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Steve Nowicki

Biographic Data

ID171641
NAMESteve Nowicki
GIVEN NAMESSteve
FAMILY NAMENowicki
SIGNATURENOWICKI S
AFFILIATIONSEmory University
ORCID0000-0002-6564-905X
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS34
TOTAL CITATIONS253
AUTHOR COUNT34
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1967
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX6
  • Facial emotion recognition profiles in middle childhood: Links to parenting and social–emotional functioning

    Petra Laamanen, Noona Kiuru et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•2026

    Although prior research has identified population-level trends in facial emotion recognition (FER) in middle childhood, it is unclear whether all children follow a similar developmental trajectory. To address this gap, we used a person-oriented approach to identify qualitatively distinct FER profiles based on accuracy and bias. The sample ( N = 3,717, 51% girls, baseline M age = 8.20, SD = 0.86) came from a Finnish social-emotional learning inter…

  • Does Format Matter? Investigating the Impact of Test Format on Facial Emotion Recognition Ability

    Open Access•Virginia B Wickline, Heaven Divinity et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•2025

    The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2, Adult Faces subtest (DANVA2-AF), a tool that measures accuracy in facial emotion recognition ability, has been used in hundreds of studies in the United States and at least a dozen other countries. Myriad traditional and digital formats have been used in its administration, with the assumption they would produce the same results. The current study investigated whether presentation format impacted e…

  • Obituary: Donald J. Kiesler (1933-2007)

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki•ARTICLE•American Psychologist•2008

  • Facial Expression Recognition and Social Competence among African American Elementary School Children: An Examination of Ethnic Differences

    Open Access•Denise N Glanville, Steve Nowicki•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•2002•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential for cross-ethnic miscommunication of facial expressions. The ability of elementary school children to identify emotion in African American and European American facial expressions and how this ability relates to social competence was examined. African American (n = 37) and European American (n = 37) children were administered African American and European American faces. Sociometri…

  • Percussive Foraging: Stimuli for Prey Location by Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis)

    Open Access•Carl J Erickson, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•1998•Cited by: 12•References: 7

  • The Ability to Decode Nonverbal Information in African American, African and Afro-Caribbean, and European American Adults

    Open Access•Wendy Bailey, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•1998•Cited by: 6•References: 13

    To examine the ability of participants from different ethnic backgrounds to accurately interpret the nonverbal behavior of European American adults, African American (n = 39), African and Afro-Caribbean (referred to as international) (n = 17), and European American (n = 38) undergraduate students completed the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale (DANVA). European American participants were found to be more accurate than international …

  • A Test of the Ability to Recognize Emotion in the Facial Expressions of African American Adults

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•1998•Cited by: 5•References: 17

    The purpose of this study was to introduce a measure for the recognition of emotion in the facial expressions of African American adults. Posed and spontaneousfacial expressions ofAfrican American adults were photographed. A social norming approach was used to select 32 photographs of the following high-and low-intensity emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear All were equally represented by male and female faces. Construct validity evidenc…

  • The Impact of Cooperative and Competitive Instructions on the Performance of Friendly and Hostile Complementary Mixed-Sex Dyads

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Lisa Fost et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1997•Cited by: 2•References: 7

  • Individual differences in the nonverbal communication of affect: The diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy scale

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Nonverbal Behavior•1994

  • Interpersonal complementarity and time of interaction in female relationships

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1991•Cited by: 8•References: 17

  • The role of locus of control orientation in speed of discriminating facial affect

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1990•References: 15

  • A Brief Self Report Form of the Cartoon Scale of Preschool and Primary Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Educational and Psychological…•1989

    This study presents construct validity evidence for a brief self report form of the Nowicki-Strickland Preschool and Primary Internal-External control scale (PPNSIE). The 13 item scale was completed by 376 first and second graders. Based on a series of analyses, this brief self report scale appeared to have a factor structure similar to that of the PPNSIE as well as comparable reliability, item characteristics, and relation to achievement

