Keith A Crnic
Biographic Data
| ID | 170117 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Keith A Crnic |
| GIVEN NAMES | Keith A |
| FAMILY NAME | Crnic |
| SIGNATURE | CRNIC K A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3231-3960 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 180 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Immigration stress and maternal sensitivity in a Mexican immigrant sample: The role of parasympathetic activity and familism value
The present study contributes to our understanding of the sequelae of immigration stress in Mexican immigrant mothers and the cultural resiliency factors that may alter its effects. In contrast to hypotheses, findings suggested that mothers who endorse more immigration stress may also exhibit higher RSA, and links may be more pronounced among those with strong familism values. Further research is needed to advance understanding of resiliency proc…
Intergenerational Consequences of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment on Infant Health Concerns
Infant Temperament Profiles, Cultural Orientation, and Toddler Behavioral and Physiological Regulation in Mexican-American Families
This study sought to (a) replicate infant temperament profiles from predominantly White samples in a sample of low-income, predominantly first-generation Mexican-American families, (b) investigate associations between infant temperament profiles and toddler behavioral and physiological regulation, and (c) explore whether mothers’ cultural orientation would moderate those associations. Mothers and infants (n = 322; 46% male) were assessed during p…
The integrative model of family stress underlying Spanish and English vocabulary development in Mexican American children: Unique effects of financial and sociocultural hardships
Early oral language development lays an essential foundation for academic and socioemotional competencies but is vulnerable to the impact of family stress. Despite robust evidence that family stress affects early oral language development in monolingual samples, little is known about whether the family stress processes affecting language acquisition are similar among dual language learners. Furthermore, although Mexican American families often fa…
Pathways to Maternal and Child Well-Being: Stability and Transaction across Toddlerhood
In this minority at-risk population, there was substantial stability in and a lack of transactional relations between minor parenting stresses, parenting satisfaction, and dyadic dysregulation across toddlerhood. These factors are important determinants of maternal and child well-being, with minor parenting stress emerging as particularly powerful
Developmental Trajectories of Maternal Sensitivity across the First Year of Life: Relations among Emotion Competence and Dyadic Reciprocity
The findings offer a more nuanced understanding of maternal sensitivity and suggest that component aspects of maternal sensitivity uniquely contribute to child and family competencies
Prenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms Predict Early Infant Health Concerns
Parenting Stress and Parental Efficacy
Ontogeny of emotional and behavioral problems in a low-income, Mexican American sample
Clinically meaningful behavior problems are thought to be present beginning in the early toddler years, yet few studies have investigated correlates of behavior problems assessed before age 2 years. The current study investigated the direct and interactive contributions of early infant and caregiver characteristics thought to play an important role in the ontogeny of behavior problems. Specifically, the study examined: (a) the links between infan…
Economic Stress and Cortisol Among Postpartum Low-Income Mexican American Women: Buffering Influence of Family Support
Low-income Mexican American women experience significant health disparities during the postpartum period. Contextual stressors, such as economic stress, are theorized to affect health via dysregulated cortisol output. However, cultural protective factors including strong family support may buffer the impact of stress. In a sample of 322 low-income Mexican American women (mother age 18-42; 82% Spanish-speaking; modal family income $10,000-$15,000)…
Father involvement in Mexican-origin families: Preliminary development of a culturally informed measure
These preliminary results contribute to understanding of the transition to fatherhood among low-income Mexican-origin men and bring attention to the demographic, social, and cultural contexts in which varying levels of father involvement may emerge
The family model stress and maternal psychological symptoms: Mediated pathways from economic hardship to parenting.
