C R Pennell
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 171371 |
|---|---|
| NOME | C R Pennell |
| PRENOMES | C R |
| SOBRENOME | Pennell |
| ASSINATURA | PENNELL C R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Melbourne |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8057-6792 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The history of Islam and the early Ottoman Empire in Australian secondary school history textbooks
This article examines Year 8 history textbooks (13–14-year-old students) that follow the Australian National and Victorian Curricula. It argues that the sometimes inaccurate accounts they give of Islam and the early modern Ottoman Empire largely have their origins in the detailed prescriptions given in the history curricula
The Algerian State, Islamist Insurgents, and Civilians Caught in Double Jeopardy by the Violence of the Civil War of the 1990s
During the Algerian Civil War of the 1990s responsibility for both targeted assassinations of prominent politicians and political activists and largescale massacres was frequently ascribed to both the government and the Islamic insurgents of the GIA. The same was true of the more mundane but much more numerous level of individuals who fell foul of both sides in the conflict and were frequently the targets of both. Using material from the asylum t…
The pirates of the Defensor de Pedro (1828–30) and the sanitisation of a pirate legend
In late 1827, the crew of a Brazilian slaver, the Defensor de Pedro, mutinied and became pirates. The article follows the narrative of their attacks on ships, including the British Morning Star off Ascension Island in February 1828 and the American merchant Topaz. The Spanish authorities in Cádiz captured most of the crew and tried and executed them. Their captain, Benito de Soto, was tried and hanged in Gibraltar. Using trial papers the article …
Born-digital sources for the history of the Libyan revolution and its aftermath
Archival material on the Libyan revolution and the civil war that followed is very scarce. This article discusses two born digital collections – the Libya Uprising Archive of tweets collected during the rising against Qaddafi, and the collections of asylum appeal tribunals in several English-speaking liberal democracies. Neither collection has been extensively used. It describes how the collections were formed, and the difficulties of using them …
Making the Foreign Past Real
Teaching modern Middle East history at the University of Melbourne raises problems of culture. Students are not generally acquainted with the Middle East and North Africa—even those whose families originate there—news coverage is patchy, and Australia is far away. Not all students are even arts students let alone history majors: our degree structure requires interdisciplinary study. The University is liberal about how to assess students, only req…
How and why to remember the Rif War (1921-2021)
The centenary of the Rif War in Morocco (1921–1926) has nearly arrived. This article considers how accounts of the war have been transmitted as acts of memory. It surveys European and American publications on the war from the early military histories through to political accounts explaining the war from imperialist and anti-imperial perspectives. It then examines the first general histories and academic accounts, by anthropologists and linguists,…
What is the significance of the title 'Amīr al-mu'minīn
This article examines the use of the title amīr al-mu'minīn in the modern jihadist movement and sets it in the context of the history of how it was used extensively in northern Africa before colonialism. The use of the title did not necessarily signify a claim to caliphate as it is usually taken to be, but described a certain form of activist leadership which may have been attached to a caliph but also could signify a level of authority beneath t…
Words into Texts
Paolo Xuereb, a Maltese migrant in Tunis in the mid nineteenth century, was tried for murder in the court of the Bey of Tunis. Two contemporary documents describing the trial exist. One is a translated (into English) “transcript” made by the US consulate, the other is an Arabic statement of the verdict and sentence validated by some of the principal Islamic legal authorities of the Beylicate. The article compares these two documents and finds tha…
The origins of the Foreign Jurisdiction Act and the extension of British sovereignty
Journal Article The origins of the Foreign Jurisdiction Act and the extension of British sovereignty Get access C. R. Pennell C. R. Pennell University of Melbourne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Historical Research, Volume 83, Issue 221, August 2010, Pages 465–485, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2009.00516.x Published: 25 June 2010
Treaty law
