Massimo Vidale
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 172161 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Massimo Vidale |
| NOMBRES | Massimo |
| APELLIDO | Vidale |
| FIRMA | VIDALE M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Padua |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0543-6511 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 159 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
New Radiocarbon Evidence from Shahdad and the Earliest Datable Linear Elamite Text
In this paper, we report two 14 C-AMS dates obtained from samples of lead-based cosmetics found in two graves of Cemetery A at Shahdad (Kerman, Iran). Combined with ceramic comparisons, these new dates provide strong evidence that this graveyard was in use for most of the 3 rd millennium BCE. The earliest of the two funerary contexts – Grave 30 – dated by radiocarbon analysis to between the 30 th and the 27 th century BCE, also contained a cerami…
Provenance attribution of lapis lazuli rocks processed at the Bronze age archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran)
Study on stone beads from the Rabat cemetery in Uzbekistan
The Chinese identity of St Mark's bronze 'Lion' and its place in the history of medieval Venice
There are no known written records pertaining to the origins of the enigmatic bronze 'Lion' that stands atop one of the two large columns of the Piazzetta in St Mark's Square, Venice (Italy). Representing the Venetian Winged Lion, a powerful symbol of statehood, the sculpture was installed during a time of political uncertainty in medieval Mediterranean Europe, yet its features do not reflect local artistic conventions. Here, the authors argue th…
A ‘Shoehorn’ at Altyn Depe
This paper reconsiders the archaeological picture and the involved historical narratives proposed by important seasons of excavations at the third-millennium bc site of Altyn Depe (Turkmenistan) by the former Soviet academy. Thanks to these intensive efforts the site is and will remain crucial for the reconstruction of the evolution of social complexity in southern Central Asia and the neighbouring civilizations; however, we question the validity…
Production Technologies and Provenance of Ceramic Materials from the Earliest Foundry of Pre-Roman Padua, NE Italy
The earliest foundry site of Pre-Roman Padua, in the Veneto region (north-eastern Italy), provided evidence of craft activities and residential areas dated between the end of the 9th and 1st centuries BCE. Common and fine wares were found, most of them belonging to two main ceramic classes: (i) highly dark-colored bodies with silicate inclusions; (ii) carbonate-tempered pots. Macroscopic and petrographic (POM) descriptions and spectroscopy—minera…
Lakheen-Jo-Daro, an Indus Civilization Settlement at Sukkur in Upper Sindh (Pakistan)
The Bronze Age settlement of Lakheen-Jo-Daro is located in the northern outskirts of \nthe city of Sukkur, ca. 2.5 km north of the present course of the Indus, where the river \nnarrows to flow across the northernmost limestone fringes of the Rohri Hills. The site \nwas accidentally discovered in 1985, though the first trial trenches were opened in 1994. \nDuring the cleaning of the profile of one of the trenches excavated in 1996, one copper \na…
A Copper Statuette from South-Eastern Iran (3rd Millennium B.C.)
We present a copper alloy statuette confiscated by the Iranian security forces in the surroundings of Jiroft (Kerman, Iran) with other artifacts of the 3rd millennium B.C. Its iconography is discussed with synthetic reviews of selected snake-related iconographic themes in coeval ancient Mesopotamia, Iran, and southern Central Asia. Two micro-fragments, analyzed by ESEM, revealed the alloy and an unusual decorative treatment of its surface. The st…
Drilling stone vessels in third-millennium BC Iran
Stone vessels were widely used across the Middle East and East Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. Production sites in Egypt have been extensively studied but the evidence for other regional manufacturing centres, including the eastern Iranian Plateau, is less well understood. The authors report on an extensive craft activity area found at Hajjiabad-Varamin, Kerman Province, with evidence for the large-scale production of vessels made of translu…
Iconographic evidence of hybridisation between Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius at second-century AD Hatra, Iraq
In a sculpted frieze on a lintel of the so-called Temple of Allat at Hatra (second century AD), two rows of sitting camels converge towards a possible royal portrait. The two lead animals were previously interpreted as Bactrian camels. We reconsider this interpretation in light of recent information on ancient and contemporary practices of hybridisation between Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius
