
Depression is theorized to be caused in part by biased cognitive processing of emotional information. Yet, prior research has adopted a reductionist approach that does not characterize how biases in cognitive processes such as attention and memory work together to confer risk for this complex multifactorial disorder. Grounded in affective and cognitive science, we highlight four mechanisms to understand how attention biases, working memory diffic…
“What has been is what will be”? Autobiographical memory and prediction of future events in depression
Depression is associated with negative autobiographical thinking regarding the past and the future. The association between the two temporal dimensions, however, has not been examined. In the present study, 32 participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 32 controls completed a cued-recall task. Participants rated memories for positivity, frequency of occurrence to themselves/others, and expected recurrence, and listed planned …
Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of Covid-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action.
The Future of Women in Psychological Science
There has been extensive discussion about gender gaps in representation and career advancement in the sciences. However, psychological science itself has yet to be the focus of discussion or systematic review, despite our field’s investment in questions of equity, status, well-being, gender bias, and gender disparities. In the present article, we consider 10 topics relevant for women’s career advancement in psychological science. We focus on issu…
Positive emotion in daily life: Emotion regulation and depression
Depression is associated with the infrequent use of emotion regulation strategies that increase positive emotion and the frequent use of strategies that decrease positive emotion. However, prior research mostly relies on global, retrospective assessments that fail to capture dynamic relations between positive emotion and emotion regulation in ecologically valid settings. This study used an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to test whet…
Emotion regulation and self-criticism in children and adolescence: Longitudinal networks of transdiagnostic risk factors
Adolescence is a time of heightened risk for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in emotion regulation and heightened levels of self-criticism are two processes that have been proposed as critical risk factors. Considering the accumulating evidence that risk factors rarely work in isolation, there is a pressing need to examine how self-criticism and emotion regulations strategies interact. The present study utilizes a network analysi…
Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During Covid‐19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths' mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth's changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, M age = 11.77) explores the relation between pre-existing emotion regulation strat…
Psychology (42 works) · Developmental psychology (33 works) · Clinical Psychology (26 works) · Mental Health Research Topics (25 works) · Cognition (23 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Psychiatry (20 works) · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes (19 works) · Cognitive psychology (19 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (17 works)