Although much of the extant research on low-income families has targeted parental depression as the predominant psychological response to economic hardship, the current study examined a range of maternal psychological symptoms that may mediate the relations between early economic pressure and later parenting behaviors. A family stress model was examined using data from 1,142 mothers living in 2 areas of high rural poverty, focusing on the infancy…
Determinants of Change in Maternal Sensitivity: Contributions of Context, Temperament, and Developmental Risk
Early developmental risk and child gender contribute to the nature of maternal sensitivity over time, but their contributions depend on the situational demands of the interaction. This contextualized view of sensitivity provides further evidence in support of parenting as a dynamic developmental process
Developmental changes in anger expression and attention focus: Learning to wait
Being able to wait is an essential part of self-regulation. In the present study, the authors examined the developmental course of changes in the latency to and duration of target-waiting behaviors by following 65 boys and 55 girls from rural and semirural economically strained homes from ages 18 months to 48 months. Age-related changes in latency to and duration of children's anger expressions and attention focus (e.g., self-initiated distractio…
Emotion Socialization by Mothers and Fathers: Coherence among Behaviors and Associations with Parent Attitudes and Children's Social Competence
This study examined interrelations among different types of parental emotion socialization behaviors in 88 mothers and 76 fathers (co-residing with participating mothers) of 8-year-old children. Parents completed questionnaires assessing emotion socialization behaviors, emotion-related attitudes, and their children's social functioning. An observed parent-child emotion discourse task and a child social-problem solving interview were also performe…
Maternal Depression and Parenting: Implications for Children's Emergent Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Functioning
Objective. We investigated the role of mothers' elevated depressive symptoms on scaffolding and availability to assist preschool children's regulatory development. Design. A sample of 208 3-year-olds and their mothers was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study and followed to child age 4. Maternal scaffolding behaviors and children's emotion regulation competencies were assessed using behavioral coding schemes applied to observations of structu…
Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5
Despite increasing interest in the effects of parenting stress on children and families, many questions remain regarding the nature of parenting stress and the mechanism through which stress exerts its influence across time. In this study, cumulative parenting stress was assessed across the preschool period in a sample of 125 typically developing children and their mothers. Indices of parenting stress included both major life events stress-assess…
The Relation Between Mothers' Reports of Family-of-Origin Expressiveness and Their Emotion-Related Parenting
Objective. This study examines the importance of mothers' reports of their family histories of emotional expressiveness to the manner in which they socialize emotion in their children and the role of child gender as a moderator of that relation. Design. One-hundred and thirty-five mothers and their 3-year-olds participated. Mothers completed the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire to assess accounts of family-of-origin expressiveness. Current emo…
Pre‐school children with and without developmental delay: Behaviour problems and parenting stress over time
Background Children with intellectual disability are at heightened risk for behaviour problems and diagnosed mental disorder. Methods The present authors studied the early manifestation and continuity of problem behaviours in 205 pre‐school children with and without developmental delays. Results Behaviour problems were quite stable over the year from age 36–48 months. Children with developmental delays were rated higher on behaviour problems than…
Did you see that, Mom?’: Social Looking in Three‐Year‐Old Boys
This study examined social looking, defined as child‐initiated looking to a caregiver's face, in a sample of three‐year‐old boys and their mothers: 59.6% of boys looked to their mothers at least once over the course of emotion‐eliciting puppet show vignettes. Social looking occurred more often during puppet show events that were child‐focused and positive in valence. Boys’ social looking was related to their concurrent affective state, with more …
Maternal Emotions During Mother-Toddler Interaction: Parenting in Affective Context
Objective. This study explored the emotional experiences of mothers in interacting with their 2-year-old children and examined interrelations among maternal emotion, family distress, and observations of parenting sensitivity. Design. Sixty mothers and their 2-year-old children were observed interacting during both enjoyable (free play) and challenging (waiting) interaction tasks, and mothers provided self-report information about their emotional …
