Dana Raphael
Biographic Data
| ID | 169858 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dana Raphael |
| GIVEN NAMES | Dana |
| FAMILY NAME | Raphael |
| SIGNATURE | RAPHAEL D |
| AFFILIATIONS | York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0724-3174 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 134 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 224 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 133 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1956 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Health studies students consider the relevance of Georg Grosz’s depictions of social inequalities in Weimar Germany to the contemporary Canadian scene
The arts and humanities can direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions and the political and economic systems that spawn them. In pursuit of this goal, we presented 15 undergraduate health studies students and alumni with drawings by artist Georg Grosz that depicted the profound social inequalities of Weimar-era Germany and then had them explore the relevance of these drawings to the present-day Ca…
The Quality of Life Research Unit at the University of Toronto: Eulogy and the Rebirth of a Quality of Life Research and Practice Agenda
Relevance of Georg Grosz’s Weimar-era drawings to promoting social justice and health equity in contemporary society
The arts and humanities can direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions and the political and economic systems that spawn them. Most of these efforts aim to improve healthcare by promoting empathy and sensitivity among health professionals towards patients and improving clinical skills. However, less effort is devoted towards improving living and working conditions-the structural and social determin…
Evoking Brecht’s A Worker’s Speech to a Doctor: Developing clinical skills, deepening understanding and promoting action on living and working conditions, or mobilisation for system reform or transfor…
Bertolt Brecht's 1938 poem 'A Worker's Speech to a Doctor' has been used by health educators to direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions. However, to date there has not been a systematic analysis of these evocations and their goals (eg, develop clinical skills through promotion of empathy, encourage action to improve living and working conditions, and/or calls for broad societal mobilisation for …
Canadian credit unions and the prospects for a post-capitalist economy
The growing polycrisis in Canada and elsewhere associated with deteriorating living and working conditions have increased calls for a post-capitalist socialist economy. Among the means of accomplishing this goal is the late Erik Olin Wright's argument for eroding capitalism by developing alternative economic structures and processes that enable equality and fairness, democracy and freedom, and community and solidarity in a post-capitalist society…
Promoting social justice in the capitalist academy? Health equity and the Johns Hopkins University Michael Bloomberg School of Public Health
The past two decades have seen increasing mentions of health equity and the importance of addressing the social determinants of health in USA public health statements. Yet, there is little uptake of these concepts into USA public policy. We see this, in part, as being due to the unwillingness of the USA public health community - including its network of Masters of Public Health Programs - to address the fundamental cause of health inequities: the…
Does unionization and working under collective agreements promote health?
Health promoters recognize the social determinants of health (SDOH) shape health outcomes yet generally neglect how unionization and collective agreements (CAs) shape these SDOH. This is surprising since extensive evidence indicates unions and CAs influence wages and benefits, job security, working conditions and income inequality, which go on to affect additional SDOH of food and housing security, child development and social exclusion. We argue…
Socialism as the way forward: Updating a discourse analysis of the social determinants of health
In 2011 Raphael identified seven discourses on the social determinants of health (SDH). These discourses ranged from 'SDH as identifying those in need of health and social services' to 'SDH and their distribution result from the power and influence of those who create and benefit from health and social inequalities'. Developments since then have led us to identify an eighth: 'SDH and their distribution result from the processes inherent to capita…
Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht
The Old Mole and the New Democratic Party: Why the NDP is an Impediment to Social Progress in Canada
A critical analysis of the Finnish Baby Box’s journey into the liberal welfare state: Implications for progressive public policymaking
Corporate and business domination of food banks and food diversion schemes in Canada
Critics have identified the corporate and business sector as contributing to household food insecurity through its endorsement of low wages, anti-union activities and lobbying for retrenchment of the Canadian welfare state. It is therefore troubling that this same corporate and business sector has come to dominate positions on the boards of directors of civil society organizations with missions to reduce household food insecurity. Fisher uses the…
Or 2023? Friedrich Engels's insights into the health effects of Victorian-era and contemporary Canadian capitalism
The Condition of the Working Class in England (hereafter, CWCE) by Friedrich Engels is a masterpiece of urban research not only for its explicit descriptions of the living and working conditions of members of the Victorian-era working class and their effects on health but also its insights into the sources of these conditions through a political economy analysis. For Engels, the capitalist economic system, with the support of the state apparatus,…
Mainstream News Media's Engagement with Friedrich Engels’s Concept of Social Murder
