Michel Oris
Biographic Data
| ID | 170144 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michel Oris |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michel |
| FAMILY NAME | Oris |
| SIGNATURE | ORIS M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Geneva |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6435-9448 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 66 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 118 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 65 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Individual-Level Data on Causes of Death in Madrid From 1905 to 1927
In this article, we present the Madrid database on causes of death, which currently covers the entire city for the period 1905–1927 and includes 366,542 individual notices. Such a resource is unique in the Mediterranean context. The genesis of our data lies in a political and intellectual context dominated by a complex mixture of fears, class contempt, and sincere concern for the most vulnerable, especially children, which explain the development…
An approach to historical demography and family history through a life course
This article offers an overview of the history of historical demography and family history, from their golden age in the mid-20th century to the present day. We favor micro-level approaches applied to individual data. The first part revisits the resounding success of family reconstruction and household typology, and highlights the crisis of the 1980s. The main response was the emergence of the life course approach, which played a decisive role in…
El campo de atracción de migrantes de Madrid en 1905: Una contribución metodológica a la comprensión de la migración interior española
This article examines the advantages and limitations of an old method that is enjoying a new lease of life: migratory field analysis, which differs from the classic study of the migrant recruitment area by taking into account the population at the origin of migration and examining the relationships between migratory intensity and place of destination. This approach is applied to two Madrid districts in 1905. In conclusion, we advocate dialogue ra…
Maternal mortality, tuberculosis and social deprivation in Madrid during the second and third decades of the 20th century
In this paper we jointly study maternal mortality and tuberculosis during the second and third decades of the 20th century in Madrid. Nicknamed the "city of death", the Spanish capital was marked by a high mortality where tuberculosis accounted for approximately 26/28 % of all deaths of women of reproductive age. Using a large longitudinal individual-level database including causes of death, we discuss the definitions of maternal mortality, then …
Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium
Les trajectoires d’établissement dans les campagnes de la Belgique orientale au XIX e siècle: Une illustration de l’analyse des séquences
Contrairement à l’analyse des biographies, basée sur une démarche hypothético-déductive, l’analyse des séquences a une ambition holistique et permet une « fouille des données » avec peu d’ a priori . Encore peu utilisée en démographie historique, elle est particulièrement appropriée pour révéler les structures d’une étape de vie composée de plusieurs événements, telle que l’est la transition vers l’âge adulte. Cette méthode a bien sûr aussi des l…
Effects of life-place trajectories based on municipality of residence on old-age mortality: Evidence from sequence analysis in 20th century Netherlands
Research has shown that the place of residence may affect health and wellbeing but there has been little attention on whether long life-place trajectories based on municipality of residence are associated with old-age mortality. By applying a "life course of place" approach to health in later life, our aims are to examine (a) what patterns in individuals’ life-place trajectories during the first fifty years of life were identified in terms of pro…
Did the 1917–21 economic depression accelerate the epidemiological transition? Milk prices, summer peak of mortality, and food-and-water causes of death in Madrid, Spain
This article aims to answer a provocative question: would higher prices, particularly that of milk, be beneficial for the survival of children under 2 years old? Using a database of more than 230,000 births, matched to deaths, we test this hypothesis in the context of a large Mediterranean city, Madrid, in the years 1915–1926. During this period an inflationary crisis spread from 1917 to 1921. We compare child survival, the impact of milk price f…
Friendship in Later Life: Thirty Years of Progress and Inequalities
Studies examining the impact of social change on individual development and aging postulate the growing importance of flexible relationships, such as friendship. Although friendship is well known as a factor of well-being in later life, the prevalence of friendship in older adult networks and its unequal distribution has been examined only in few studies. Through secondary data analysis of two cross-sectional surveys carried out in Switzerland in…