Stability and change in mothers' representations of their relationship with their toddlers
This study examined several issues in the developmental dynamics of parents' representations of their relationship with their toddlers. The authors studied 125 mothers and their firstborn toddler sons over a 13-month period. Mothers took the Parent Development Interview twice, when children were 15 and 28 months of age. Home observations of parent-child interactions and maternal ratings of daily hassles were collected when children were 21 and 27…
Attachment and bookreading patterns: A study of mothers, fathers, and their toddlers
Infant emotionality, parenting, and 3-year inhibition: Exploring stability and lawful discontinuity in a male sample
In this study, the authors examine temperament (12-13 months) and mothering and fathering (15, 21, 27, 33 months) antecedents of inhibition of children at age 3 years prospectively in a sample of 125 firstborn boys and retrospectively in only the most and least inhibited children. High negativity coupled with low positivity in infancy predicted high inhibition, as did parenting that was supportive (e.g., high sensitivity, low intrusiveness). Pare…
An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children
Gontran Lamberty, Renee Jenkins, Harriet Pipes McAdoo, Keith Crnic, Barbara Hanna Wasik, , An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children, Child Development, Vol. 67, No. 5 (Oct., 1996), pp. 1891-1914
Effects of maternal age on parenting role
Emotion Socialization by Mothers and Fathers: Coherence among Behaviors and Associations with Parent Attitudes and Children's Social Competence
This study examined interrelations among different types of parental emotion socialization behaviors in 88 mothers and 76 fathers (co-residing with participating mothers) of 8-year-old children. Parents completed questionnaires assessing emotion socialization behaviors, emotion-related attitudes, and their children's social functioning. An observed parent-child emotion discourse task and a child social-problem solving interview were also performe…
Maternal Depression and Parenting: Implications for Children's Emergent Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Functioning
Objective. We investigated the role of mothers' elevated depressive symptoms on scaffolding and availability to assist preschool children's regulatory development. Design. A sample of 208 3-year-olds and their mothers was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study and followed to child age 4. Maternal scaffolding behaviors and children's emotion regulation competencies were assessed using behavioral coding schemes applied to observations of structu…
Infant emotionality, parenting, and 3-year inhibition: Exploring stability and lawful discontinuity in a male sample
In this study, the authors examine temperament (12-13 months) and mothering and fathering (15, 21, 27, 33 months) antecedents of inhibition of children at age 3 years prospectively in a sample of 125 firstborn boys and retrospectively in only the most and least inhibited children. High negativity coupled with low positivity in infancy predicted high inhibition, as did parenting that was supportive (e.g., high sensitivity, low intrusiveness). Pare…
Coparenting during the Child's 2nd Year: A Descriptive Account
New parenthood calls for husbands and wives to work together, coordinate attitudes and beliefs, and to respect, and perhaps negotiate between, one another's unique ideas about raising children. The contribution of such marital processes to parent-child relationships is highlighted by more than 2 decades of research examining the interrelation of marriage, parenting, and child development (Gable, Belsky, & Crnic, 1992). Presently, it is recognized…
Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Daily Hassles of Parenting across Early Childhood
This article reports on a beginning study of minor daily stresses associated with parenting, and how the perception of minor stresses may be mediated by parental social support networks and social cognitive level. Daily hassles of parenting were assessed in three groups of mothers and fathers with children 9-12, 18-24, and 30-36 months old, along with measures of social support, social cognitive level, and parental satisfaction. Results indicated…
Stability and change in mothers' representations of their relationship with their toddlers
This study examined several issues in the developmental dynamics of parents' representations of their relationship with their toddlers. The authors studied 125 mothers and their firstborn toddler sons over a 13-month period. Mothers took the Parent Development Interview twice, when children were 15 and 28 months of age. Home observations of parent-child interactions and maternal ratings of daily hassles were collected when children were 21 and 27…
Developmental changes in anger expression and attention focus: Learning to wait
Being able to wait is an essential part of self-regulation. In the present study, the authors examined the developmental course of changes in the latency to and duration of target-waiting behaviors by following 65 boys and 55 girls from rural and semirural economically strained homes from ages 18 months to 48 months. Age-related changes in latency to and duration of children's anger expressions and attention focus (e.g., self-initiated distractio…