This article is based on a close comparative examination of the Treaties between the North African States of the Ottoman Empires, and Morocco on the one hand and the states of Western Europe and North America on the other in the early modern period. It shows that they formed a corpus of regulations and understandings that underpinned a ‘customary’ diplomatic law. It challenges the view that Europeans and North Americans legally enjoyed extraterri…
British Piracy in the Golden Age
Law as a cultural symbol
In 1996 two British nurses in Saudi Arabia were arrested for the murder of an Australian colleague. After they were tried and found guilty, one was sentenced to death and the other to be flogged. In the British and Australian press liberal commentators said that the case showed how human rights flaws were intrinsic to the Saudi legal system, and the sharīca on which it was based. The Saudi government asserted a different framework of rights, clai…
A killing in Tripoli (1843)
This article examines the trial in 1843 and 1844 of Giovanni Battista Caruana, a Maltese, for the murder of a Jew in Tripoli. He was found guilty but was not executed because the victim's impoverished wife agreed to accept compensation. The case took place against the background of the British government's increasing impatience with what they saw as uncontrolled Maltese and Ionian communities, leading to the enactment of the Foreign Jurisdiction …
Meeting the Sultan
Abdellah Hammoudi describes the ceremonial occasions when the Sultan came into public view in the pre-colonial period. He suggests that what was happening was a ceremonial system designed to emphasise distance, both inspiring fear of and engendering love for the imam, which were the foundation of obedience. This was true both of ceremonies in which only Moroccans or Muslims were involved (bay'a, 'id al mawlid), and those where foreign ambassadors…
Law on a wild frontier
The frontier between the Spanish enclave of Melilla and the surrounding territory of Morocco was disorderly for much of the nineteenth century. On the Moroccan side the control of the Sultan was often ephemeral, and the border itself was marked by raiding, and even more frequent smuggling. On the Melillan side, conflicts between individual Moroccans and Spaniards had to be mediated through the legal system. An examination of the particular cases …
Morocco since 1830
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Morocco since 1830
Lineage, genealogy and practical politics
Authority in Morocco has often been based on lineage. Thus genealogy has been a crucial part of dynasty and regime legitimation, as David Hart has shown. However, discourse based on genealogy is neither history nor an accurate description of sociopolitical order as the genealogical memory rarely extends beyond six generations. As a result, alongside this ‘great tradition’ of genealogical authority is a parallel little tradition based on power, as…
Morocco Since 1830
Defeat 1830-1860 reform 1860-1894 collapse 1894-1912 conquest 1912-1930 nationalism 1930-1956 independence 1956-1975 adjustment 1975-1990
The British Consular courts and Moroccan Muslim identity
The use of law in pre‐colonial Morocco was a political and ideological weapon in the lands of both Moroccans and Europeans. Before 1912 Moroccans frequently made use of the Consular Courts in disputes with Europeans and exploited the system of consular protection to their own benefit. This process continued after the colonial regimes had been installed as a means of avoiding the colonial legal system which created a tripartite legal structure. It…
The Rif War
Indigenous resistance to colonial rule is usually categorised as ‘primary’ or ‘secondary’ resistance, the first being ‘the hostile reaction of unmodified tribal forms’ and the second, the ‘muter protest’ of indigenous movements including political parties created under colonial influence. In the Islamic world, this was often paralleled by a distinction between rural and urban movements. There is, however, a third category ‐ ‘post‐penetration resi…
B
MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IN DENMARK. Edited by LARS ERSLEV ANDERSEN. Odense, Odense University Press, 1994. 215pp. DKK 200. APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: INTERVIEWS WITH LEADING MIDDLE EAST HISTORIANS. By NANCY ELIZABETH GALLAGHER. Reading, Garnet Publishing, 1994. viii, 197pp. A HISTORY OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST. By WILLIAM L. CLEVELAND. Boulder and Oxford, Westview Press, 1994. 503pp. Tables, maps, photographs, glossary, select bibli…
State Power in a Chronically Weak State
Accommodation between European and Islamic law in the western mediterranean in the early nineteenth century
In 1839, George Borrow, after several years distributing the Protestant Bible in Spain, went to Morocco, where he hoped for success among the European community in Tangier. He was received by the British Consul-General, Edward Drummond-Hay, who impressed him. He 'appeared ... to be thoroughly acquainted with the Barbary Empire and with the Moorish character'. But when he went to dinner, Borrow found that this thorough acquaintanceship did not mea…