Geneva. An Urban Sociodemographic Database
The Geneva databases are a data resource covering the period 1800–1880 for the city of Geneva, and occasionally the canton of Geneva. The research team adopted an alphabetical sampling approach, collecting data on individuals whose surname begins with the letter B. The individuals and households belonging to this sample in six population censuses between 1816 and 1843 were digitised and linked. A second database collected marriage and divorce rec…
Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926
In this paper, we study differential infant and child mortality according to the origin of the mothers, natives of Madrid or immigrants, between 1916 and 1926. From 1880 to 1939, Madrid experienced spectacular demographic growth, with a massive influx of immigrants, mainly from the Castilian Plateau. Using the city’s records of births and deaths, which we linked for the study period, we demonstrate an important spatial heterogeneity in infant and…
Social participation and life satisfaction among older adults: Diversity of practices and social inequality in Switzerland
This paper examines the associations between social participation and individual life satisfaction among older adults. It specifically considers the diversity of the practices and social inequalities among this population. For analyses, we used a large survey of individuals of 65 years and older conducted in 2011 in Switzerland (N = 2,727). The first set of linear regression analyses examines Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and its associat…
Financial support by older adults to family members: A configurational perspective
Most research on financial inter vivos transfers from older parents to their family members is focused on the giver–receiver dyad, usually between an older parent and an adult child. This study aimed to investigate older adults' financial support beyond this level of intergenerational dyads using an egocentric network perspective (i.e., the configurational approach). Data were from a sample of 2,991 older adults (aged 65 and older) from the Vivre…
Migration Experiences, Environmental Exposures and Old Age Mortality in the Dutch Birth Cohorts 1850-1890
Cet article porte sur les risques de mortalité à plus de 50 ans. Le contexte est celui des Pays-Bas durant la modernisation du pays et sa transition épidémiologique. En mobilisant la littérature sur le paradoxe de la mortalité des migrants et les situations de pénalité urbaine, ainsi que les théories sur l’effet des conditions de vie dans l’enfance et l’accumulation des désavantages, une approche de l’exposition individuelle à la diversité des en…
How Welfare Regimes Moderate the Associations Between Cognitive Aging, Education, and Occupation
Our findings indicate that the associations of cognitive functioning and its decline with individuals' cognitive reserve markers (education and occupational skill level) vary according to welfare regimes, showing the importance of contextual factors in cognitive aging processes
Internal migrant trajectories within The Netherlands, 1850–1972: Applying cluster analysis and dissimilarity tree methods
Based on the life course perspective, this work adopts a sequence analysis approach to examine internal migrant trajectories and their interdependencies with life course factors. The analyses are based on longitudinal data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands. The internal migrant trajectories of Dutch cohorts born between 1850 and 1922 are followed from birth until age fifty. Two sequence analysis methods are applied: (1) main migration…
Coping with ageing: An historical longitudinal study of internal return migrations later in life in the Netherlands
A return migration later in life can be seen as a coping strategy to deal with care needs and other difficulties. Understanding these return migrations requires a comprehensive approach that takes previous migrant trajectories into account
Lower executive functioning predicts steeper subsequent decline in well-being only in young-old but not old-old age
Objectives: From a longitudinal perspective, the direction of the relationship between cognitive functioning and well-being in old age, both conceptually and empirically, is still under debate. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle the different longitudinal relationship patterns proposed and whether those differed between young-old and old-old adults. Methods: We used latent change score modeling based on longitudinal data from 1,040 older adults (…
Annoncer la mort des aînés: Une analyse textuelle des avis de décès en Suisse
Cet article explore les représentations de la mort des personnes âgées à partir des avis de décès de 3 160 personnes de 65 ans et plus publiés dans deux quotidiens de Suisse romande, l’un ancré dans un milieu urbain et plutôt calviniste (Genève) et l’autre dans un contexte plus rural et plutôt catholique (Valais). Les avis ne se contentent plus d’annoncer le décès, mais se sont enrichis depuis 1950. En parlant de la mort et du défunt, ils nous ré…
