Gary H Mcclelland
Biographic Data
| ID | 1662848 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gary H Mcclelland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gary H |
| FAMILY NAME | Mcclelland |
| SIGNATURE | MCCLELLAND G H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Colorado Boulder |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7652-7007 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 353 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Spotlights, Floodlights, and the Magic Number Zero: Simple Effects Tests in Moderated Regression
It is common for researchers discovering a significant interaction of a measured variable X with a manipulated variable Z to examine simple effects of Z at different levels of X. These “spotlight” tests are often misunderstood even in the simplest cases, and it appears that consumer researchers are unsure how to extend them to more complex designs. The authors explain the general principles of spotlight tests, show that they rely on familiar regr…
What's next? Judging sequences of binary events
The authors review research on judgments of random and nonrandom sequences involving binary events with a focus on studies documenting gambler's fallacy and hot hand beliefs. The domains of judgment include random devices, births, lotteries, sports performances, stock prices, and others. After discussing existing theories of sequence judgments, the authors conclude that in many everyday settings people have naive complex models of the mechanisms …
Designing, Testing, and Interpreting Interactions and Moderator Effects in Family Research.
This article is a primer on issues in designing, testing, and interpreting interaction or moderator effects in research on family psychology. The first section focuses on procedures for testing and interpreting simple effects and interactions, as well as common errors in testing moderators (e.g., testing differences among subgroup correlations, omitting components of products, and using median splits). The second section, devoted to difficulties …
Negative Consequences of Dichotomizing Continuous Predictor Variables
Marketing researchers frequently split (dichotomize) continuous predictor variables into two groups, as with a median split, before performing data analysis. The practice is prevalent, but its effects are not well understood. In this article, the authors present historical results on the effects of dichotomization of normal predictor variables rederived in a regression context that may be more relevant to marketing researchers. The authors then p…
Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs.
Analyses designed to detect mediation and moderation of treatment effects are increasingly prevalent in research in psychology. The mediation question concerns the processes that produce a treatment effect. The moderation question concerns factors that affect the magnitude of that effect. Although analytic procedures have been reasonably well worked out in the case in which the treatment varies between participants, no systematic procedures for e…
Misleading Heuristics and Moderated Multiple Regression Models
Moderated multiple regression models allow the simple relationship between the dependent variable and an independent variable to depend on the level of another independent variable. The moderated relationship, often referred to as the interaction, is modeled by including a product term as an additional independent variable. Moderated relationships are central to marketing (e.g., Does the effect of promotion on sales depend on the market segment?)…
Increasing statistical power without increasing sample size
Increasing statistical power without increasing sample size
Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects
Although interaction effects are frequently found in experimental studies, field researchers report considerable difficulty in finding theorized moderator effects. Previous discussions of this discrepancy have considered responsible factors including differences in measurement error and use of nonlinear scales. In this article we demonstrate that the differential efficiency of experimental and field tests of interactions is also attributable to t…
Why do people pay taxes?
Hypothetical and real consequences in experimental auctions for insurance against low‐probability risks
Laboratory experiments have provided useful information about how people behave in risky situations. In particular, such experiments have allowed for the observation of many deviations from the predictions of expected utility theory. There is some dispute, however, over the effect of the use of real versus hypothetical money in these experiments and over the impact of experience. In this paper we describe auction experiments in which subjects fac…
Across‐persons versus within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models: A methodological note
It has been asserted that (I) tests of expectancy‐value models require within‐persons analyses and that (2) within‐persons analyses yield better predictions of behavioral tendencies than do across‐persons analyses. The first assertion is correct; the second is not. Justification for within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models must be made on theoretical rather than empirical grounds
Beliefs and values and the sterilization decision
Beliefs and values and the sterilization decision
Use of the maximal-operant principle to motivate children's intrinsic interest
The present research examined the hypothesis that in contrast to theory and research indicating that tangible reward decreases subsequent interest in enjoyable academic activities, rewards are perceived by adults as effective techniques to maximize long- and short-term subsequent interest for academic tasks of both high and low initial interest level. The results of our first three studies demonstrated that college students and parents view tangi…
Human Judgment and Decision Making: Theories, Methods, and Procedures
Determining the Impact of Sex Preferences on Fertility: A Demonstration Study
The stopping rule measure of sex preferences represents a combination of psychological measures of preference and behavioral intentions. This study of 172 college students demonstrates that the stopping rule measure is a useful and practical method of measuring sex preferences. The results further indicate that parity progression ratio measures inherently underestimate the effect of sex preferences on individual fertility because they incorrectly…
Determining the impact of sex preferences on fertility: A consideration of parity progression ratio, dominance, and stopping rule measures