Dealing with pirates
A Country with a Government and a Flag
This is a published version of the book ‘A country with a government and a flag : the Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926’, published by Middle East and North African Studies Press (MENAS). This version is reproduced with the permission of MENAS Associates Ltd
Ideology and Practical Politics
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries there were a number of armed attempts by people in the Arab world, and particularly in the Maghrib countries, to resist European penetration and colonialism. Historians have made considerable efforts to categorize these attempts as being either examples of ‘primary’ resistance or of ‘modern nationalist’ resistance, a distinction based largely on the presence or absence in the movement concerned of a…
How and why to remember the Rif War (1921-2021)
The centenary of the Rif War in Morocco (1921–1926) has nearly arrived. This article considers how accounts of the war have been transmitted as acts of memory. It surveys European and American publications on the war from the early military histories through to political accounts explaining the war from imperialist and anti-imperial perspectives. It then examines the first general histories and academic accounts, by anthropologists and linguists,…
Law on a wild frontier
The frontier between the Spanish enclave of Melilla and the surrounding territory of Morocco was disorderly for much of the nineteenth century. On the Moroccan side the control of the Sultan was often ephemeral, and the border itself was marked by raiding, and even more frequent smuggling. On the Melillan side, conflicts between individual Moroccans and Spaniards had to be mediated through the legal system. An examination of the particular cases …
The British Consular courts and Moroccan Muslim identity
The use of law in pre‐colonial Morocco was a political and ideological weapon in the lands of both Moroccans and Europeans. Before 1912 Moroccans frequently made use of the Consular Courts in disputes with Europeans and exploited the system of consular protection to their own benefit. This process continued after the colonial regimes had been installed as a means of avoiding the colonial legal system which created a tripartite legal structure. It…
Accommodation between European and Islamic law in the western mediterranean in the early nineteenth century
In 1839, George Borrow, after several years distributing the Protestant Bible in Spain, went to Morocco, where he hoped for success among the European community in Tangier. He was received by the British Consul-General, Edward Drummond-Hay, who impressed him. He 'appeared ... to be thoroughly acquainted with the Barbary Empire and with the Moorish character'. But when he went to dinner, Borrow found that this thorough acquaintanceship did not mea…
The geography of piracy
Treaty law
This article is based on a close comparative examination of the Treaties between the North African States of the Ottoman Empires, and Morocco on the one hand and the states of Western Europe and North America on the other in the early modern period. It shows that they formed a corpus of regulations and understandings that underpinned a ‘customary’ diplomatic law. It challenges the view that Europeans and North Americans legally enjoyed extraterri…
Lineage, genealogy and practical politics
Authority in Morocco has often been based on lineage. Thus genealogy has been a crucial part of dynasty and regime legitimation, as David Hart has shown. However, discourse based on genealogy is neither history nor an accurate description of sociopolitical order as the genealogical memory rarely extends beyond six generations. As a result, alongside this ‘great tradition’ of genealogical authority is a parallel little tradition based on power, as…
Women and Resistance to Colonialism in Morocco
This article attempts to investigate the role of women in rural society in Morocco, and by extension in the Muslim world of the Near and Middle East. It does so by examining the evidence thrown up by a major crisis, the Rif war of the 1920s. The mobilization and organization of tribal society by Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Karī;m (Abdelkrim) to fight the war against the Spanish and the French extended to women as well as men, involving them in new tasks…
What is the significance of the title 'Amīr al-mu'minīn
This article examines the use of the title amīr al-mu'minīn in the modern jihadist movement and sets it in the context of the history of how it was used extensively in northern Africa before colonialism. The use of the title did not necessarily signify a claim to caliphate as it is usually taken to be, but described a certain form of activist leadership which may have been attached to a caliph but also could signify a level of authority beneath t…
