Carol A Ireland
Biographic Data
| ID | 170720 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol A Ireland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol A |
| FAMILY NAME | Ireland |
| SIGNATURE | IRELAND C A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lancashire |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7310-2903 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 11 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Advancing the assessment of child sexual exploitation
Purpose This paper aims to explore the quality of assessments available where a child is felt to be vulnerable to child sexual exploitation (CSE). In particular it considers the preliminary reliability and validity of the Child Adolescent Sexual Exploitation Evaluation (CASEE, Ireland et al., 2025), which aims to consider vulnerability and protective factors in a child felt to be exposed to CSE concerns. Design/methodology/approach It comprises o…
Animal Abuse Proclivity Among Women
Two studies examining adult women are presented. The first (n = 162) examines the relationship between proclivity (i.e. interest in, predisposition) to abuse animals and the link to aggression motivation, with psychopathy traits, sadism and general maladaptive personality explored. The second study (n = 159) extended to focus on callous-unemotional traits. We predicted that proclivity to abuse would be associated with increased proactive aggressi…
Psychopathy and trauma
The Handbook of Collective Violence
This chapter considers prison gangs by outlining definitional challenges that concern this social phenomenon before examining the importance of accounting for the specifics of prison environments. As a consequence, the chapter presents a social eco-system approach to understanding prison gangs, and in doing so, accounts for theories of importation, strain and deprivation, incorporating these into a proposed Gang Social-Ecosystem Model (G-SEM). Ad…
The Routledge International Handbook of Human Aggression
This chapter examines mainly same-sex aggression in adolescent peer groups and in sexual competition between adult women. Reviews from the 1980s were more cautious, and while they agreed that males were physically more aggressive than females, they saw sex differences in aggression to be a question of quality rather than quantity. The chapter suggests that research to date had an overemphasis on physical aggression, while other forms, most notabl…
Attitudes towards prisoner-to-prisoner bullying and the association with prison environments
Purpose: The research aims to examine attitudes towards prisoner-to-prisoner bullying, further considering the association between attitudes and characteristics of the prison environment thought to promote prisoner bullying. Methodology: Questionnaires were administered to 423 adult male prisoners and 195 correctional officers from three prisons in Canada. Participants completed the Prison Bullying Scale (PBS) and the Prison Environmental Scale (…
Attitudes towards victims and perpetrators of hypothetical rape scenarios involving intoxication
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of binge drinking behaviour and ambivalent sexism on attitudes towards hypothetical victims and perpetrators of acquaintance rape. Design/methodology/approach The research sample comprised 189 students. All were provided with a fictional rape scenario, depicting varying levels of perpetrator intoxication or varying extents to which an intoxicated victim was able to recall providing con…
The Interpersonal Style and Complementarity Between Crisis Negotiators and Forensic Inpatients
The Violence Intervention and Prevention Team (VIP)
The Violence Intervention and Prevention Team (VIP)
Through the preliminary data collection process, we learned three key lessons. (1) Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) new to community-based research may need to build capacity to evaluate the human subjects implications of this type of research. (2) The identification of control or comparison groups for school-based youth violence programs may be challenging and costly. (3) Methods for reducing loss-to-follow-up with high-risk youth are needed
The Behavioral Influence Stairway Model (Bism)
This paper aims to discuss the application of crisis negotiation to individuals with a number of challenging traits, characteristics and behaviors, extending its application to terrorism. Such crisis situations include roof‐top protests and barricades, and any context that may include the need to re‐direct individuals in crisis, including terrorist activities such as hostage‐taking. This paper will review the history of crisis negotiation and con…
Intra‐group aggression among prisoners
A new multiple indicator method of assessing bullying behaviour is employed (Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist – Scaled version [DIPC‐SCALED]) with 605 adult prisoners (487 men and 118 women). The study explores if the DIPC‐SCALED is a reliable method comprising of identifiable aggression factors; if prisoners can be classified into groups based on behavioural frequency; and if there is evidence for mutual victim/perpetrator groups…
Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum-security prison
This aim of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of direct and indirect bullying in a maximum-security prison and to assess prisoners' attitudes toward victims of bullying. A total of 194 adult male prisoners completed the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behavior Checklist (DIPC) [Ireland (1998): University of Central Lancashire; Ireland (1999a): Aggressive Behavior] and a modified version of the Rigby and Slee [1991: J Social Psychol…
Intra‐group aggression among prisoners
A new multiple indicator method of assessing bullying behaviour is employed (Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist – Scaled version [DIPC‐SCALED]) with 605 adult prisoners (487 men and 118 women). The study explores if the DIPC‐SCALED is a reliable method comprising of identifiable aggression factors; if prisoners can be classified into groups based on behavioural frequency; and if there is evidence for mutual victim/perpetrator groups…
Animal Abuse Proclivity Among Women