The Determinants of Fathering during the Child's Second and Third Years of Life: A Developmental Analysis
To further the understanding of the determinants of fathering, the parenting of 64 fathers of firstborn male toddlers was observed at home at four ages across the second and third years of life (15, 21, 27, and 33 months). Four qualitative measures of fathering were derived from the observational data. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess the association(s) between these fathering behaviors and variables representing three br…
Maternal Emotions During Mother-Toddler Interaction: Parenting in Affective Context
Objective. This study explored the emotional experiences of mothers in interacting with their 2-year-old children and examined interrelations among maternal emotion, family distress, and observations of parenting sensitivity. Design. Sixty mothers and their 2-year-old children were observed interacting during both enjoyable (free play) and challenging (waiting) interaction tasks, and mothers provided self-report information about their emotional …
Infant positive and negative emotionality: One dimension or two
To determine whether one or two dimensions of infant (positive and negative) emotionality best characterized infant functioning, parental reports (10 months) and elicited emotion (12-13 months) were examined. The adequacy of I - and 2-latent-construct measurement models were evaluated and the model consisting of separate positive and negative dimensions proved to fit the data better The discriminant validity of the 2-dimension model was evaluated…
Determinants of Change in Maternal Sensitivity: Contributions of Context, Temperament, and Developmental Risk
Early developmental risk and child gender contribute to the nature of maternal sensitivity over time, but their contributions depend on the situational demands of the interaction. This contextualized view of sensitivity provides further evidence in support of parenting as a dynamic developmental process
Attachment and bookreading patterns: A study of mothers, fathers, and their toddlers
Pathways to Maternal and Child Well-Being: Stability and Transaction across Toddlerhood
In this minority at-risk population, there was substantial stability in and a lack of transactional relations between minor parenting stresses, parenting satisfaction, and dyadic dysregulation across toddlerhood. These factors are important determinants of maternal and child well-being, with minor parenting stress emerging as particularly powerful
Ontogeny of emotional and behavioral problems in a low-income, Mexican American sample
Clinically meaningful behavior problems are thought to be present beginning in the early toddler years, yet few studies have investigated correlates of behavior problems assessed before age 2 years. The current study investigated the direct and interactive contributions of early infant and caregiver characteristics thought to play an important role in the ontogeny of behavior problems. Specifically, the study examined: (a) the links between infan…
Father involvement in Mexican-origin families: Preliminary development of a culturally informed measure
These preliminary results contribute to understanding of the transition to fatherhood among low-income Mexican-origin men and bring attention to the demographic, social, and cultural contexts in which varying levels of father involvement may emerge
The Relation Between Mothers' Reports of Family-of-Origin Expressiveness and Their Emotion-Related Parenting
Objective. This study examines the importance of mothers' reports of their family histories of emotional expressiveness to the manner in which they socialize emotion in their children and the role of child gender as a moderator of that relation. Design. One-hundred and thirty-five mothers and their 3-year-olds participated. Mothers completed the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire to assess accounts of family-of-origin expressiveness. Current emo…
Maternal sensitivity to children in problem situations
Sixty mothers and their preschool children were placed in interactions structured to involve a problem situation for the child, the mother, or both. Maternal sensitivity and insensitivity were measured to test a number of parent effectiveness constructs. Results indicate that mothers were more insensitive than sensitive to their children, and that some major assumptions of the parent effectiveness model lack sufficient support to justify its trai…
Effects of maternal age on parenting role
Effects of Stress and Social Support on Mothers and Premature and Full-Term Infants
Keith A. Crnic, Mark T. Greenberg, Arlene S. Ragozin, Nancy M. Robinson, Robert B. Basham, Effects of Stress and Social Support on Mothers and Premature and Full-Term Infants, Child Development, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Feb., 1983), pp. 209-217
Maternal stress and social support: Effects on the mother-infant relationship from birth to eighteen months