Divorcer à Genève au XIX e siècle: Analyse sociodémographique d’une rupture contractuelle
Une étude du divorce à Genève apporte des éléments originaux dans la mesure où les traditions protestantes ont eu en leur cœur même la définition d’un ordre familial strict, dans lequel, cependant, le divorce pouvait être reconnu comme la moins mauvaise solution. C’est avec cet héritage que la « Rome calviniste » est entrée dans un xix e siècle qui a vu se succéder des législations destinées à réguler les divorces. Ces lois et leur application on…
Spatial differentials in mortality in Switzerland: How do contexts explain the differences between natives and migrants
In Western societies, migrants are known to have lower mortality risks than native born, although they are characterised by a lower socioeconomic status. Academic research has found some explanations, but the causes of the migrant mortality paradox are still partially unknown. Individual factors are generally seen as the fundamental causes of death, but recent research has shown that social, economic and cultural environments also produce inequal…
Modern Day Slavery and Orphanage Tourism
This paper is about volunteer tourism in orphanages, more specifically in Nepal. While well-known for its mountainous landscapes, this country is one of the most popular destinations for this activity where business and humanitarianism contract a paradoxical union that is illustrative of the neo-liberal time. The commoditization of orphanages has increasingly raised serious ethical concerns, especially about the use of children as a tourist attra…
Dominique Dirlewanger, Les Couleurs De La Vieillesse. Histoire Culturelle Des Représentations De La Vieillesse en Suisse Et en France , Neuchâtel, Éditions Alphil-Presses Universitaires Suisses, 2018,…
Life-Course Circumstances and Frailty in Old Age Within Different European Welfare Regimes: A Longitudinal Study With SHARE
These findings suggest that childhood misfortune is linked to frailty in old age. Such a disadvantaged start in life does not seem to be compensated by a person's life-course socioeconomic trajectory, though certain types of welfare regimes affected this relationship. Apart from main occupational position, our findings do not support the cumulative dis/advantage theory, but rather show narrowing differences
Inégalités spatiales de mortalité en Suisse: L’influence des contextes sur les différentiels entre natifs et migrants
Dans les sociétés postindustrielles contemporaines, les migrants ont généralement des risques de mortalité plus faibles que les natifs malgré des positions sociales tendanciellement plus basses. La recherche académique peine toujours à expliquer pleinement les origines de ce paradoxe. Bien que les facteurs individuels soient les causes fondamentales des inégalités face à la mort, l’influence de l’environnement social, économique et culturel est a…
Socioeconomic status and fertility before, during, and after the demographic transition: An introduction
Despite a long interest in the historical fertility transition, there is still a lack of knowledge about disaggregated patterns that could help us understand the mechanisms behind the transition. In previous research the widely held view is that there was
The Rise of Age Homogamy in 19th Century Western Europe
In many parts of Western Europe the age at first marriage and the level of celibacy declined in the second half of the 19th century. This weakening of the European marriage pattern (EMP) can be interpreted as a “classic” response to the increase of the standard of living, but a more far‐reaching interpretation is that the erosion of the EMP was part of a cultural shift characterized by the rise of a new, less instrumental and more egalitarian vie…
The age at marriage of migrants during the industrial revolution in the region of liège
The articl7e examines the cities and towns in the Liège region during industrialization in the ninteenth century, focusing on the relationship between marriage, migration, and entry of people into urban areas. The average age at marriage was higher for in-migrants than for natives, but so was the intensity of nuptiality. Thus, the average age at marriage is not the sole statistic through which to approach questions about the socio-demographic con…
Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: Migrants and natives in 19th‐century cities
Migrants often have lower mortality than natives in spite of relatively unfavorable social and economic characteristics. Although migrants have a short-run advantage due to the selective migration of healthy workers, persistent health and mortality differences between migrants and natives may be long-run effects of different experiences in childhood. We made use of a natural experiment resulting from rural-to-urban migration in the mid-19th centu…
The history of migration as a chapter in the history of the European rural family: An overview
For a long time, migration has been neglected both in population and family history. This article briefly explains this absence and shows how, for the past 20–25 years, the concepts of migration and family systems have been elaborated and partly linked. At present, most researchers probably agree that highly diverse configurations existed, such diversity being a consequence of the many factors acting and interacting to determine migration as a pa…