Two studies examining adult women are presented. The first (n = 162) examines the relationship between proclivity (i.e. interest in, predisposition) to abuse animals and the link to aggression motivation, with psychopathy traits, sadism and general maladaptive personality explored. The second study (n = 159) extended to focus on callous-unemotional traits. We predicted that proclivity to abuse would be associated with increased proactive aggressi…
Attitudes towards victims and perpetrators of hypothetical rape scenarios involving intoxication
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of binge drinking behaviour and ambivalent sexism on attitudes towards hypothetical victims and perpetrators of acquaintance rape. Design/methodology/approach The research sample comprised 189 students. All were provided with a fictional rape scenario, depicting varying levels of perpetrator intoxication or varying extents to which an intoxicated victim was able to recall providing con…
The Interpersonal Style and Complementarity Between Crisis Negotiators and Forensic Inpatients
Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum-security prison
This aim of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of direct and indirect bullying in a maximum-security prison and to assess prisoners' attitudes toward victims of bullying. A total of 194 adult male prisoners completed the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behavior Checklist (DIPC) [Ireland (1998): University of Central Lancashire; Ireland (1999a): Aggressive Behavior] and a modified version of the Rigby and Slee [1991: J Social Psychol…
Intra‐group aggression among prisoners
A new multiple indicator method of assessing bullying behaviour is employed (Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist – Scaled version [DIPC‐SCALED]) with 605 adult prisoners (487 men and 118 women). The study explores if the DIPC‐SCALED is a reliable method comprising of identifiable aggression factors; if prisoners can be classified into groups based on behavioural frequency; and if there is evidence for mutual victim/perpetrator groups…
The Behavioral Influence Stairway Model (Bism)
This paper aims to discuss the application of crisis negotiation to individuals with a number of challenging traits, characteristics and behaviors, extending its application to terrorism. Such crisis situations include roof‐top protests and barricades, and any context that may include the need to re‐direct individuals in crisis, including terrorist activities such as hostage‐taking. This paper will review the history of crisis negotiation and con…
The Violence Intervention and Prevention Team (VIP)
The Violence Intervention and Prevention Team (VIP)
Through the preliminary data collection process, we learned three key lessons. (1) Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) new to community-based research may need to build capacity to evaluate the human subjects implications of this type of research. (2) The identification of control or comparison groups for school-based youth violence programs may be challenging and costly. (3) Methods for reducing loss-to-follow-up with high-risk youth are needed
The Interpersonal Style and Complementarity Between Crisis Negotiators and Forensic Inpatients
Attitudes towards victims and perpetrators of hypothetical rape scenarios involving intoxication
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of binge drinking behaviour and ambivalent sexism on attitudes towards hypothetical victims and perpetrators of acquaintance rape. Design/methodology/approach The research sample comprised 189 students. All were provided with a fictional rape scenario, depicting varying levels of perpetrator intoxication or varying extents to which an intoxicated victim was able to recall providing con…
Attitudes towards prisoner-to-prisoner bullying and the association with prison environments
Purpose: The research aims to examine attitudes towards prisoner-to-prisoner bullying, further considering the association between attitudes and characteristics of the prison environment thought to promote prisoner bullying. Methodology: Questionnaires were administered to 423 adult male prisoners and 195 correctional officers from three prisons in Canada. Participants completed the Prison Bullying Scale (PBS) and the Prison Environmental Scale (…
The Routledge International Handbook of Human Aggression
This chapter examines mainly same-sex aggression in adolescent peer groups and in sexual competition between adult women. Reviews from the 1980s were more cautious, and while they agreed that males were physically more aggressive than females, they saw sex differences in aggression to be a question of quality rather than quantity. The chapter suggests that research to date had an overemphasis on physical aggression, while other forms, most notabl…
Psychopathy and trauma
The Handbook of Collective Violence
This chapter considers prison gangs by outlining definitional challenges that concern this social phenomenon before examining the importance of accounting for the specifics of prison environments. As a consequence, the chapter presents a social eco-system approach to understanding prison gangs, and in doing so, accounts for theories of importation, strain and deprivation, incorporating these into a proposed Gang Social-Ecosystem Model (G-SEM). Ad…
Animal Abuse Proclivity Among Women
Two studies examining adult women are presented. The first (n = 162) examines the relationship between proclivity (i.e. interest in, predisposition) to abuse animals and the link to aggression motivation, with psychopathy traits, sadism and general maladaptive personality explored. The second study (n = 159) extended to focus on callous-unemotional traits. We predicted that proclivity to abuse would be associated with increased proactive aggressi…
Advancing the assessment of child sexual exploitation
Purpose This paper aims to explore the quality of assessments available where a child is felt to be vulnerable to child sexual exploitation (CSE). In particular it considers the preliminary reliability and validity of the Child Adolescent Sexual Exploitation Evaluation (CASEE, Ireland et al., 2025), which aims to consider vulnerability and protective factors in a child felt to be exposed to CSE concerns. Design/methodology/approach It comprises o…
Psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Political science (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Poison control (5 works) · Aggression (4 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (4 works) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (4 works)