Gordon M Friedrichs
Biographic Data
| ID | 1667580 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gordon M Friedrichs |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gordon M |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedrichs |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDRICHS G M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1117-6258 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 24 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 12 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Polarization of U.S. Alliances: Domestic Division and America’s Commitment to International Security
Democracies are considered particularly reliable allies as their political elites are accountable to their voters and party, prohibiting them from reneging on alliance commitments. Yet heightened polarization in the U.S. raises questions about this political support system of U.S. alliances. Combining the literature on audience costs with research on polarization and U.S. foreign policy, this article theorizes how partisan and ideological polariz…
Ontological security crisis and role conception change: The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s role conceptions
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has put significant pressure on the European Union’s (EU) role conceptions, challenging its self-perception as a normative and civilian power. This article explores the impact of the invasion on EU role conceptions through the lens of ontological security theory. We differentiate between ontological insecurity and crisis, elucidating the EU’s responses to acute shocks that disrupt the connection between its…
International Organizations Amid Global Crises: Analysing Role Selection and Impact through Role Theory
Learning by doing: A Role Theoretical Approach to Learning of Inter-Governmental Organizations
When leaders disappoint: Rejection and Denial of Leadership Roles in International Politics
International leadership failure by states is an underdeveloped concept in International Relations. Existing approaches commonly equate leadership with hegemony, arguing that leadership success and failure are contingent on primacy or shared material interests among states. In this article, we introduce a role theoretical approach, which defines international leadership as a social role that emerges from shared expectations among states pertainin…
Quantitative Content Analysis
Quantitative content analysis (QuantCA) offers several benefits to the study of foreign policy, particularly the quantitative analysis of messages related to collective identities. In this chapter, I focus on QuantCA in the context of assumed identity messages with a human preset coding. I first briefly reflect on the usage of QuantCA in FPA and IR scholarship before I focus on one particular application of human preset coding of assumed identity…
Regime Complexity as an Asset? The Negotiations of the Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is an important milestone in reducing the illicit trade of arms but was highly unlikely to be negotiated and passed. Major powers and states exporting and importing arms were not keen on universally binding regulations, leading to political stalemate in the initial negotiation arena, the Conference on Disarmament. This article investigates under which conditions regime complexity had a positive influence on the ATT neg…
Populist Minds Think Alike? National Identity Conceptions and Foreign Policy Preferences of Populist Leaders
The global wave of populism has recently drawn the attention of foreign policy analysts. Despite significant contributions, we still know little about populist leaders’ conceptions of their nation's identity and how these inform foreign policy preferences. What understanding do populists have regarding what their nation stands for and how high it stands in comparison to others? In this article, I introduce a theoretical model of identity-driven f…
Conceptualizing the Effects of Polarization for US Foreign Policy Behavior in International Negotiations: Revisiting the Two-Level Game
Polarization has been a prevalent phenomenon in US politics, yet its foreign policy implications remain understudied. A common assumption is that polarization undermines the utilization of United States’ material power via a coherent grand strategy. In this article, I argue that polarization does not make the United States incapable of enacting a foreign policy per se but instead affects US foreign policy conduct, power, and strategy toward inter…
Polarization and US foreign policy: Key debates and new findings
Polarization in the USA has been on the rise for several decades. In this context, few observers expect politics today to stop "at the water's edge," as the old cliché goes. But key questions about the relationship between polarization and US foreign policy remain to be fully answered. To what extent are American ideas about foreign policy now polarized along partisan lines? How is polarization changing the foreign policy behavior of the US Congr…
National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium: Defining a Place in a Changing World
Polarized we trade? Intraparty polarization and US trade policy
Research indicates that polarization has led to an increasing dispersion between moderate and more extreme voters within both parties. Intraparty polarization supposedly affects the nature of interparty competition as it creates political space for new political realignments and the rise of anti-establishment candidates. This article examines the extent and impact of intraparty polarization in Congress on US trade policy. Specifically, the articl…
From factions to fractions: India’s foreign policy roles across different party systems
India’s government under Narendra Modi represents a return to single party rule. This paper investigates whether and why single party governments in India differ in their extremity of foreign polic
Polarization and US foreign policy: Key debates and new findings
Polarization in the USA has been on the rise for several decades. In this context, few observers expect politics today to stop "at the water's edge," as the old cliché goes. But key questions about the relationship between polarization and US foreign policy remain to be fully answered. To what extent are American ideas about foreign policy now polarized along partisan lines? How is polarization changing the foreign policy behavior of the US Congr…
Polarized we trade? Intraparty polarization and US trade policy
Research indicates that polarization has led to an increasing dispersion between moderate and more extreme voters within both parties. Intraparty polarization supposedly affects the nature of interparty competition as it creates political space for new political realignments and the rise of anti-establishment candidates. This article examines the extent and impact of intraparty polarization in Congress on US trade policy. Specifically, the articl…
Ontological security crisis and role conception change: The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s role conceptions
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has put significant pressure on the European Union’s (EU) role conceptions, challenging its self-perception as a normative and civilian power. This article explores the impact of the invasion on EU role conceptions through the lens of ontological security theory. We differentiate between ontological insecurity and crisis, elucidating the EU’s responses to acute shocks that disrupt the connection between its…