Literature now exists on how the media reports on health inequalities. One compelling concept as to the sources and impacts of health inequalities is “social murder” as articulated by Friedrich Engels in his 1845 volume, The Condition of the Working Class in England, whereby the capitalist economic system sent workers prematurely to the grave to serve the profit motives of the bourgeoisie. There is a reemergence of the concept in the academic lit…
Communicating Friedrich Engels's return to Manchester: Arts and cultural event, history lesson, or call to action
There is increasing interest by academics and mainstream media in the relevance of Friedrich Engels's writings for understanding contemporary economic and political issues. Still, Engels's writing about the adverse effects of the capitalist economic system on the health and well-being of workers, the environment, and society in general remains marginalized. Two recent art projects which saw the installation of statues of Engels in Manchester, the…
From personal responsibility to an eco-socialist state: Political economy, popular discourses and the climate crisis
The adverse effects of climate change are already apparent with action required to forestall a full blown climate catastrophe. Despite findings that social democratic welfare states – Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden – more proactively respond to climate change through environmental policies that complement public policies promoting economic and social security, even these eco-social welfare state environmental policies are unlikely to avert a…
Desperately seeking reductions in health inequalities in Canada: Polemics and anger mobilization as the way forward
Progress in reducing health inequalities through public policy action is difficult in nations identified as liberal welfare states. In Canada, as elsewhere, researchers and advocates provide governing authorities with empirical findings on the sources of health inequalities and document the lived experiences of those encountering these adverse health outcomes with the hope of provoking public policy action. However, critical analysis of the socie…
The Paradox of Tragedy
First published in 1960, The Paradox of Tragedy raises the fundamental question, why do we enjoy tragic drama with its themes of death and disaster? Aristotle’s theory of catharsis is still widely accepted as a satisfactory explanation of this paradox. In the first of its two connected essays, D.D. Raphael argues that Aristotle’s account of tragic emotions is distorted by a faulty psychology and fails to solve the problem. Raphael offers instead …
Take the money and run: How food banks became complicit with Walmart Canada’s hunger producing employment practices
For decades critics have identified Walmart Canada’s employment practices – characterized by inadequate wages with few benefits – as contributing to household food insecurity (HFI). Walmart Canada also opposes unionization drives which would result in higher wages and benefits through the collective bargaining process. In a remarkable example of image management, Walmart Canada now brands itself as an important ally in reducing the HFI its employ…
The reemergence of Engels’ concept of social murder in response to growing social and health inequalities
Conceptualizing and researching health equity in Africa through a political economy of health lens – Rwanda in perspective
Assuming policy responsibility for health equity: Local public health action in Ontario, Canada
In Canada's liberal welfare state the public is given little exposure by governmental authorities to the importance of promoting health equity through public policy action on the social determinants of health (SDoH). Not surprisingly, Canada lags in implementing health equity-enhancing public policy. In Ontario, Canada's most populous province, a local public health unit (PHU) took on the task of promoting health equity by developing the video an…
Canada’s Detention of Children in Immigration Holding Centres: Human Rights Violation, Threat to Health and Reflection of Canada’s Problematic Political Economy
Between 2015–2016, 201 children were held in detention in the Toronto Immigration Holding Centre (Canada Border Services Agency, 2017). There may have been even more held across Canada, but these figures are unavailable. Child detention is illegal under international law and causes serious mental, physical, and emotional health complications. In this article we discuss Canada’s detention of children drawing upon scholarship in the areas of (a) hu…
Canada considers a basic income guarantee: Can it achieve health for all?
There is little doubt that the implementation of a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) in Canada and other liberal welfare states would alleviate some of the most egregious examples of absolute poverty that contribute to poor health such as lack of adequate food and shelter and inability to meet basic household and personal needs. BIG would likely improve the health of the most disadvantaged by moving them closer to the relative poverty line. Yet, advoc…
The cultural hegemony of chronic disease association discourse in Canada
Poverty, Sense of Belonging and Experiences of Social Isolation
This article compares experiences of social isolation and perceptions of belonging between lower-income and higher-income people. We conducted individual interviews with 60 higher-income and 59 lower-income study participants and six group interviews with 34 low-income participants from two Canadian cities. Subsequently, a representative sample of 1,671 lower- and higher-income participants was surveyed by telephone. Income was a consistent predi…
How Modernization Can Also Increase Fertility [and Comments and Reply]
Industrialization, urbanization, and other associated processes of modernization generally lead to a reduction of fertility through the practice of birth control (contraception and induced abortion) and delayed age at marriage. The evidence reviewed in this paper demonstrates that these same processes may also have some fertility-increasing effects. Birth rate data for a few countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia clearly exhibit an increase…