Remote sensing and ground survey of archaeological damage and destruction at Nineveh during the Isis occupation
Armed conflicts frequently result in the damage or destruction of archaeological heritage. The occupation by ISIS of parts of Iraq and Syria is no exception. Here, the authors present the results of work focused on Nineveh, as part of a wider research initiative to monitor damage inflicted by ISIS at archaeological sites in northern Iraq. Combining satellite imagery, low-level aerial photography and ground-based reconnaissance, the project presen…
Preliminary Report on the Survey of Hajjiabad-Varamin, a Site of the Konar Sandal Settlement Network (Jiroft, Kerman, Iran)
The purpose of this article is to introduce the large prehistoric site of Hajjiabad-Varamin, its changes in time and the first discoveries made there, in the specific literature on the early Bronze Age of the south-eastern Iranian Plateau. The first part of the article describes the site, its present damaged conditions, the periodisation we adopted and the complex topographic shifts and changes of functions through time. The second part focuses o…
Animal Scavenging as Social Metaphor
A fragmentary large chlorite vessel of the Halil Rud valley civilization (Kerman, Iran, mid third millenniumbc), found in unknown circumstances and recently recovered by the police forces of Iran, is discussed in the wider scenario of coeval animal iconographies of middle and southwest Asia. Beginning from the imagery carved in the two superimposed friezes of the reassembled fragments, we review the different theoretical approaches in interpretat…
The Ceramic Context of a “Jiroft” Style Chlorite Vessel
International audience
Tales of Three Worlds - Archaeology and Beyond: Asia, Italy, Africa
Tales of Three Worlds - Archaeology and Beyond
The Bronze age amber industry in northern Italy in light of high-resolution 3D imaging
We summarize here the preliminary results of the experimental application of high-resolution 3D imaging to the study and reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of amber bead-making in the northern Italian peninsula in the 2nd millennium BC. Amber, an unusually soft raw material that is highly sensible to any kind of physical and chemical change, records a spectrum of archaeological information that was almost unimaginable until recently. We show…
Wine consumption in Bronze Age Italy
Shades of black
The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia
Ancient human movements through Asia Ancient DNA has allowed us to begin tracing the history of human movements across the globe. Narasimhan et al. identify a complex pattern of human migrations and admixture events in South and Central Asia by performing genetic analysis of more than 500 people who lived over the past 8000 years (see the Perspective by Schaefer and Shapiro). They establish key phases in the population prehistory of Eurasia, incl…
Ratnagar S. 2016. Harappan archaeology. Early state perspectives. New Delhi
The author, since her Enquiries in the political organization of the Harappan society (1991), has devoted a great part of her research to investigate the most relevant cruces of our limited understanding of the societies who developed in the Indus Valley along the 3rd millennium BC. This book is entirely aimed at going deeper into the still unresolved question of the nature and political forms assumed by Early Bronze Age states (or city-states) o…
Retracted Article
Retraction: Sequential Casting Using Multiple Materials: A Bronze Age “Royal Sceptre” from the Halil Rud Valley (Kerman, Iran)We, the Editor[s] and Publisher of Iran, have retracted the following article:Nasir Eskandari, Francois Desset, Lara Maritan, Arnaldo Cherubini, & Massimo Vidale, Sequential Casting Using Multiple Materials: A Bronze Age “Royal Sceptre” from the Halil Rud Valley (Kerman, Iran), Iran (2019), doi: 10.1080/05786967.2019.16054…
Sequential Casting Using Multiple Materials
This paper deals with a unique artefact currently on exhibit at the archaeological Museum of Jiroft (Kerman, Iran), a large-sized copper or bronze staff inlaid with shell mosaics of contrasting colours. Unfortunately, as it was confiscated with many other objects by the Iranian security forces from illegal excavators, nothing is known of the whereabouts or context of its discovery. It might be one of the largest copper artefacts ever found in Bro…
From clays to pots
The Elamite World
Naram-Sin's enemy is also my enemy, Naram-Sin's friend is also my friend.