Long-term changes in social mortality differentials, Geneva, 1625–2004
Migration, Occupational Identity, and Societal Openness in Nineteenth-Century Belgium
This article examines social heterogamy as an indicator of “societal openness”, by which is meant the extent to which social origin, as defined by the social position of one's parents, is used as the main criterion for selection of a marriage partner. We focus on two topics. The role first of migration and then of occupational identity in this selection of a partner according to social origin. And in order to evaluate the true social and economic…
Effects of Inheritance and Environment on the Heights of Brothers in Nineteenth-Century Belgium
Life-Course Circumstances and Frailty in Old Age Within Different European Welfare Regimes: A Longitudinal Study With SHARE
These findings suggest that childhood misfortune is linked to frailty in old age. Such a disadvantaged start in life does not seem to be compensated by a person's life-course socioeconomic trajectory, though certain types of welfare regimes affected this relationship. Apart from main occupational position, our findings do not support the cumulative dis/advantage theory, but rather show narrowing differences
Périurbanisation et transformation du gradient de la mortalité urbaine en Suisse
Alors que les différences régionales d'espérance de vie se sont estompées en Suisse, quels sont les effets de la périurbanisation sur la géographie de la mortalité ? À partir des données de l'état civil et des recensements, on observe un accroissement des différentiels intra-urbains de mortalité depuis 1980, en particulier dans les villes les plus grandes ou qui se sont récemment étendues. Un gradient non linéaire émerge : l'espérance de vie est …
Fertility and migration in the heart of the industrial revolution
Using research into the formation of industrial populations in the nineteenth century, this article examines the relationships between immigration and natality in Tilleur, an exemplary locality for studying the industrial revolution in Belgium. The main purpose is to test the general hypothesis positing a distinction between a foundation phase and a maturation phase in the process through which an industrial population is formed. The results are …
Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926
In this paper, we study differential infant and child mortality according to the origin of the mothers, natives of Madrid or immigrants, between 1916 and 1926. From 1880 to 1939, Madrid experienced spectacular demographic growth, with a massive influx of immigrants, mainly from the Castilian Plateau. Using the city’s records of births and deaths, which we linked for the study period, we demonstrate an important spatial heterogeneity in infant and…
Internal migrant trajectories within The Netherlands, 1850–1972: Applying cluster analysis and dissimilarity tree methods
Based on the life course perspective, this work adopts a sequence analysis approach to examine internal migrant trajectories and their interdependencies with life course factors. The analyses are based on longitudinal data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands. The internal migrant trajectories of Dutch cohorts born between 1850 and 1922 are followed from birth until age fifty. Two sequence analysis methods are applied: (1) main migration…
Religious Affiliation and Mortality in Switzerland, 1991-2004
As in other European countries, the religious landscape of Switzerland has diversified over the last forty years, with a movement away from the traditional institutions and a rapid expansion of minority religions. Taking advantage of the Swiss statistical system, which records residents? religion in the census and in vital records, the mortality differentials over the period 1991-2004 are analysed according to self-reported religious affiliation.…
Contributions migratoires, structures démographiques et mouvements naturels dans les centres urbains traditionnels. L'expérience d'une ville wallonne, Huy, entre 1820 et 1910
Migratieoverschot, demografische struktuur en natuurlijk verloop in een traditioneel stedelijk centrum. De ervaring van een Waalse stad, Hoei, tussen 1820 en 1910. Omvat het typisch ontwikkelingsmodel van kleine oude stadjes als Hoei een aparté demografie ? Dit artikel wil op de vraag een antwoord geven. De struktuur, bepaald door ekonomie en bevolking, is er niet zomaar. De oorspong ervan wordt bestudeerd aan de hand van de essentiële migratiebi…
Balancing economic stress: The role of rural–urban migration in nineteenth-century East Belgium
Did the 1917–21 economic depression accelerate the epidemiological transition? Milk prices, summer peak of mortality, and food-and-water causes of death in Madrid, Spain