Philosophy, Politics and Society: Second Series
Quality of life indicators and health: Current status and emerging conceptions
Second Thoughts in Moral Philosophy
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Second Thoughts in Moral Philosophy. By A. C. Ewing. (London : Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1959. Pp. vii + 190. Price 21s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 11, Issue 45, October 1961, Pages 382–383, https://doi.org/10.2307/2216549 Published: 01 October 1961
Power, intersectionality and the life-course: Identifying the political and economic structures of welfare states that support or threaten health
Lay understandings of the effects of poverty: A Canadian perspective
Although there is a large body of research dedicated to exploring public attributions for poverty, considerably less attention has been directed to public understandings about the effects of poverty. In this paper, we describe lay understandings of the effects of poverty and the factors that potentially influence these perceptions, using data from a telephone survey conducted in 2002 on a random sample (n=1671) of adults from eight neighbourhoods…
Government Policies as a Threat to Health: Findings from Two Toronto Community Quality of Life Studies
Public Attributions for Poverty in Canada
Les auteurs de cet article décrivent les caractéristiques sociales de la pauvreté en utilisant des données d'interviews téléphoniques effectuées en 2002 au moyen d'un échantillon aléatoire d'adultes sélectionnéà partir de huit voisinages à Toronto et Edmonton, enrichi par des données d'interviews. Une régression logistique multivariée a été utilisée afin de prédire l'attribution des caractéristiques structurelles, individualistes, intergénération…
Left out: Perspectives on social exclusion and inclusion across income groups
The goal of this paper is to explore the experiences of exclusion and inclusion of both low and higher-income people within a ‘social determinants of health framework’. In the first phase of this research, individual interviews with 60 high-income and 59 low-income participants, and group interviews with 34 low-income participants were conducted. During the second phase, 1671 higher and low-income participants were surveyed by telephone. The find…
Public Health Responses to Health Inequalities
Interdependence of formal reasoning
The Reproductive Role of the Human Breast [and Comments and Reply]
Like that of many other mammals, our rate of reproduction is related to the carrying capacity of our habitat, and throughout our history low lifetime fertility has been advantageous. The most important determinant of lifetime fertility is the interbirth interval, and the major variable in this interval is the duration of postpartum anovulation due to breast-feeding. The need for a long birth interval is accentuated by our immaturity at birth and …
Sex, Incest, and Death: Initiation Rites Reconsidered [and Comments and Reply]
In this paper an attempt is made to show why initiation and/or puberty rites occur in so many societies and why they take the shape they do. To do this I have used concepts derived from social and physical anthropology and from psychoanalysis. The rites are seen as part of a general human concern with categorization and the attribution of power/danger to what is not classifiable. The particular problem lies in the metamorphosis from the sexual wo…
Adam Smith: The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Adam Smith: The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Edited by D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie. (Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1976. Pp. 412. Price £15.00) T. D. Campbell T. D. Campbell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 27, Issue 109, October 1977, Pages 359–361, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218959 Published: 01 October 1977
Care leavers: A British affair
Individuals in and leaving care within the UK experience numerous dilemmas that include a lack of supportive housing and potential homelessness, lower educational attainment and occupational status, and greater likelihood of moving into poverty. These adverse situations—all of which are interrelated—shape their present and future health status. Models of these processes usually focus on individual behaviours/characteristics, the consolidation of …
Identity status in high school students: Critique and a revised paradigm
Adam Smith. Lectures on Jurisprudence
Journal Article Adam Smith. Lectures on Jurisprudence Get access Adam Smith. Lectures on Jurisprudence. Edited by R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P. G. Stein. (Oxford: Oxford University Press; Clarendon Press, 1978. Pp. 610. £20.00.) Neil MacCormick Neil MacCormick University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 88, Issue 352, 1 December 1978, Pages 837–839, https://doi.o…
Identity status in university women: A methodological note
Corporate and business domination of food banks and food diversion schemes in Canada
Critics have identified the corporate and business sector as contributing to household food insecurity through its endorsement of low wages, anti-union activities and lobbying for retrenchment of the Canadian welfare state. It is therefore troubling that this same corporate and business sector has come to dominate positions on the boards of directors of civil society organizations with missions to reduce household food insecurity. Fisher uses the…
Or 2023? Friedrich Engels's insights into the health effects of Victorian-era and contemporary Canadian capitalism
The Condition of the Working Class in England (hereafter, CWCE) by Friedrich Engels is a masterpiece of urban research not only for its explicit descriptions of the living and working conditions of members of the Victorian-era working class and their effects on health but also its insights into the sources of these conditions through a political economy analysis. For Engels, the capitalist economic system, with the support of the state apparatus,…