Contemporary stone beadmaking in Khambhat, India
Archaeologists studying early urban societies have long used the concept of craft specialization as an important indicator of social stratification, centralized control of production and indirectly, state level organization. However, new interpretive models need to be developed in order to understand socio‐economic developments in the prehistoric period. The stone beadmaking industry of Khambhat, India, provides a modern example of a traditional …
Cultural Relationships beyond the Iranian Plateau
This paper presents a systematic review of the archaeological evidence for cultural interaction between the Helmand and the Indus during the 3rd millennium BCE. A series of artefacts found at Shahr-i Sokhta and nearby sites (Iranian Seistan) that were presumably imported from Baluchistan and the Indus domain are discussed, together with finds from the French excavations at Mundigak (Kandahar, Afghanistan) that might have the same origin. Other ar…
Wine consumption in Bronze Age Italy
The iceman as a burial
Since his discovery in 1991 the iceman has been widely seen as meeting a dramatic end - mortally wounded by an arrow shot while attempting to flee through an Alpine pass. A careful study of all the located grave goods, here planned comprehensively for the first time, points strongly towards the scene as one of a ceremonial burial, subsequently dispersed by thawing and gravity. The whole assemblage thus takes on another aspect - not a casual trage…
A Chlorite Container Found on the Surface of Shahdad (Kerman, Iran) and its Cosmetic Content
International audience
Cosmetics and Cosmetology at Shahr-I Sokhta
A set of X-rays Diffraction and SEM investigations of the contents of thirteen stone flagons at Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran, third millennium BC) demonstrates that they held cosmetic substances. A surprisingly varied list of mixtures of mineral phases (natural and possibly synthetic) indicates the use of green, blue, and white pigments. After discussing the typology of the stone flagons, their geographical distribution and morphological changes …
Th Millennium BC Lapis Lazuli Working at Mehrgarh, Pakistan
The paper describes the lapis lazuli industry recovered by the French archaeological mission at Mehrgarh on the surface of the site MR2, dating to the IVth millennium ВС. This find represents one of the earliest lapis lazuli bead making assemblages in South Asia, and it shows the involvement of the Kachi plain region in the production of luxury ornaments since comparatively ancient periods. We attempt to outline a basic reconstruction of the bead…
A surface collection at Chegerdak, a Bronze Age centre in the Jazmurian basin (South-Eastern Iran)
We describe a ceramic collection gathered during a preliminary visit to the site of Chegerdak, in the southern piedmont of the Jazmurian depression (Sistan-Baluchistan, South-Eastern Iran). Chegerdak is one of the many prehistoric locations of Jazmurian that in recent times were affected by extensive lootings of important cemeteries and settlement sites. The ceramics collected on surface witness a local settlement that flourished for a good part …
From the Shell to its Content
Preliminary Report on the Survey of Hajjiabad-Varamin, a Site of the Konar Sandal Settlement Network (Jiroft, Kerman, Iran)
The purpose of this article is to introduce the large prehistoric site of Hajjiabad-Varamin, its changes in time and the first discoveries made there, in the specific literature on the early Bronze Age of the south-eastern Iranian Plateau. The first part of the article describes the site, its present damaged conditions, the periodisation we adopted and the complex topographic shifts and changes of functions through time. The second part focuses o…
Shades of black
Mahtoutabad III (Province of Kerman, Iran)
During recent excavations in the third-millennium BC plundered graveyard of Mahtoutabad, next to Konar Sandal (Kerman, Iran), the authors excavated layers with Uruk-related ceramics. The types include bevel-rim bowls, flowerpots, low-sided trays, nose-lugged jars and other types previously encountered at several other contemporary sites in highland Iran. This new material is presented here with some preliminary comments on the general picture of …
PG 1237, Royal Cemetery of Ur
This article discusses the identity of the people buried in the Great Death Pit PG 1237, a mass grave of the Royal Cemetery of Ur, and the ways they died and entered the shaft. Admittedly, the evidence required to positively solve the many taphonomic and osteological questions involved does not exist, because of the way the site was excavated and published in the early twentieth century. Nonetheless, the original excavators’ skill and unquestione…
Production Technologies and Provenance of Ceramic Materials from the Earliest Foundry of Pre-Roman Padua, NE Italy