Regime Complexity as an Asset? The Negotiations of the Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is an important milestone in reducing the illicit trade of arms but was highly unlikely to be negotiated and passed. Major powers and states exporting and importing arms were not keen on universally binding regulations, leading to political stalemate in the initial negotiation arena, the Conference on Disarmament. This article investigates under which conditions regime complexity had a positive influence on the ATT neg…
Populist Minds Think Alike? National Identity Conceptions and Foreign Policy Preferences of Populist Leaders
The global wave of populism has recently drawn the attention of foreign policy analysts. Despite significant contributions, we still know little about populist leaders’ conceptions of their nation's identity and how these inform foreign policy preferences. What understanding do populists have regarding what their nation stands for and how high it stands in comparison to others? In this article, I introduce a theoretical model of identity-driven f…
Conceptualizing the Effects of Polarization for US Foreign Policy Behavior in International Negotiations: Revisiting the Two-Level Game
Polarization has been a prevalent phenomenon in US politics, yet its foreign policy implications remain understudied. A common assumption is that polarization undermines the utilization of United States’ material power via a coherent grand strategy. In this article, I argue that polarization does not make the United States incapable of enacting a foreign policy per se but instead affects US foreign policy conduct, power, and strategy toward inter…
Learning by doing: A Role Theoretical Approach to Learning of Inter-Governmental Organizations
From factions to fractions: India’s foreign policy roles across different party systems
India’s government under Narendra Modi represents a return to single party rule. This paper investigates whether and why single party governments in India differ in their extremity of foreign polic
From factions to fractions: India’s foreign policy roles across different party systems
India’s government under Narendra Modi represents a return to single party rule. This paper investigates whether and why single party governments in India differ in their extremity of foreign polic
National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium: Defining a Place in a Changing World
Polarized we trade? Intraparty polarization and US trade policy
Research indicates that polarization has led to an increasing dispersion between moderate and more extreme voters within both parties. Intraparty polarization supposedly affects the nature of interparty competition as it creates political space for new political realignments and the rise of anti-establishment candidates. This article examines the extent and impact of intraparty polarization in Congress on US trade policy. Specifically, the articl…
Quantitative Content Analysis
Quantitative content analysis (QuantCA) offers several benefits to the study of foreign policy, particularly the quantitative analysis of messages related to collective identities. In this chapter, I focus on QuantCA in the context of assumed identity messages with a human preset coding. I first briefly reflect on the usage of QuantCA in FPA and IR scholarship before I focus on one particular application of human preset coding of assumed identity…
Regime Complexity as an Asset? The Negotiations of the Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is an important milestone in reducing the illicit trade of arms but was highly unlikely to be negotiated and passed. Major powers and states exporting and importing arms were not keen on universally binding regulations, leading to political stalemate in the initial negotiation arena, the Conference on Disarmament. This article investigates under which conditions regime complexity had a positive influence on the ATT neg…
Populist Minds Think Alike? National Identity Conceptions and Foreign Policy Preferences of Populist Leaders
The global wave of populism has recently drawn the attention of foreign policy analysts. Despite significant contributions, we still know little about populist leaders’ conceptions of their nation's identity and how these inform foreign policy preferences. What understanding do populists have regarding what their nation stands for and how high it stands in comparison to others? In this article, I introduce a theoretical model of identity-driven f…
Conceptualizing the Effects of Polarization for US Foreign Policy Behavior in International Negotiations: Revisiting the Two-Level Game
Polarization has been a prevalent phenomenon in US politics, yet its foreign policy implications remain understudied. A common assumption is that polarization undermines the utilization of United States’ material power via a coherent grand strategy. In this article, I argue that polarization does not make the United States incapable of enacting a foreign policy per se but instead affects US foreign policy conduct, power, and strategy toward inter…
Polarization and US foreign policy: Key debates and new findings
Polarization in the USA has been on the rise for several decades. In this context, few observers expect politics today to stop "at the water's edge," as the old cliché goes. But key questions about the relationship between polarization and US foreign policy remain to be fully answered. To what extent are American ideas about foreign policy now polarized along partisan lines? How is polarization changing the foreign policy behavior of the US Congr…
When leaders disappoint: Rejection and Denial of Leadership Roles in International Politics
International leadership failure by states is an underdeveloped concept in International Relations. Existing approaches commonly equate leadership with hegemony, arguing that leadership success and failure are contingent on primacy or shared material interests among states. In this article, we introduce a role theoretical approach, which defines international leadership as a social role that emerges from shared expectations among states pertainin…
International Organizations Amid Global Crises: Analysing Role Selection and Impact through Role Theory
Learning by doing: A Role Theoretical Approach to Learning of Inter-Governmental Organizations
The Polarization of U.S. Alliances: Domestic Division and America’s Commitment to International Security
Democracies are considered particularly reliable allies as their political elites are accountable to their voters and party, prohibiting them from reneging on alliance commitments. Yet heightened polarization in the U.S. raises questions about this political support system of U.S. alliances. Combining the literature on audience costs with research on polarization and U.S. foreign policy, this article theorizes how partisan and ideological polariz…
Ontological security crisis and role conception change: The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s role conceptions
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has put significant pressure on the European Union’s (EU) role conceptions, challenging its self-perception as a normative and civilian power. This article explores the impact of the invasion on EU role conceptions through the lens of ontological security theory. We differentiate between ontological insecurity and crisis, elucidating the EU’s responses to acute shocks that disrupt the connection between its…
Political science (12 works) · Political economy (10 works) · Economics (8 works) · Politics (8 works) · International Relations and Foreign Policy (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Foreign policy (5 works) · International Development and Aid (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · International trade (4 works)