  • Paralanguage and the Interpersonal Impact of Dysphoria: It's Not What You Say but How You Say It

    Open Access•John R Paddock, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Social Behavior and Personality…•1986

    Research shows that clinically depressed persons and dysphoric normals have a negative impact on others. This study attempted to identify what about the dysphoric paralinguistic style creates the aversive impact experienced by others. Results suggest that moderately dysphoric normals are rejected to the extent that they speak in relatively soft, flat tones, with long pauses before “taking the floor” for an extended period of time. In addition, th…

  • An examination of the Leary circumplex through the interpersonal check list

    Open Access•John R Paddock, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1986•Cited by: 6•References: 48

  • Cooperative behavior as a function of interpersonal style in preschoolers

    Open Access•Mark McLeod, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality•1985

    A study of the effectiveness of preschoolers interpersonal interactions was conducted based upon a circumplex model of interpersonal behavior and the corollary complementarity hypothesis developed by Leary (1957) and Carson (1969) The interpersonal styles of 92 preschoolers' interpersonal interactions was rated in a naturalistic free‐play environment These ratings were used to obtain status and affiliation scores for each child which, in turn, we…

  • The effect of standard, motivation, and strategy instructions on the facial processing accuracy of internal and external subjects

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1985•Cited by: 2•References: 22

  • Competition-cooperation as a mediator of locus of control and achievement

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1982•References: 12

  • Overt expression of experimenter expectancies, interaction with subject expectancies, and performance on a psychomotor task

    Open Access•John W Callaway, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1980•References: 7

  • Preschool and primary locus of control scale: A reply

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1979•References: 4

  • Preschool and primary locus of control scale: A reply

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1979

  • Memory for faces: A social learning analysis

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1979•References: 20

  • Locus of Control among Hungarian Children: Sex, Age, School Achievement, and Teachers' Ratings of Developmental Congruence

    Open Access•Maria Rupp, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1978•Cited by: 4•References: 10

    To test the generality of the results of the children's form of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control scale, it was given to 469 Hungarian children ranging in age from 10 to 14. Internal-external scores of Hungarian children did not differ significantly from those obtained in the American sample. Higher school achievement as measured by general grade point average (GPA) and by specific grades in mathematics, Hungarian language, and lit…

  • Independence training practices and locus of control orientation in children and adolescents

    Frank Wichern, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1976•Cited by: 6•References: 1

  • The role of locus of control of reinforcement in interpersonal attraction

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1975•References: 16

  • A Locus of Control Scale for Noncollege as Well as College Adults

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality Assessment•1974

    In an effort to overcome some of the shortcomings of existent locus of control scales, the authors developed a new adult scale suitable for use on Ss with as little as fifth grade reading ability. Psychometric characteristics were assessed in 12 studies on 766 Ss.

Next
  • A locus of control scale for children

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Consulting and…•1973•Cited by: 176•References: 2

  • Percussive Foraging: Stimuli for Prey Location by Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis)

    Open Access•Carl J Erickson, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•1998•Cited by: 12•References: 7

  • A preschool and primary internal-external control scale

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1974•Cited by: 10•References: 3

  • Interpersonal complementarity and time of interaction in female relationships

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1991•Cited by: 8•References: 17

  • The Ability to Decode Nonverbal Information in African American, African and Afro-Caribbean, and European American Adults

    Open Access•Wendy Bailey, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•1998•Cited by: 6•References: 13

    To examine the ability of participants from different ethnic backgrounds to accurately interpret the nonverbal behavior of European American adults, African American (n = 39), African and Afro-Caribbean (referred to as international) (n = 17), and European American (n = 38) undergraduate students completed the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale (DANVA). European American participants were found to be more accurate than international …

  • An examination of the Leary circumplex through the interpersonal check list

    Open Access•John R Paddock, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1986•Cited by: 6•References: 48

  • Independence training practices and locus of control orientation in children and adolescents