The earliest foundry site of Pre-Roman Padua, in the Veneto region (north-eastern Italy), provided evidence of craft activities and residential areas dated between the end of the 9th and 1st centuries BCE. Common and fine wares were found, most of them belonging to two main ceramic classes: (i) highly dark-colored bodies with silicate inclusions; (ii) carbonate-tempered pots. Macroscopic and petrographic (POM) descriptions and spectroscopy—minera…
From clays to pots
Bronze Age glyptics of Eastern Jazmurian, Iran
Nous publions ici 29 cachets, complets ou fragmentaires, en alliage cuivreux et argentifère, et 19 scellements de cachets, provenant de trois sites du Jazmurian central et oriental (Chegerdak, Spidej et Keshik), dans le Balochistan iranien. Bien qu’ils soient tous issus de contextes perturbés par des fouilles irrégulières, ces sceaux et scellements que l’on peut dater entre la première moitié du 3e millénaire et le début du 2e millénaire av. J.-C…
De-constructing Terracotta Female Figurines
We report the results of detailed imaging studies of the inner structure of a terracotta female figurine dated to the 6 th millennium BC, most probably from the Lakes region of Turkey, now kept at the National Museum of Oriental Art "Giuseppe Tucci", Rome. The figurine was investigated with advanced CT scanning, recording 966 transversal sections. Each section was stratigraphically interpreted and digitized, reconstructing in three dimensions the…
On the use of tokens and seals along the Kopet Dagh piedmont, Turkmenistan (ca 6000-3000 BCE)
Cet article présente les témoignages archéologiques de techniques administratives du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze au pied du Kopet Dagh (Turkménistan méridional). Nous passons en revue les découvertes publiées significatives (différents types de jetons, sceaux, empreintes), en intégrant de nouveaux jetons de pierre et un «cachet-amulette » , trouvés en 1999 lors de notre prospection sur le site d’Ilgynly-depe, daté du Chalcolithique moyen. Le no…
Ilgynly-depe (Turkmenistan) and the 4th Millennium BC Metallurgy of Central Asia
À la surface du site d’Ilgynly-depe (Turkménistan méridional) nous avons identifié un groupe d’objets qui témoigne de plusieurs activités métallurgiques exécutées sur place. Environ 100 objets ont été enregistrés spatialement et recueillis. Les pièces ont été étudiées en détail selon des techniques analytiques de base. Ces objets peuvent être attribués au milieu du IVe millénaire avant J.-C. Cette découverte fournit une nouvelle vision de la méta…
Copper-melting crucibles from the surface of Altyn-Depe, Turkmenistan ( ca 2500-2000 BC)
Ten crucible fragments collected at a single location on the surface of Altyn-Depe, most probably datable to the second half of the 3rd millennium BC, have been studied and analysed by the means of different techniques. The research provides new information on Middle Bronze Age (Namazga V) copper-based metallurgy at this important southern Turkmenian early urban site
A Glimpse on Copper and Lead Metalworking at Altyn-Depe (Turkmenistan) in the 3rd Millennium Bc
Study on stone beads from the Rabat cemetery in Uzbekistan
Drilling stone vessels in third-millennium BC Iran
Stone vessels were widely used across the Middle East and East Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. Production sites in Egypt have been extensively studied but the evidence for other regional manufacturing centres, including the eastern Iranian Plateau, is less well understood. The authors report on an extensive craft activity area found at Hajjiabad-Varamin, Kerman Province, with evidence for the large-scale production of vessels made of translu…
Sequential Casting Using Multiple Materials
This paper deals with a unique artefact currently on exhibit at the archaeological Museum of Jiroft (Kerman, Iran), a large-sized copper or bronze staff inlaid with shell mosaics of contrasting colours. Unfortunately, as it was confiscated with many other objects by the Iranian security forces from illegal excavators, nothing is known of the whereabouts or context of its discovery. It might be one of the largest copper artefacts ever found in Bro…
A Preliminary Note on the Metallography and Chemical Analysis of Silver Samples from the Mahboubian Collection, London
This is the chemico-physical examination of 13 samples collected from the early 2nd millennium BC Linear Elamite inscribed silver gunagi vessels of the Mahboubian collection (see Desset; preceding paper). Chemical composition of the silver-copper alloys as well as their physical microstructure are considered here
Th Millennium BC Lapis Lazuli Working at Mehrgarh, Pakistan
