Roger Chaffin
Biographic Data
| ID | 1663368 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roger Chaffin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roger |
| FAMILY NAME | Chaffin |
| SIGNATURE | CHAFFIN R |
| AFFILIATIONS | College of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7627-8787 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 18 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
How secure memorization promotes expression
Experienced musicians can perform reliably from memory because they prepare performance cues (PCs) that allow them to recover when performance is disrupted. We describe a longitudinal case study in which a pianist (the second author) learned and performed Chopin’s Barcarolle, Op. 60, over a 12-year period. The pianist provided PC reports for 28 performances, starting a month before her first public performance. Shortly after each performance, she…
Recovery from memory failure when recalling a memorized performance
To perform reliably and confidently from memory, musicians must able to recover from mistakes and memory failures. We describe how an experienced singer (the second author) recovered from mistakes and gaps in recall as she periodically recalled the score of a piece of vocal music that she had memorized for public performance, writing out the music six times over a five-year period following the performance. Five years after the performance, the s…
Movement is part of the meaning of music notation
Does seeing music notation activate the motor systems of expert musicians in preparation for playing, even when they do not have an instrument to play? Trombonists, non-trombonist musicians, and non-musicians were asked to indicate whether the second note of a visually presented two-note sequence was higher or lower than the first note. Participants responded by moving a joystick forward for “ higher” and backward for “ lower” or by pressing a bu…
Training thought and action for virtuoso performance
The skills needed to play fast, challenging music with passion and conviction are much the same as the skills needed to play reliably from memory. We illustrate the relationship between virtuosic performance and memorization by describing how an experienced cellist (the first author) prepared the Prelude from J. S. Bach’s Suite No. 6 (BWV 1012) for solo cello for public performance in more than 30 hours of practice, and then taught a student pian…
Musicians body sway embodies musical structure and expression
Musicians’ sway during performance seems to be related to musical structure. However, it has yet to be shown that examples of the relationship are not simply due to chance. Progress has been impeded by three problems: the assumption that musical structure is constant across performances; the complexity of the movements; and the inability of traditional statistical tests to accurately model the multilevel temporal hierarchies involved. We solved t…
Testimonies of Trauma
VII. Performning Gender
A comparison of hyponym and synonym decisions
Retrieval and Comparison Processes in Part-Whole Decisions
Undergraduate students were presented with word pairs (e.g., egg-yolk) and were timed as they decided whether one word named part of the thing named by the other word. In Experiment 1, "no" responses to nonpart pairs (e.g., fish-flaps) were slowed by the similarity of the stimulus part (flaps) to a part that the stimulus object did possess (fins). This suggested that decisions were made by retrieving parts of the stimulus object from memory and c…
Pliny
Anonymous Rhetorica Ad Herennium
Anonymous Mnemosyne (memory)
Hesiod
Aristophanes
Anonymous Dialexeis
Memory in Historical Perspective
Effects of Relation Similarity on Part-Whole Decisions
Subjects were presented with word pairs (e.g., bed-mattress) and timed as they decided whether one word named part of the item named by the other word. Yes responses were facilitated, and no responses were impeded, by relation similarity (i.e., the similarity of the relation between the two stimulus items to the part-whole relation). Item similarity, the similarity of the two stimulus items to each other, had no effect. The results support the vi…
Effects of gender and topic on speech style
Only connections
Only connections
This article examines theories that assume that semantic networks account for the mental representation of meaning. It assesses their similarities and divergencies, and argues that as a class of theories they remain too powerful to be refuted by empirical evidence. The theories are also confronted by a number of problematical semantic phenomena that arise because networks deal with the connections between concepts rather than with their connectio…
Context Effects in the Categorization Task
Ss performed a categorization task in which size of target category and semantic relatedness of negative items to the target category were varied. One group of 16 Ss saw high typicality positive items—e.g., bird sparrow (high typicality group); the second group of 16 Ss saw low typicality positive items—e.g., bird peacock (low typicality group). Both groups saw the same negative items. Responses were slower in the low typicality group than in the…
An Effect of Relationship Similarity on Categorization Latency
Number of Available Associations and Rate of Association For Categories in Semantic Memory
Bousfield and Sedgewick showed that the cumulative number of associations produced to a category as a function of time could be described by an exponential function having the parameters m (rate of association) and C (total number of associates produced). In two experiments using male and female college students (N = 16 and N = 14, respectively), the present study investigated the hypothesis suggested by previous research, that the values of m an…
Only connections
This article examines theories that assume that semantic networks account for the mental representation of meaning. It assesses their similarities and divergencies, and argues that as a class of theories they remain too powerful to be refuted by empirical evidence. The theories are also confronted by a number of problematical semantic phenomena that arise because networks deal with the connections between concepts rather than with their connectio…
Effects of gender and topic on speech style
A comparison of hyponym and synonym decisions
Effects of Relation Similarity on Part-Whole Decisions
Subjects were presented with word pairs (e.g., bed-mattress) and timed as they decided whether one word named part of the item named by the other word. Yes responses were facilitated, and no responses were impeded, by relation similarity (i.e., the similarity of the relation between the two stimulus items to the part-whole relation). Item similarity, the similarity of the two stimulus items to each other, had no effect. The results support the vi…