This article aims to answer a provocative question: would higher prices, particularly that of milk, be beneficial for the survival of children under 2 years old? Using a database of more than 230,000 births, matched to deaths, we test this hypothesis in the context of a large Mediterranean city, Madrid, in the years 1915–1926. During this period an inflationary crisis spread from 1917 to 1921. We compare child survival, the impact of milk price f…
Social participation and life satisfaction among older adults: Diversity of practices and social inequality in Switzerland
This paper examines the associations between social participation and individual life satisfaction among older adults. It specifically considers the diversity of the practices and social inequalities among this population. For analyses, we used a large survey of individuals of 65 years and older conducted in 2011 in Switzerland (N = 2,727). The first set of linear regression analyses examines Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and its associat…
How Welfare Regimes Moderate the Associations Between Cognitive Aging, Education, and Occupation
Our findings indicate that the associations of cognitive functioning and its decline with individuals' cognitive reserve markers (education and occupational skill level) vary according to welfare regimes, showing the importance of contextual factors in cognitive aging processes
Coping with ageing: An historical longitudinal study of internal return migrations later in life in the Netherlands
A return migration later in life can be seen as a coping strategy to deal with care needs and other difficulties. Understanding these return migrations requires a comprehensive approach that takes previous migrant trajectories into account
Motivation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Performance
Complementary with neurobiological and cognitive processes, our results suggest a more comprehensive view of the role of motivational aspects built up across the life span in determining differences in cognitive performance in old age
Affiliation religieuse et mortalité en Suisse entre 1991 et 2004
Comme d'autres pays européens, la Suisse a connu une diversification de son paysage religieux durant les quarante dernières années, avec un mouvement de retrait à l'égard des institutions traditionnelles et l'essor de religions jadis minoritaires. Tirant avantage du système statistique helvétique qui enregistre la religion de ses résidents lors du recensement et dans l'état civil, les différentiels de mortalité durant la période 1991-2004 sont an…
The complexity of migration in the European countryside: Introduction
L'impact d'une dépression économique sur le champ migratoire d'une grande ville industrielle. L'expérience de Seraing entre 1857 et 1900
Cet article propose une illustration de la méthode d'analyse des champs migratoires dans un cas exemplaire, celui de la ville industrielle de Seraing. Nous considérons les apports migratoires massifs dont a bénéficié cette localité en fonction de l'importance de la population des lieux d'origine, ceci afin d'étudier l'intensité relative du rayonnement du pôle sérésien, et la géographie de son influence. A côté d'une migration de turbulence intern…
Fécondité légitime et illégitime: Les indigents de Huy (Belgique) de 1815 à 1875
L'analyse des taux de fécondité révèle la précocité de la ville de Huy dans le processus de déclin de la fécondité. Dans ce cadre, les indigents pratiquent le contrôle des naissances dès le milieu du XIXe siècle. La transition se définit pour eux comme une rupture par rapport à un modèle familial ancien, bien partagé par le groupe. Les pratiques d'arrêt s'imposent comme une innovation, mais dont la diffusion parmi les familles indigentes n'est pa…
Les électeurs du Conseil de l'Industrie et du Travail de Liège en 1905: Composition et origine d'un «prolétariat» urbain
composition et origine d'un «prolétariat» urbain Michel Oris Max Weber a caractérisé, il y a bien longtemps déjà, le processus de «modernisation», si familier aux historiens anglo-saxons, par deux de ses apparences les plus flagrantes : le recours continuel à la comptabilité et, surtout, la «prolétarisation» (!).Ce terme décrit le passage d'un statut de paysan ou d'artisan à celui de salarié.La différence réside à la fois dans le mode de rémunéra…
Nouvelles mobilités et économies urbaines au XIXe siècle: L'expérience de Huy-sur-Meuse (Belgique) entre 1847 et 1900
Cet article est une étude monographique de 58 394 migrants observés dans une petite place centrale belge entre 1846 et 1900, grâce à cette source exceptionnelle que sont les registres de population. L'analyse accorde une grande importance aux méthodes de description des populations mobiles, notamment par le recours à un "système d'information géographique". Seule une partie des résultats est présentée ici, autour du thème de la transition de la m…
La population des grands hôpitaux universitaires belges du début du XIXe à la fin du XXe siècle
Cet article est la synthèse de recherches menées sur les hôpitaux universitaires de Gand, Liège et Louvain en Belgique. Il propose, dans une première partie, un résumé des analyses et des principaux résultats. Les questions d'interprétation sont ensuite abordées sous trois angles : les sources, qu'il s'agisse des registres hospitaliers ou des dossiers médicaux, leurs qualités et leurs limites ; la structure des institutions et ses répercussions s…