    Frank Wichern, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1976•Cited by: 6•References: 1

  • Correlates of locus of control in a secondary school population

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1971•Cited by: 6

  • A Test of the Ability to Recognize Emotion in the Facial Expressions of African American Adults

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•1998•Cited by: 5•References: 17

    The purpose of this study was to introduce a measure for the recognition of emotion in the facial expressions of African American adults. Posed and spontaneousfacial expressions ofAfrican American adults were photographed. A social norming approach was used to select 32 photographs of the following high-and low-intensity emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear All were equally represented by male and female faces. Construct validity evidenc…

  • Internal versus external control of reinforcement and reaction to frustration

    Michael Brisset, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1973•Cited by: 5•References: 1

  • Locus of Control among Hungarian Children: Sex, Age, School Achievement, and Teachers' Ratings of Developmental Congruence

    Open Access•Maria Rupp, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1978•Cited by: 4•References: 10

    To test the generality of the results of the children's form of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control scale, it was given to 469 Hungarian children ranging in age from 10 to 14. Internal-external scores of Hungarian children did not differ significantly from those obtained in the American sample. Higher school achievement as measured by general grade point average (GPA) and by specific grades in mathematics, Hungarian language, and lit…

  • Perceived parental characteristics, locus of control orientation, and behavioral correlates of locus of control

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1974•Cited by: 4•References: 2

  • The Impact of Cooperative and Competitive Instructions on the Performance of Friendly and Hostile Complementary Mixed-Sex Dyads

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Lisa Fost et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1997•Cited by: 2•References: 7

  • The effect of standard, motivation, and strategy instructions on the facial processing accuracy of internal and external subjects

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1985•Cited by: 2•References: 22

  • Facial Expression Recognition and Social Competence among African American Elementary School Children: An Examination of Ethnic Differences

    Open Access•Denise N Glanville, Steve Nowicki•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•2002•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential for cross-ethnic miscommunication of facial expressions. The ability of elementary school children to identify emotion in African American and European American facial expressions and how this ability relates to social competence was examined. African American (n = 37) and European American (n = 37) children were administered African American and European American faces. Sociometri…

  • Birth Order and Personality: Some Unexpected Findings

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1967

    From a group of 1400 patients who had been admitted to the neuropsychiatric wards cf a veteran's administration hospital over a 7-yr. period, four groups (only children, first born, middle born, and last born) of schizophrenics were randomly selected. Each patient had completed a valid Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), and the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). A single-classificat…

  • Conservatism and Liberalism in College Students

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1969

    The main purpose of this study was to examine, in this time of political turmoil, how those who call themselves conservative differ from those who call themselves liberal in terms of attitudes and personality traits. Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1960) defines a conservative as tending to preserve established traditions or institutions and to resist or oppose any changes in these. A liberal, on the other hand, is defined as favoring reform, op…

  • Correlates of locus of control in a secondary school population

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1971•Cited by: 6

  • Use of Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale in High School Students: Replication

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1972

    To study the developmental aspects of psychological distance or personal space (2, 3, 4), the present authors developed a paper-and-pencil technique to assess the effects of differential stimuli on preferred interpersonal distance (1). Results indicated that persons of different races were always kept at greater distances than stimulus persons of the same race and that opposite-sex stimuli, in the adolescent population, were permitted to come clo…

  • Personality Correlates of the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Adults

    Open Access•Marshall P Duke, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1973

    Relationships with personality dimensions previously obtained with the Rotter I-E scale were compared with those gathered with a new scale, the adult form of the Nowicki-Strickland locus of control scale (ANSIE). Results indicated that the ANSIE and the Rotter scales were similarly related to personality needs. It was concluded that these results promote further validity for the ANSIE measure and support the use of parallel child and adult forms …

  • Internal versus external control of reinforcement and reaction to frustration

    Michael Brisset, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1973•Cited by: 5•References: 1

  • A locus of control scale for children

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Consulting and…•1973•Cited by: 176•References: 2

  • A Locus of Control Scale for Noncollege as Well as College Adults

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality Assessment•1974

    In an effort to overcome some of the shortcomings of existent locus of control scales, the authors developed a new adult scale suitable for use on Ss with as little as fifth grade reading ability. Psychometric characteristics were assessed in 12 studies on 766 Ss.