A killing in Tripoli (1843)
This article examines the trial in 1843 and 1844 of Giovanni Battista Caruana, a Maltese, for the murder of a Jew in Tripoli. He was found guilty but was not executed because the victim's impoverished wife agreed to accept compensation. The case took place against the background of the British government's increasing impatience with what they saw as uncontrolled Maltese and Ionian communities, leading to the enactment of the Foreign Jurisdiction …
The Rif War
Indigenous resistance to colonial rule is usually categorised as ‘primary’ or ‘secondary’ resistance, the first being ‘the hostile reaction of unmodified tribal forms’ and the second, the ‘muter protest’ of indigenous movements including political parties created under colonial influence. In the Islamic world, this was often paralleled by a distinction between rural and urban movements. There is, however, a third category ‐ ‘post‐penetration resi…
Dealing with pirates
Tripoli in the late Seventeenth Century
The economic poverty of Tripoli in the Seventeenth century was such that the piratical activities of its corsair fleet were of major importance to both the town and the Ottoman regime. An unpublished journal written by Thomas Baker (British Consul between 1679–1685) contains detailed information about the arrival and departure of both merchant ships and corsairs and about the value of prizes taken by the pirates and brought to Tripoli. These data…
Ideology and Practical Politics
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries there were a number of armed attempts by people in the Arab world, and particularly in the Maghrib countries, to resist European penetration and colonialism. Historians have made considerable efforts to categorize these attempts as being either examples of ‘primary’ resistance or of ‘modern nationalist’ resistance, a distinction based largely on the presence or absence in the movement concerned of a…
The Tarabulus (Libyan) Resistance to the Italian Invasion
The Tarabulus (Libyan) Resistance to the Italian Invasion: 1911-1920. By Agil Mohamed Barbar. 420 pages. Ph.D Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison1980. University Microfilms order number 81-06489. - Volume 14
Tripoli in the late Seventeenth Century
The economic poverty of Tripoli in the Seventeenth century was such that the piratical activities of its corsair fleet were of major importance to both the town and the Ottoman regime. An unpublished journal written by Thomas Baker (British Consul between 1679–1685) contains detailed information about the arrival and departure of both merchant ships and corsairs and about the value of prizes taken by the pirates and brought to Tripoli. These data…
Women and Resistance to Colonialism in Morocco
This article attempts to investigate the role of women in rural society in Morocco, and by extension in the Muslim world of the Near and Middle East. It does so by examining the evidence thrown up by a major crisis, the Rif war of the 1920s. The mobilization and organization of tribal society by Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Karī;m (Abdelkrim) to fight the war against the Spanish and the French extended to women as well as men, involving them in new tasks…
B. Reviews
THE HISTORY OF AL‐TABARl (TA'RIKH AL‐RUSUL WA ‘L‐MULÜK). (An annotated translation] (Bibliotheca Persica) (SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies): VOLUME II: PROPHETS AND PATRIARCHS. Translated and annotated by WILLIAM M. BRINNER. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1987. xii, 207pp. VOLUME IV: THE ANCIENT KINGDOMS. Translated and annotated by MOSHE PERLMANN. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1987. xii, 205pp. THE FIRST DYNASTY OF…
C. Reviews and notes
FIHRIS AL‐KHIZANAH AL‐'ILMIYYA AL‐SUBAYHIYYA BI‐SALA. CATALOG OF SUBAIHEYYA LIBRARY IN SALA. By MUHAMMAD HAJJI. Kuwait, MaTiad al‐Makhtūtat al‐'Arabiyya (Institute of Arab Manuscripts), 1985.722pp., illus. i. FIHRIS MAKHTÜTAT MAKTABAT KÜPRILI. CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE KÖPRÜLÜ LIBRARY. Prepared by RAMAZAN SESEN, CEVAT İZGİ, CEMIL AKPINAR. Istanbul, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, 1406/1986. 3 vols. 609, 34; 647; 639,22…
Mediterranean Africa
Work on the Early Ottoman Period and Qaramanlis
Research on Libya during the first Ottoman and Qaramanli periods has been handicapped by the lack of a theme. Much work on these periods has been done to a large extent as spin-off from other research contingent on Libya, and new publications in European languages have been few. Their effect has been to cast a bright light on some corners of the subject, but the rest has been left in deep shadow. What follows is a summary of what has been done, t…
Piracy and Diplomacy in Seventeenth-Century North Africa