Mothers' perceived stress and social support were found to be significant predictors of maternal attitudes and the quality of interaction with their infants, when measured concurrently across an 18-month period. However, long-term predictions were poor, as stability of maternal stress and support factors was only moderate. The quality of infants' interactive behavior was also affected by maternal stress and support, but only during the early meas…
Early stress and social support influences on mothers' and high-risk infants' functioning in late infancy
The relationships among early stress, maternal social network supports, and mother-infant functioning during later infancy were explored in a group of 52 mothers and their high-risk premature infants. Maternal stress and support data were collected 1 month after infants were released from the hospital, and measures of parenting, mother-infant interaction, infant social and developmental competence, and infant attachment were collected at infant c…
The multiple determinants of symbolic development: Evidence from preterm children
The variability among premature infants illuminates the interaction of biological and environmental factors in determining the course of symbolic development and illustrates the multifaceted nature of that development
Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children
Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Daily Hassles of Parenting across Early Childhood
This article reports on a beginning study of minor daily stresses associated with parenting, and how the perception of minor stresses may be mediated by parental social support networks and social cognitive level. Daily hassles of parenting were assessed in three groups of mothers and fathers with children 9-12, 18-24, and 30-36 months old, along with measures of social support, social cognitive level, and parental satisfaction. Results indicated…
Personality and Parenting: Exploring the Mediating Role of Transient Mood and Daily Hassles
In order to explore the role that transient mood and daily hassles might play in mediating the impact of enduring personality on parenting, naturalistic home observations of mothering and fathering were conducted when firstborn sons were 15 and 21 months of age. Observationally based, behavioral ratings of mothering and fathering were related to three self‐report personality scales (Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Extraversion), administered to paren…
Relations between parent–child affect and synchrony and cognitive outcome at 5 years of age
This investigation involved the longitudinal assessment of 30 preterm and 39 full‐term infants from 2 to 5 years of age. Measures of cognitive outcome at 2 and 5 years of age and mother‐child dyadic synchrony and affect during free‐play interaction were obtained at 5 years of age. Correlational and regression analyses indicated that 5‐year cognitive outcome was predicted by 2‐year cognitive status, mother education, and 5‐year dyadic interaction.…
Coparenting during the Child's 2nd Year: A Descriptive Account
New parenthood calls for husbands and wives to work together, coordinate attitudes and beliefs, and to respect, and perhaps negotiate between, one another's unique ideas about raising children. The contribution of such marital processes to parent-child relationships is highlighted by more than 2 decades of research examining the interrelation of marriage, parenting, and child development (Gable, Belsky, & Crnic, 1992). Presently, it is recognized…
An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children
Gontran Lamberty, Renee Jenkins, Harriet Pipes McAdoo, Keith Crnic, Barbara Hanna Wasik, , An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children, Child Development, Vol. 67, No. 5 (Oct., 1996), pp. 1891-1914
Coparenting, parenting, and early emotional development
Children's inhibition at age three is affected not only by their early temperament (at age one) and the quality of the parenting they experienced during their toddler years but also by the extent to which their mothers and fathers supported or undermined each other's parenting
Infant positive and negative emotionality: One dimension or two
To determine whether one or two dimensions of infant (positive and negative) emotionality best characterized infant functioning, parental reports (10 months) and elicited emotion (12-13 months) were examined. The adequacy of I - and 2-latent-construct measurement models were evaluated and the model consisting of separate positive and negative dimensions proved to fit the data better The discriminant validity of the 2-dimension model was evaluated…
The Determinants of Fathering during the Child's Second and Third Years of Life: A Developmental Analysis
To further the understanding of the determinants of fathering, the parenting of 64 fathers of firstborn male toddlers was observed at home at four ages across the second and third years of life (15, 21, 27, and 33 months). Four qualitative measures of fathering were derived from the observational data. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess the association(s) between these fathering behaviors and variables representing three br…
Attachment and bookreading patterns: A study of mothers, fathers, and their toddlers
Infant emotionality, parenting, and 3-year inhibition: Exploring stability and lawful discontinuity in a male sample