  • A preschool and primary internal-external control scale

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1974•Cited by: 10•References: 3

  • Perceived parental characteristics, locus of control orientation, and behavioral correlates of locus of control

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1974•Cited by: 4•References: 2

  • The role of locus of control of reinforcement in interpersonal attraction

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1975•References: 16

  • Independence training practices and locus of control orientation in children and adolescents

    Frank Wichern, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1976•Cited by: 6•References: 1

  • Locus of Control among Hungarian Children: Sex, Age, School Achievement, and Teachers' Ratings of Developmental Congruence

    Open Access•Maria Rupp, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1978•Cited by: 4•References: 10

    To test the generality of the results of the children's form of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control scale, it was given to 469 Hungarian children ranging in age from 10 to 14. Internal-external scores of Hungarian children did not differ significantly from those obtained in the American sample. Higher school achievement as measured by general grade point average (GPA) and by specific grades in mathematics, Hungarian language, and lit…

  • Preschool and primary locus of control scale: A reply

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1979•References: 4

  • Preschool and primary locus of control scale: A reply

    Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Developmental Psychology•1979

  • Memory for faces: A social learning analysis

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1979•References: 20

  • Overt expression of experimenter expectancies, interaction with subject expectancies, and performance on a psychomotor task

    Open Access•John W Callaway, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1980•References: 7

  • Competition-cooperation as a mediator of locus of control and achievement

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1982•References: 12

  • Cooperative behavior as a function of interpersonal style in preschoolers

    Open Access•Mark McLeod, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality•1985

    A study of the effectiveness of preschoolers interpersonal interactions was conducted based upon a circumplex model of interpersonal behavior and the corollary complementarity hypothesis developed by Leary (1957) and Carson (1969) The interpersonal styles of 92 preschoolers' interpersonal interactions was rated in a naturalistic free‐play environment These ratings were used to obtain status and affiliation scores for each child which, in turn, we…

  • The effect of standard, motivation, and strategy instructions on the facial processing accuracy of internal and external subjects

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1985•Cited by: 2•References: 22

  • Paralanguage and the Interpersonal Impact of Dysphoria: It's Not What You Say but How You Say It

    Open Access•John R Paddock, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Social Behavior and Personality…•1986

    Research shows that clinically depressed persons and dysphoric normals have a negative impact on others. This study attempted to identify what about the dysphoric paralinguistic style creates the aversive impact experienced by others. Results suggest that moderately dysphoric normals are rejected to the extent that they speak in relatively soft, flat tones, with long pauses before “taking the floor” for an extended period of time. In addition, th…

  • An examination of the Leary circumplex through the interpersonal check list

    Open Access•John R Paddock, Steve Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1986•Cited by: 6•References: 48

  • A Brief Self Report Form of the Cartoon Scale of Preschool and Primary Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Educational and Psychological…•1989

    This study presents construct validity evidence for a brief self report form of the Nowicki-Strickland Preschool and Primary Internal-External control scale (PPNSIE). The 13 item scale was completed by 376 first and second graders. Based on a series of analyses, this brief self report scale appeared to have a factor structure similar to that of the PPNSIE as well as comparable reliability, item characteristics, and relation to achievement

  • The role of locus of control orientation in speed of discriminating facial affect

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1990•References: 15

  • Interpersonal complementarity and time of interaction in female relationships

    Open Access•Steve Nowicki, Stephen Nowicki et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Research in Personality•1991•Cited by: 8•References: 17

Psychology (30 works) · Developmental psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Locus of control (13 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (9 works) · Interpersonal communication (9 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Communication (7 works)

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