The two methods commonly used to assess the effect of sex preferences on fertility are inadequate to the task. Parity progression ratio analyses suffer from logical problems stemming from the heterogeneity of sex preferences and the riskiness of fertility decisions. While conjoint measurement-dominance procedures overcome these logical problems, they cannot yield quantitative estimates of the impact of sex preferences on fertility. A stopping rul…
From Manual Training to Community Development: Seeking Relevance in Manual Training for Aboriginal Teenagers
Teenagers in the Western world are increasingly vocal in their demands for "relevance" in their school experience. Young Aboriginal men in their teens (although perhaps not fully conscious of what they are doing, or able to verbalize their feelings) are also "demanding" relevance in their school experience by several kinds of passive resistance. Two examples of this resistance are, that attendance at some Northern Territory schools is extremely l…
Preference scales for number and sex of Children
A measurement—theoretical approach to the scaling of preferences for number of children and sex composition is developed to provide a feasible field procedure for studying factors affecting size bias and sex bias and for studying the effects of such biases on realized family size. The measures, reflecting the individual's utility for number and sex of children, go beyond global stated preferences and are sensitive to deviations from a first choic…
Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects
Although interaction effects are frequently found in experimental studies, field researchers report considerable difficulty in finding theorized moderator effects. Previous discussions of this discrepancy have considered responsible factors including differences in measurement error and use of nonlinear scales. In this article we demonstrate that the differential efficiency of experimental and field tests of interactions is also attributable to t…
Preference scales for number and sex of Children
A measurement—theoretical approach to the scaling of preferences for number of children and sex composition is developed to provide a feasible field procedure for studying factors affecting size bias and sex bias and for studying the effects of such biases on realized family size. The measures, reflecting the individual's utility for number and sex of children, go beyond global stated preferences and are sensitive to deviations from a first choic…
Determining the impact of sex preferences on fertility: A consideration of parity progression ratio, dominance, and stopping rule measures
The two methods commonly used to assess the effect of sex preferences on fertility are inadequate to the task. Parity progression ratio analyses suffer from logical problems stemming from the heterogeneity of sex preferences and the riskiness of fertility decisions. While conjoint measurement-dominance procedures overcome these logical problems, they cannot yield quantitative estimates of the impact of sex preferences on fertility. A stopping rul…
What's next? Judging sequences of binary events
The authors review research on judgments of random and nonrandom sequences involving binary events with a focus on studies documenting gambler's fallacy and hot hand beliefs. The domains of judgment include random devices, births, lotteries, sports performances, stock prices, and others. After discussing existing theories of sequence judgments, the authors conclude that in many everyday settings people have naive complex models of the mechanisms …
Determining the Impact of Sex Preferences on Fertility: A Demonstration Study
The stopping rule measure of sex preferences represents a combination of psychological measures of preference and behavioral intentions. This study of 172 college students demonstrates that the stopping rule measure is a useful and practical method of measuring sex preferences. The results further indicate that parity progression ratio measures inherently underestimate the effect of sex preferences on individual fertility because they incorrectly…
Use of the maximal-operant principle to motivate children's intrinsic interest
The present research examined the hypothesis that in contrast to theory and research indicating that tangible reward decreases subsequent interest in enjoyable academic activities, rewards are perceived by adults as effective techniques to maximize long- and short-term subsequent interest for academic tasks of both high and low initial interest level. The results of our first three studies demonstrated that college students and parents view tangi…
Across‐persons versus within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models: A methodological note
It has been asserted that (I) tests of expectancy‐value models require within‐persons analyses and that (2) within‐persons analyses yield better predictions of behavioral tendencies than do across‐persons analyses. The first assertion is correct; the second is not. Justification for within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models must be made on theoretical rather than empirical grounds
From Manual Training to Community Development: Seeking Relevance in Manual Training for Aboriginal Teenagers
Teenagers in the Western world are increasingly vocal in their demands for "relevance" in their school experience. Young Aboriginal men in their teens (although perhaps not fully conscious of what they are doing, or able to verbalize their feelings) are also "demanding" relevance in their school experience by several kinds of passive resistance. Two examples of this resistance are, that attendance at some Northern Territory schools is extremely l…
Preference scales for number and sex of Children
A measurement—theoretical approach to the scaling of preferences for number of children and sex composition is developed to provide a feasible field procedure for studying factors affecting size bias and sex bias and for studying the effects of such biases on realized family size. The measures, reflecting the individual's utility for number and sex of children, go beyond global stated preferences and are sensitive to deviations from a first choic…
From Manual Training to Community Development: Seeking Relevance in Manual Training for Aboriginal Teenagers
Teenagers in the Western world are increasingly vocal in their demands for "relevance" in their school experience. Young Aboriginal men in their teens (although perhaps not fully conscious of what they are doing, or able to verbalize their feelings) are also "demanding" relevance in their school experience by several kinds of passive resistance. Two examples of this resistance are, that attendance at some Northern Territory schools is extremely l…
Determining the impact of sex preferences on fertility: A consideration of parity progression ratio, dominance, and stopping rule measures