Contributions migratoires, structures démographiques et mouvements naturels dans les centres urbains traditionnels. L'expérience d'une ville wallonne, Huy, entre 1820 et 1910
Migratieoverschot, demografische struktuur en natuurlijk verloop in een traditioneel stedelijk centrum. De ervaring van een Waalse stad, Hoei, tussen 1820 en 1910. Omvat het typisch ontwikkelingsmodel van kleine oude stadjes als Hoei een aparté demografie ? Dit artikel wil op de vraag een antwoord geven. De struktuur, bepaald door ekonomie en bevolking, is er niet zomaar. De oorspong ervan wordt bestudeerd aan de hand van de essentiële migratiebi…
Les statistiques des dispensaires antituberculeux et des hôpitaux au service de l'histoire sociale et de l'épidémiologie de la «peste blanche », fin XIXe-début XXe siècle
During the late XIXth and the beginning of the XXth centuries, the struggle against tuberculosis is a strong reason to redefme health as social gaming, and not as individual gaming anymore. Here the number of actors increases on the market of medical cares, involving some tensions. This paper compares (by the mean of death causes statistics) people affected and treated in a local hospital, and those treated in the antitubercular health centres fr…
Hygiène publique et médicalisation dans une cité industrielle. Seraing au XIXe et au début du XXe siècle
L'hygiène publique est un thème commun dans l'historiographie de l'époque contemporaine.Nombre de monographies pointues en ont couvert les multiples facettes.Tout naturellement, c'est le milieu urbain qui a retenu l'attention.C'est dans les grandes villes que les problèmes ont été les plus apparents, les réalisations sanitaires les plus impressionnantes, et c'est là aussi qu'il est le plus aisé de trouver des archives ou des imprimés en quantité …
Fertility and migration in the heart of the industrial revolution
Using research into the formation of industrial populations in the nineteenth century, this article examines the relationships between immigration and natality in Tilleur, an exemplary locality for studying the industrial revolution in Belgium. The main purpose is to test the general hypothesis positing a distinction between a foundation phase and a maturation phase in the process through which an industrial population is formed. The results are …
L'impact d'une dépression économique sur le champ migratoire d'une grande ville industrielle. L'expérience de Seraing entre 1857 et 1900
Cet article propose une illustration de la méthode d'analyse des champs migratoires dans un cas exemplaire, celui de la ville industrielle de Seraing. Nous considérons les apports migratoires massifs dont a bénéficié cette localité en fonction de l'importance de la population des lieux d'origine, ceci afin d'étudier l'intensité relative du rayonnement du pôle sérésien, et la géographie de son influence. A côté d'une migration de turbulence intern…
Mortalité et migration dans les villes industrielles au XIXe siècle: Exemples belges et français
La collaboration entre l'équipe belge et l'équipe française permet ici de comparer des exemples de villes industrielles et de villes traditionnelles. On constate le net retard de la transition épidémiologique et sanitaire des premières par rapport aux secondes (et par rapport à la situation moyenne de chaque pays). Le retard est en particulier caractérisé par le maintien, voire l'aggravation, d'une très forte mortalité enfantine jusqu'au dixième …
The age at marriage of migrants during the industrial revolution in the region of liège
The articl7e examines the cities and towns in the Liège region during industrialization in the ninteenth century, focusing on the relationship between marriage, migration, and entry of people into urban areas. The average age at marriage was higher for in-migrants than for natives, but so was the intensity of nuptiality. Thus, the average age at marriage is not the sole statistic through which to approach questions about the socio-demographic con…
The Family and Mortality: A Case Study from Rural Belgium
Les différences de mortalité entre les familles fournissent un indice de l'importance des comportements inobservés conditionnant à la santé. Par exemple, si la plus faible mortalité était due à des attitudes personnelles apprises au cours de l'enfance, elle devrait se manifester jusqu'aux âges élevés. Dans cet article sont utilisées des données provenant d'une commune belge, au xix e siècle, afin de préciser les différences de mortalité entre les…
Contrôle religieux, contrôle social: La fécondité dans l'est de la Belgique dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
Cet article vise à contraster la fécondité d’une zone rurale catholique (le Pays de Herve) avec celle d’une zone ouvrière, laïcisée et socialisante (Tilleur), en s’attachant à la fois à la situation pré-transitionnelle et aux débuts de la transition. L’opposition entre ces sociétés, toutes deux situées dans l’est de la Belgique, est approchée de trois manières. D’abord, à travers leurs histoires économique et sociale respectives. Ensuite, par l’é…