The paper describes the lapis lazuli industry recovered by the French archaeological mission at Mehrgarh on the surface of the site MR2, dating to the IVth millennium ВС. This find represents one of the earliest lapis lazuli bead making assemblages in South Asia, and it shows the involvement of the Kachi plain region in the production of luxury ornaments since comparatively ancient periods. We attempt to outline a basic reconstruction of the bead…
Contemporary stone beadmaking in Khambhat, India
Archaeologists studying early urban societies have long used the concept of craft specialization as an important indicator of social stratification, centralized control of production and indirectly, state level organization. However, new interpretive models need to be developed in order to understand socio‐economic developments in the prehistoric period. The stone beadmaking industry of Khambhat, India, provides a modern example of a traditional …
From the Shell to its Content
A Glimpse on Copper and Lead Metalworking at Altyn-Depe (Turkmenistan) in the 3rd Millennium Bc
Copper-melting crucibles from the surface of Altyn-Depe, Turkmenistan ( ca 2500-2000 BC)
Ten crucible fragments collected at a single location on the surface of Altyn-Depe, most probably datable to the second half of the 3rd millennium BC, have been studied and analysed by the means of different techniques. The research provides new information on Middle Bronze Age (Namazga V) copper-based metallurgy at this important southern Turkmenian early urban site
Cultural Relationships beyond the Iranian Plateau
This paper presents a systematic review of the archaeological evidence for cultural interaction between the Helmand and the Indus during the 3rd millennium BCE. A series of artefacts found at Shahr-i Sokhta and nearby sites (Iranian Seistan) that were presumably imported from Baluchistan and the Indus domain are discussed, together with finds from the French excavations at Mundigak (Kandahar, Afghanistan) that might have the same origin. Other ar…
Ilgynly-depe (Turkmenistan) and the 4th Millennium BC Metallurgy of Central Asia
À la surface du site d’Ilgynly-depe (Turkménistan méridional) nous avons identifié un groupe d’objets qui témoigne de plusieurs activités métallurgiques exécutées sur place. Environ 100 objets ont été enregistrés spatialement et recueillis. Les pièces ont été étudiées en détail selon des techniques analytiques de base. Ces objets peuvent être attribués au milieu du IVe millénaire avant J.-C. Cette découverte fournit une nouvelle vision de la méta…
Aspects of Palace Life at Mohenjo-Daro
In Indus urban sites, monumental buildings (with famous exceptions such as the ‘Great Bath’ at Mohenjo-Daro or the ‘Granary’ at Harappa) are often difficult to distinguish from surrounding constructions, and their functions remain quite uncertain. Ninety years ago archaeologists failed to appreciate the complex interlocking among ancient floors and trampling surfaces, wall foundations and earthen fillings created by continuous rebuilding. However…
The iceman as a burial
Since his discovery in 1991 the iceman has been widely seen as meeting a dramatic end - mortally wounded by an arrow shot while attempting to flee through an Alpine pass. A careful study of all the located grave goods, here planned comprehensively for the first time, points strongly towards the scene as one of a ceremonial burial, subsequently dispersed by thawing and gravity. The whole assemblage thus takes on another aspect - not a casual trage…
PG 1237, Royal Cemetery of Ur
This article discusses the identity of the people buried in the Great Death Pit PG 1237, a mass grave of the Royal Cemetery of Ur, and the ways they died and entered the shaft. Admittedly, the evidence required to positively solve the many taphonomic and osteological questions involved does not exist, because of the way the site was excavated and published in the early twentieth century. Nonetheless, the original excavators’ skill and unquestione…
A Chlorite Container Found on the Surface of Shahdad (Kerman, Iran) and its Cosmetic Content
International audience
Harappan Chimaeras as ‘Symbolic Hypertexts’. Some Thoughts on Plato, Chimaera and the Indus Civilization
This paper presents an analysis and interpretation of the so-called Harappan chimaera, one of the most peculiar and elaborate iconographies of Indus Civilization (c. 2600–1900 BCE). It is represented on many stamp seals of fired steatite and corresponding clay sealings, terracotta tablets in bas-relief, copper tablets, and tokens. The Harappan chimaera was composed of body parts derived from different animals, as well as humans and other fantasti…
Integrating Non-Destructive Ion Beam Analysis Methods and AMS Radiocarbon Dating for the Study of Ancient Bronze Statues