The two methods commonly used to assess the effect of sex preferences on fertility are inadequate to the task. Parity progression ratio analyses suffer from logical problems stemming from the heterogeneity of sex preferences and the riskiness of fertility decisions. While conjoint measurement-dominance procedures overcome these logical problems, they cannot yield quantitative estimates of the impact of sex preferences on fertility. A stopping rul…
Determining the Impact of Sex Preferences on Fertility: A Demonstration Study
The stopping rule measure of sex preferences represents a combination of psychological measures of preference and behavioral intentions. This study of 172 college students demonstrates that the stopping rule measure is a useful and practical method of measuring sex preferences. The results further indicate that parity progression ratio measures inherently underestimate the effect of sex preferences on individual fertility because they incorrectly…
Human Judgment and Decision Making: Theories, Methods, and Procedures
Beliefs and values and the sterilization decision
Use of the maximal-operant principle to motivate children's intrinsic interest
The present research examined the hypothesis that in contrast to theory and research indicating that tangible reward decreases subsequent interest in enjoyable academic activities, rewards are perceived by adults as effective techniques to maximize long- and short-term subsequent interest for academic tasks of both high and low initial interest level. The results of our first three studies demonstrated that college students and parents view tangi…
Beliefs and values and the sterilization decision
Across‐persons versus within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models: A methodological note
It has been asserted that (I) tests of expectancy‐value models require within‐persons analyses and that (2) within‐persons analyses yield better predictions of behavioral tendencies than do across‐persons analyses. The first assertion is correct; the second is not. Justification for within‐persons tests of expectancy‐value models must be made on theoretical rather than empirical grounds
Why do people pay taxes?
Hypothetical and real consequences in experimental auctions for insurance against low‐probability risks
Laboratory experiments have provided useful information about how people behave in risky situations. In particular, such experiments have allowed for the observation of many deviations from the predictions of expected utility theory. There is some dispute, however, over the effect of the use of real versus hypothetical money in these experiments and over the impact of experience. In this paper we describe auction experiments in which subjects fac…
Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects
Although interaction effects are frequently found in experimental studies, field researchers report considerable difficulty in finding theorized moderator effects. Previous discussions of this discrepancy have considered responsible factors including differences in measurement error and use of nonlinear scales. In this article we demonstrate that the differential efficiency of experimental and field tests of interactions is also attributable to t…
Increasing statistical power without increasing sample size
Increasing statistical power without increasing sample size
Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs.
Analyses designed to detect mediation and moderation of treatment effects are increasingly prevalent in research in psychology. The mediation question concerns the processes that produce a treatment effect. The moderation question concerns factors that affect the magnitude of that effect. Although analytic procedures have been reasonably well worked out in the case in which the treatment varies between participants, no systematic procedures for e…
Misleading Heuristics and Moderated Multiple Regression Models
Moderated multiple regression models allow the simple relationship between the dependent variable and an independent variable to depend on the level of another independent variable. The moderated relationship, often referred to as the interaction, is modeled by including a product term as an additional independent variable. Moderated relationships are central to marketing (e.g., Does the effect of promotion on sales depend on the market segment?)…
Negative Consequences of Dichotomizing Continuous Predictor Variables
Marketing researchers frequently split (dichotomize) continuous predictor variables into two groups, as with a median split, before performing data analysis. The practice is prevalent, but its effects are not well understood. In this article, the authors present historical results on the effects of dichotomization of normal predictor variables rederived in a regression context that may be more relevant to marketing researchers. The authors then p…
Designing, Testing, and Interpreting Interactions and Moderator Effects in Family Research.
This article is a primer on issues in designing, testing, and interpreting interaction or moderator effects in research on family psychology. The first section focuses on procedures for testing and interpreting simple effects and interactions, as well as common errors in testing moderators (e.g., testing differences among subgroup correlations, omitting components of products, and using median splits). The second section, devoted to difficulties …
What's next? Judging sequences of binary events
The authors review research on judgments of random and nonrandom sequences involving binary events with a focus on studies documenting gambler's fallacy and hot hand beliefs. The domains of judgment include random devices, births, lotteries, sports performances, stock prices, and others. After discussing existing theories of sequence judgments, the authors conclude that in many everyday settings people have naive complex models of the mechanisms …
Spotlights, Floodlights, and the Magic Number Zero: Simple Effects Tests in Moderated Regression
It is common for researchers discovering a significant interaction of a measured variable X with a manipulated variable Z to examine simple effects of Z at different levels of X. These “spotlight” tests are often misunderstood even in the simplest cases, and it appears that consumer researchers are unsure how to extend them to more complex designs. The authors explain the general principles of spotlight tests, show that they rely on familiar regr…
Psychology (16 works) · Mathematics (12 works) · Statistics (12 works) · Econometrics (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (5 works) · Economics (5 works) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works)