In this study, the authors examine temperament (12-13 months) and mothering and fathering (15, 21, 27, 33 months) antecedents of inhibition of children at age 3 years prospectively in a sample of 125 firstborn boys and retrospectively in only the most and least inhibited children. High negativity coupled with low positivity in infancy predicted high inhibition, as did parenting that was supportive (e.g., high sensitivity, low intrusiveness). Pare…
Stability and change in mothers' representations of their relationship with their toddlers
This study examined several issues in the developmental dynamics of parents' representations of their relationship with their toddlers. The authors studied 125 mothers and their firstborn toddler sons over a 13-month period. Mothers took the Parent Development Interview twice, when children were 15 and 28 months of age. Home observations of parent-child interactions and maternal ratings of daily hassles were collected when children were 21 and 27…
Maternal Emotions During Mother-Toddler Interaction: Parenting in Affective Context
Objective. This study explored the emotional experiences of mothers in interacting with their 2-year-old children and examined interrelations among maternal emotion, family distress, and observations of parenting sensitivity. Design. Sixty mothers and their 2-year-old children were observed interacting during both enjoyable (free play) and challenging (waiting) interaction tasks, and mothers provided self-report information about their emotional …
Pre‐school children with and without developmental delay: Behaviour problems and parenting stress over time
Background Children with intellectual disability are at heightened risk for behaviour problems and diagnosed mental disorder. Methods The present authors studied the early manifestation and continuity of problem behaviours in 205 pre‐school children with and without developmental delays. Results Behaviour problems were quite stable over the year from age 36–48 months. Children with developmental delays were rated higher on behaviour problems than…
Did you see that, Mom?’: Social Looking in Three‐Year‐Old Boys
This study examined social looking, defined as child‐initiated looking to a caregiver's face, in a sample of three‐year‐old boys and their mothers: 59.6% of boys looked to their mothers at least once over the course of emotion‐eliciting puppet show vignettes. Social looking occurred more often during puppet show events that were child‐focused and positive in valence. Boys’ social looking was related to their concurrent affective state, with more …
Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5
Despite increasing interest in the effects of parenting stress on children and families, many questions remain regarding the nature of parenting stress and the mechanism through which stress exerts its influence across time. In this study, cumulative parenting stress was assessed across the preschool period in a sample of 125 typically developing children and their mothers. Indices of parenting stress included both major life events stress-assess…
The Relation Between Mothers' Reports of Family-of-Origin Expressiveness and Their Emotion-Related Parenting
Objective. This study examines the importance of mothers' reports of their family histories of emotional expressiveness to the manner in which they socialize emotion in their children and the role of child gender as a moderator of that relation. Design. One-hundred and thirty-five mothers and their 3-year-olds participated. Mothers completed the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire to assess accounts of family-of-origin expressiveness. Current emo…
Maternal Depression and Parenting: Implications for Children's Emergent Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Functioning
Objective. We investigated the role of mothers' elevated depressive symptoms on scaffolding and availability to assist preschool children's regulatory development. Design. A sample of 208 3-year-olds and their mothers was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study and followed to child age 4. Maternal scaffolding behaviors and children's emotion regulation competencies were assessed using behavioral coding schemes applied to observations of structu…
Emotion Socialization by Mothers and Fathers: Coherence among Behaviors and Associations with Parent Attitudes and Children's Social Competence
This study examined interrelations among different types of parental emotion socialization behaviors in 88 mothers and 76 fathers (co-residing with participating mothers) of 8-year-old children. Parents completed questionnaires assessing emotion socialization behaviors, emotion-related attitudes, and their children's social functioning. An observed parent-child emotion discourse task and a child social-problem solving interview were also performe…
Developmental psychology (38 works) · Psychology (38 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (30 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Clinical Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (12 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (12 works) · Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum (11 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works)