Analytical methods based on particle accelerators are widely used in cultural heritage diagnostics and archaeological sciences from the absolute dating of organic materials by means of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to the analysis of the elemental composition of a wide range of materials (metals, obsidians, pottery) via ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques. At CEDAD (Centre for Dating and Diagnostics), the accelerator facility of …
Mahtoutabad III (Province of Kerman, Iran)
During recent excavations in the third-millennium BC plundered graveyard of Mahtoutabad, next to Konar Sandal (Kerman, Iran), the authors excavated layers with Uruk-related ceramics. The types include bevel-rim bowls, flowerpots, low-sided trays, nose-lugged jars and other types previously encountered at several other contemporary sites in highland Iran. This new material is presented here with some preliminary comments on the general picture of …
On the use of tokens and seals along the Kopet Dagh piedmont, Turkmenistan (ca 6000-3000 BCE)
Cet article présente les témoignages archéologiques de techniques administratives du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze au pied du Kopet Dagh (Turkménistan méridional). Nous passons en revue les découvertes publiées significatives (différents types de jetons, sceaux, empreintes), en intégrant de nouveaux jetons de pierre et un «cachet-amulette » , trouvés en 1999 lors de notre prospection sur le site d’Ilgynly-depe, daté du Chalcolithique moyen. Le no…
De-constructing Terracotta Female Figurines
We report the results of detailed imaging studies of the inner structure of a terracotta female figurine dated to the 6 th millennium BC, most probably from the Lakes region of Turkey, now kept at the National Museum of Oriental Art "Giuseppe Tucci", Rome. The figurine was investigated with advanced CT scanning, recording 966 transversal sections. Each section was stratigraphically interpreted and digitized, reconstructing in three dimensions the…
Indus Components in the Iconography of a White Marble Cylinder Seal from Konar Sandal South (Kerman, Iran)
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the iconography carved on a cylinder seal found in a metallurgical site within the archaeological complex of Konar Sandal South, near Jiroft, in the Halil river valley of the Kerman province, south-eastern Iran. This seal is made of a whitish marble and – even if heavily worn by use – it retains traces of different animal figures. These animals represent the translation into local style of a rare but cha…
A surface collection at Chegerdak, a Bronze Age centre in the Jazmurian basin (South-Eastern Iran)
We describe a ceramic collection gathered during a preliminary visit to the site of Chegerdak, in the southern piedmont of the Jazmurian depression (Sistan-Baluchistan, South-Eastern Iran). Chegerdak is one of the many prehistoric locations of Jazmurian that in recent times were affected by extensive lootings of important cemeteries and settlement sites. The ceramics collected on surface witness a local settlement that flourished for a good part …
Cosmetics and Cosmetology at Shahr-I Sokhta
A set of X-rays Diffraction and SEM investigations of the contents of thirteen stone flagons at Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran, third millennium BC) demonstrates that they held cosmetic substances. A surprisingly varied list of mixtures of mineral phases (natural and possibly synthetic) indicates the use of green, blue, and white pigments. After discussing the typology of the stone flagons, their geographical distribution and morphological changes …
A Sculpted Dish from Tello Made of a Rare Stone (Louvre–AO 153)
Publication of a unique sculpted dish from Tello, ancient Girsu; study of a series of object stilistically related; study of a number of artifacts made of the same stone; discussion of the winged disk motif, which occurs as an ornament on lions' shoulders
A “Priest King” at Shahr-i Sokhta
Micromorphologies of amber beads
Eine Reihe bronzezeitlicher Bernsteinperlen von zwei unterschiedlichen norditalienischen Fundplätzen wurde mit optischer und opto-digitaler Mikroskopie für hochauflösende 3D-Bilder, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie mittels extrem feiner Silikonabgüsse der Durchlochungen untersucht. Die Ausgüsse belegen die Verwendung eines glühenden Werkzeugs, das Spuren an den Innenwänden der Perforationen hinterließ, dies ungeachtet des Abriebs aufgrund der Ke…
Protohistoric graveyards of the Swat Valley, Pakistan
The Elamite World
Naram-Sin's enemy is also my enemy, Naram-Sin's friend is also my friend.
Walking with the Unicorn: Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia
Archaeology (41 obras) · History (34 obras) · Geography (33 obras) · Ancient history (30 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (29 obras) · Eurasian Exchange Networks (21 obras) · Art (19 obras) · History (19 obras) · Ancient Near East History (18 obras) · Geology (16 obras)