Context Effects in the Categorization Task
Ss performed a categorization task in which size of target category and semantic relatedness of negative items to the target category were varied. One group of 16 Ss saw high typicality positive items—e.g., bird sparrow (high typicality group); the second group of 16 Ss saw low typicality positive items—e.g., bird peacock (low typicality group). Both groups saw the same negative items. Responses were slower in the low typicality group than in the…
Number of Available Associations and Rate of Association For Categories in Semantic Memory
Bousfield and Sedgewick showed that the cumulative number of associations produced to a category as a function of time could be described by an exponential function having the parameters m (rate of association) and C (total number of associates produced). In two experiments using male and female college students (N = 16 and N = 14, respectively), the present study investigated the hypothesis suggested by previous research, that the values of m an…
Number of Available Associations and Rate of Association For Categories in Semantic Memory
Bousfield and Sedgewick showed that the cumulative number of associations produced to a category as a function of time could be described by an exponential function having the parameters m (rate of association) and C (total number of associates produced). In two experiments using male and female college students (N = 16 and N = 14, respectively), the present study investigated the hypothesis suggested by previous research, that the values of m an…
Context Effects in the Categorization Task
Ss performed a categorization task in which size of target category and semantic relatedness of negative items to the target category were varied. One group of 16 Ss saw high typicality positive items—e.g., bird sparrow (high typicality group); the second group of 16 Ss saw low typicality positive items—e.g., bird peacock (low typicality group). Both groups saw the same negative items. Responses were slower in the low typicality group than in the…
An Effect of Relationship Similarity on Categorization Latency
Only connections
Only connections
This article examines theories that assume that semantic networks account for the mental representation of meaning. It assesses their similarities and divergencies, and argues that as a class of theories they remain too powerful to be refuted by empirical evidence. The theories are also confronted by a number of problematical semantic phenomena that arise because networks deal with the connections between concepts rather than with their connectio…
Effects of gender and topic on speech style
Pliny
Anonymous Rhetorica Ad Herennium
Anonymous Mnemosyne (memory)
Hesiod
Aristophanes
Anonymous Dialexeis
Memory in Historical Perspective
Effects of Relation Similarity on Part-Whole Decisions
Subjects were presented with word pairs (e.g., bed-mattress) and timed as they decided whether one word named part of the item named by the other word. Yes responses were facilitated, and no responses were impeded, by relation similarity (i.e., the similarity of the relation between the two stimulus items to the part-whole relation). Item similarity, the similarity of the two stimulus items to each other, had no effect. The results support the vi…
Retrieval and Comparison Processes in Part-Whole Decisions
Undergraduate students were presented with word pairs (e.g., egg-yolk) and were timed as they decided whether one word named part of the thing named by the other word. In Experiment 1, "no" responses to nonpart pairs (e.g., fish-flaps) were slowed by the similarity of the stimulus part (flaps) to a part that the stimulus object did possess (fins). This suggested that decisions were made by retrieving parts of the stimulus object from memory and c…
A comparison of hyponym and synonym decisions
VII. Performning Gender
Testimonies of Trauma
Training thought and action for virtuoso performance
The skills needed to play fast, challenging music with passion and conviction are much the same as the skills needed to play reliably from memory. We illustrate the relationship between virtuosic performance and memorization by describing how an experienced cellist (the first author) prepared the Prelude from J. S. Bach’s Suite No. 6 (BWV 1012) for solo cello for public performance in more than 30 hours of practice, and then taught a student pian…
Musicians body sway embodies musical structure and expression
Musicians’ sway during performance seems to be related to musical structure. However, it has yet to be shown that examples of the relationship are not simply due to chance. Progress has been impeded by three problems: the assumption that musical structure is constant across performances; the complexity of the movements; and the inability of traditional statistical tests to accurately model the multilevel temporal hierarchies involved. We solved t…
Movement is part of the meaning of music notation
Does seeing music notation activate the motor systems of expert musicians in preparation for playing, even when they do not have an instrument to play? Trombonists, non-trombonist musicians, and non-musicians were asked to indicate whether the second note of a visually presented two-note sequence was higher or lower than the first note. Participants responded by moving a joystick forward for “ higher” and backward for “ lower” or by pressing a bu…
Recovery from memory failure when recalling a memorized performance
To perform reliably and confidently from memory, musicians must able to recover from mistakes and memory failures. We describe how an experienced singer (the second author) recovered from mistakes and gaps in recall as she periodically recalled the score of a piece of vocal music that she had memorized for public performance, writing out the music six times over a five-year period following the performance. Five years after the performance, the s…
How secure memorization promotes expression
Experienced musicians can perform reliably from memory because they prepare performance cues (PCs) that allow them to recover when performance is disrupted. We describe a longitudinal case study in which a pianist (the second author) learned and performed Chopin’s Barcarolle, Op. 60, over a 12-year period. The pianist provided PC reports for 28 performances, starting a month before her first public performance. Shortly after each performance, she…
Psychology (16 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Cognitive psychology (11 works) · Art (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (6 works) · Classical Antiquity Studies (6 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works) · Cognition (5 works) · History (5 works) · Neuroscience and Music Perception (5 works)