The cultural hegemony of chronic disease association discourse in Canada
Competing Discourses of Household Food Insecurity in Canada
Household food insecurity (HFI) impacts over 1.7 million households in Canada with adverse effects upon health. As a signatory to numerous international covenants asserting that access to food is a human right, Canadian governments are obliged to reduce HFI, yet Canadian governments have done remarkably little to assure that Canadians are food secure. In the absence of government action, HFI has spawned numerous non-governmental means of managing…
Perpetuating the utopia of health behaviourism: A case study of the Canadian Men’s Health Foundation’s Don’t Change Much initiative
The Political Economy of Health: A Research Agenda for Addressing Health Inequalities in Canada
Public policy creates health inequalities among Canadians by inequitably distributing the social determinants of health (SDOH). Political decisions by authorities bring about these public policies, yet to date there has been little resistance to these decisions by the Canadian public. This article proposes a research agenda for investigating why this might be the case by considering a) Canada’s identification as a liberal welfare state; b) the re…
God and Space-Time: Deity in the Philosophy of Samuel Alexander
The Structure of Metaphysics
Journal Article Critical Study Get access The Structure of Metaphysics. By Morris Lazerowitz. (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1955. Pp. xiv + 280. Price 25s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 7, Issue 26, January 1957, Pages 80–86, https://doi.org/10.2307/2216348 Published: 01 January 1957
Reason and Experience in Ethics
The Self as Agent
Journal Article Critical Study Get access The Self as Agent. By John Macmurray. (London : Faber & Faber. 1957. Pp. 230. Price 25s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 9, Issue 36, July 1959, Pages 267–277, https://doi.org/10.2307/2216922 Published: 01 July 1959
The Foundations of Political Theory
What Is Political Philosophy? And Other Studies
Second Thoughts in Moral Philosophy
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Second Thoughts in Moral Philosophy. By A. C. Ewing. (London : Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1959. Pp. vii + 190. Price 21s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 11, Issue 45, October 1961, Pages 382–383, https://doi.org/10.2307/2216549 Published: 01 October 1961
Philosophy, Politics and Society: Second Series
Sounds and Sense: Social Philosophy in Relation to 'Vocabulary
Dimensions of Freedom: An Analysis
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Dimensions of Freedom : An analysis. By Felix E. Oppenheim. (New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1961. London : Macmillan, 1962. Pp. 242. Price 40s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 55, April 1964, Pages 182–183, https://doi.org/10.2307/2955563 Published: 01 April 1964
Conservative and Prosthetic Justice
Professor Oakeshott's Rationalism in Politics
Persons in Relation
Book Reviews Get access Persons in Relation. By John Macmurray. (London : Faber. 1961. Pp. 235. Price 30s). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 15, Issue 58, January 1965, Pages 74–76, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218636 Published: 01 January 1965
Rationalism in Politics: A Note on Professor Oakeshott's Reply
Reason and Virtue: A Study in the Ethics of Richard Price
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Reason and Virtue : A study in the ethics of Richard Price. By Antonio S. Cua. (Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press. 1966. Pp. xviii + 196. Price $5.00). D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 17, Issue 66, January 1967, Page 70, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218368 Published: 01 January 1967
Philosophy, Politics and Society: Third Series
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Philosophy, Politics and Society : Third Series. Edited by Peter Laslett and W. G. Runciman. (Oxford : Basil Blackwell. 1967. Pp. vi + 232. Price 30s) D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 19, Issue 75, April 1969, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.2307/2217707 Published: 01 April 1969
Adam Smith and 'The Infection of David Hume's Society: New Light on an Old Controversy, Together with the Text of a Hitherto Unpublished Manuscript
D. D. Raphael, Adam Smith and 'The Infection of David Hume's Society': New Light on an Old Controversy, Together with the Text of a Hitherto Unpublished Manuscript, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1969), pp. 225-248
Tiger Behavior
Toleration, Choice and Liberty
DR KING AND PROFESSOR CRICK ARE BOTH MAINLY CONCERNED TO discuss the concept of tolerance as the deliberate acceptance of what is disapproved. They wish to reserve the use of the word ‘toleration’ for a variation upon this general idea, but their proposals are not quite the same. Dr King wants to use ‘toleration’ as ‘a label for those ideas, doctrines, ideologies or movements’ which have opposed specific types of intolerance. The dictionary label…
Shared Appointments
On Thumb-Sucking
The role of breastfeeding in a bottle‐oriented world
In underdeveloped and developing countries, children are malnourished and even dying from protein‐deficiency and weanling diarrhoea as early as three months of age. This tragic condition is related to the reduction or discontinuance of breastfeeding, the contamination of supplementary milk, and an over‐dilution of costly commercial milks. Four socio‐economic classes with different problems and values about breastfeeding are delimited: The Total B…
Stress-reduced Behavior Patterns
The Tender Gift: Breast-Feeding
Matrescence, Becoming a Mother, A “New/Old” Rite de Passage
Sociology (76 works) · Political science (75 works) · Law (51 works) · Medicine (51 works) · Politics (45 works) · Economics (39 works) · Psychology (38 works) · Public health (35 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (32 works) · Economic growth (29 works)