The history of migration as a chapter in the history of the European rural family: An overview
For a long time, migration has been neglected both in population and family history. This article briefly explains this absence and shows how, for the past 20–25 years, the concepts of migration and family systems have been elaborated and partly linked. At present, most researchers probably agree that highly diverse configurations existed, such diversity being a consequence of the many factors acting and interacting to determine migration as a pa…
The complexity of migration in the European countryside: Introduction
Height, wealth and longevity in xixth century East Belgium
Les épidémiologistes et les démographes ont pendant longtemps suspecté les conditions de vie et de maladie au cours de l'enfance d'influencer la mortalité ultérieure, mais il a été difficile de faire la part entre les effets de ces conditions et les autres facteurs s'exerçant sur la santé. Les enfants élevés dans les familles pauvres connaissent plus fréquemment que les autres une situation économique très difficile au cours de leur âge adulte ma…
Stature in Transition: A Micro-Level Study from Nineteenth-Century Belgium
Eastern Belgium provides a range of examples of early industrialization. In the nineteenth century, well-established proto-industrial textile and iron production was replaced by mechanization in rapidly growing cities. In this article we examine the consequences of this transition on heights of young men in seven communities with contrasting histories. Men in this area were unusually short in the early nineteenth century, but the trend was strong…
The social and cultural demography of minorities
The articles in this special issue are based on earlier versions published in Guy Brunet, Michel Oris, \nand Alain Bideau, eds. Les minorités/Minorities: Une démographie culturelle et politique, XVIIIe \n–XXe \nsiècles/A Cultural and Political Demography, 18th–20th Centuries (Bern: Peter Lang, 2004), as Volume \n2 in the series Population, Family, and Society, edited by Michel Oris
Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: Migrants and natives in 19th‐century cities
Migrants often have lower mortality than natives in spite of relatively unfavorable social and economic characteristics. Although migrants have a short-run advantage due to the selective migration of healthy workers, persistent health and mortality differences between migrants and natives may be long-run effects of different experiences in childhood. We made use of a natural experiment resulting from rural-to-urban migration in the mid-19th centu…
Migration, Occupational Identity, and Societal Openness in Nineteenth-Century Belgium
This article examines social heterogamy as an indicator of “societal openness”, by which is meant the extent to which social origin, as defined by the social position of one's parents, is used as the main criterion for selection of a marriage partner. We focus on two topics. The role first of migration and then of occupational identity in this selection of a partner according to social origin. And in order to evaluate the true social and economic…
Les solitudes urbaines. Structures et parcours dans la Genève des années 1816-1843
Ce papier revisite le thème des solitudes dans les structures et le fonctionnement social des villes préindustrielles à partir d’une étude de cas, celui de Genève entre 1816 et 1843. En empruntant à des traditions de recherche issues de la démographie historique, de l’histoire de la famille, de l’histoire sociale et histoire des femmes, une typologie des formes de solitude est proposée. Appliquée aux recensements genevois dans une perspective tra…
Societal openness during the urban crisis. Partner selection in the 19th-century Belgian textile cities Ghent and Verviers
This paper examines the partner selection of the lower classes during an urban crisis period in early industrial Belgian cities. It was found that in this period characterized by an economic transition, overpopulation, migration and a low standard of living, social heterogamy was high, whereas social homogamy increased, or was 'restored', in the subsequent period. The urban crisis effect on partner selection contradicts the claims of modernizatio…
Effects of Inheritance and Environment on the Heights of Brothers in Nineteenth-Century Belgium
Reproduction différentielle et dynamiques sociales
Effets de fratrie et mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle dans la Belgique urbaine et rurale au xixe siècle
Creusee par les scientifiques depuis plus d'un siecle, la question des relations entre fecondite et mobilite sociale est compliquee. Elle concerne des individus et des familles dans des cadres macro structurels qui ont ete bouleverses par la transition demographique et la modernisation economique. Les analyses presentees dans cet article se situent au coeur de ces mutations, dans le contexte d'un des berceaux de la revolution industrielle sur le …
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