Cannibalism in early modern North Africa
(1991). Cannibalism in early modern North Africa. British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Bulletin: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 169-185
A Country with a Government and a Flag
This is a published version of the book ‘A country with a government and a flag : the Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926’, published by Middle East and North African Studies Press (MENAS). This version is reproduced with the permission of MENAS Associates Ltd
A. Review article the discovery of Morocco's northern coast
LE MAROC MÉDITERRANÉEN, LA TROISIÈME DIMENSION. Edited by HABIB EL MALKI. Casablanca, Editions le Fennec, 1992. 175 pp. Charts, tables. Dh48 (pb). LE MAROC ET SON ESPACE MÉDITERRANÉEN. By FOUAD ZAIM. Rabat, Confluences, 1990. 216 pp. Maps, illustrations. Dh70 (pb). REVUE MAROC‐EUROPE. Special edition ‘Le Maroc et la Mer’, no 2, 1992. Rabat, Editions La Porte, 1992. 332 pp. Dh80 (pb). ON THE SPANISH MOROCCAN FRONTIER: A STUDY IN RITUAL POWER AND E…
Accommodation between European and Islamic law in the western mediterranean in the early nineteenth century
In 1839, George Borrow, after several years distributing the Protestant Bible in Spain, went to Morocco, where he hoped for success among the European community in Tangier. He was received by the British Consul-General, Edward Drummond-Hay, who impressed him. He 'appeared ... to be thoroughly acquainted with the Barbary Empire and with the Moorish character'. But when he went to dinner, Borrow found that this thorough acquaintanceship did not mea…
Dealing with pirates
The geography of piracy
B
MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IN DENMARK. Edited by LARS ERSLEV ANDERSEN. Odense, Odense University Press, 1994. 215pp. DKK 200. APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: INTERVIEWS WITH LEADING MIDDLE EAST HISTORIANS. By NANCY ELIZABETH GALLAGHER. Reading, Garnet Publishing, 1994. viii, 197pp. A HISTORY OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST. By WILLIAM L. CLEVELAND. Boulder and Oxford, Westview Press, 1994. 503pp. Tables, maps, photographs, glossary, select bibli…
State Power in a Chronically Weak State
The British Consular courts and Moroccan Muslim identity
The use of law in pre‐colonial Morocco was a political and ideological weapon in the lands of both Moroccans and Europeans. Before 1912 Moroccans frequently made use of the Consular Courts in disputes with Europeans and exploited the system of consular protection to their own benefit. This process continued after the colonial regimes had been installed as a means of avoiding the colonial legal system which created a tripartite legal structure. It…
The Rif War
Indigenous resistance to colonial rule is usually categorised as ‘primary’ or ‘secondary’ resistance, the first being ‘the hostile reaction of unmodified tribal forms’ and the second, the ‘muter protest’ of indigenous movements including political parties created under colonial influence. In the Islamic world, this was often paralleled by a distinction between rural and urban movements. There is, however, a third category ‐ ‘post‐penetration resi…
Morocco Since 1830
Defeat 1830-1860 reform 1860-1894 collapse 1894-1912 conquest 1912-1930 nationalism 1930-1956 independence 1956-1975 adjustment 1975-1990
Morocco since 1830
Lineage, genealogy and practical politics
Authority in Morocco has often been based on lineage. Thus genealogy has been a crucial part of dynasty and regime legitimation, as David Hart has shown. However, discourse based on genealogy is neither history nor an accurate description of sociopolitical order as the genealogical memory rarely extends beyond six generations. As a result, alongside this ‘great tradition’ of genealogical authority is a parallel little tradition based on power, as…
Law on a wild frontier
The frontier between the Spanish enclave of Melilla and the surrounding territory of Morocco was disorderly for much of the nineteenth century. On the Moroccan side the control of the Sultan was often ephemeral, and the border itself was marked by raiding, and even more frequent smuggling. On the Melillan side, conflicts between individual Moroccans and Spaniards had to be mediated through the legal system. An examination of the particular cases …
Morocco since 1830
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Meeting the Sultan
Abdellah Hammoudi describes the ceremonial occasions when the Sultan came into public view in the pre-colonial period. He suggests that what was happening was a ceremonial system designed to emphasise distance, both inspiring fear of and engendering love for the imam, which were the foundation of obedience. This was true both of ceremonies in which only Moroccans or Muslims were involved (bay'a, 'id al mawlid), and those where foreign ambassadors…
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