R Smith
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1727 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | R Smith |
| NOMBRES | R |
| APELLIDO | Smith |
| FIRMA | SMITH R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Exeter |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3837-6559 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 76 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 247 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 76 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1954 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
The impact of fiscal food policies on the macro-economy
The UK government announced the ‘Soft Drinks Industry Levy’ (SDIL), a tiered tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), in 2016 and implemented the tax in 2018. Traditional economic assessments of SSB tax interventions focus on assessing healthcare cost implications using the standard Cost-of-Illness methodology. No studies have so far attempted to apply macroeconomic assessment methods to assess net macroeconomic impacts of SSB taxes, including an…
Designing fiscal policies for health and climate
Current food systems contribute to poor diets, that are the leading global risk factor for ill health and premature mortality, while also accelerating climate change. We simulated demand responses to food taxes and subsidies in Great Britain assessing co-benefits and trade-offs across nutrition and environmental outcomes. Six co-created policy scenarios included taxes on less-healthy and higher-carbon foods, and subsidies for healthier, lower-car…
‘It takes you to the limit’
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to understand symptom experiences, illness narratives, and help-seeking behaviours in women living with systemic symptoms associated with their breast implants (SSBI) and seeking explant surgery. METHODS AND MEASURES: Patients for this study were recruited from a larger prospective comparative study on SSBI over a 3-year period. Semi-structured qualitative interviews using an adapted version of the McGil…
Characterising public opinion for food-based fiscal policies in the UK
Various fiscal policies have been proposed to incentivise healthy and sustainable diets, with differing proposed attributes and levels. Public support can influence the ability for such policies to be implemented but is currently poorly understood, so two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were used to measure such preferences among 2,020 adults in the UK. The attributes and levels for 192 policy options were identified using a scoping review tha…
“It does help but there's a limit …”
Our findings suggest that although young people find management zones acceptable and believe they have some positive impact on diet, they did not perceive management zones as effective as they could be. Participants articulated that the management of takeaways on their own is unlikely to reduce exposure to unhealthy foods. Widening the remit of planning policy to include outlets selling convenience foods may be important for policy optimisation
International perspectives on the meaning of engagement in biotechnology risk assessment
Biotechnology remains challenging for risk assessors. The risk assessment of genetically modified organisms was the locus of considerable, acrimonious, and politicised debate and subjected to intense scrutiny. Since then, biotechnology has evolved to include new tools, such as genome editing and gene drive, and risk assessors are more sensitive to stakeholder and public views. While engagement is increasingly recognised as important in risk gover…
Impact of calorie labelling on online takeaway food choices
Eating out-of-home is linked to higher calorie intake and body weight, risk factors for obesity, diabetes and other diseases. This study examined whether providing calorie information on online takeaway food menus leads to lower-calorie food choices. A Menu-based Choice Experiment was conducted in November 2022 among 1040 online takeaway consumers in England (Kantar's Worldpanel Out of Home Purchase Panel). Each participant chose their preferred …
Changes in the number of new takeaway food outlets associated with adoption of management zones around schools
By the end of 2017, 35 local authorities (LAs) across England had adopted takeaway management zones (or "exclusion zones") around schools as a means to curb proliferation of new takeaways. In this nationwide, natural experimental study, we evaluated the impact of management zones on takeaway retail, including unintended displacement of takeaways to areas immediately beyond management zones, and impacts on chain fast-food outlets. We used uncontro…
Anticipatory stakeholder engagement provides insights for gene drive in invasive species through the case of gene drive grey squirrels
Invasive and non-native species present a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem services and quality of life that has resulted in calls for more ambitious and radical management approaches. One such approach is gene drive technology that in theory could remove an invasive species from an ecosystem. In 2019, researchers proposed using gene drive technology to remove invasive grey squirrels from the UK. We use this case to explore what expert sta…
Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England
In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets. K…
The adoption and implementation of local government planning policy to manage hot food takeaways near schools in England
Although sometimes challenging, the policies were commonly described as feasible to implement. However, they may not completely prevent new takeaways opening, particularly where takeaways are relied upon to enhance local economies or where takeaway businesses find alternative ways to operate. Nevertheless, the policies can serve to shift the balance of power that currently favours commercial interests over public health priorities
The politics of agricultural policy and nutrition
The concept of food and nutrition policy has broadened from simply being an aspect of health policy, to policy interventions from across a wide range of sectors, but still with potentially important impact on nutritional outcomes. This wider and more complex conceptualisation involves policy with multiple objectives and stakeholder influences. Thus, it becomes particularly important to understand the dynamics of these policy processes, including …
A multi-country comparison of jurisdictions with and without mandatory nutrition labelling policies in restaurants
Objective: To examine differences in noticing and use of nutrition information comparing jurisdictions with and without mandatory menu labelling policies and examine differences among sociodemographic groups. Design: Cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study (IFPS) online survey. Setting: IFPS participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom and USA in 2019. Participants: Adults aged 18–99; n 19 393. Results: Partic…
Governing beyond the project
This article analyses how a recent idiom of innovation governance, 'responsible innovation', is enacted in practice, how this shapes innovation processes, and what aspects of innovation are left untouched. Within this idiom, funders typically focus on one point in an innovation system: researchers in projects. However, the more transformational aspirations of responsible innovation are circumscribed by this context. Adopting a mode of critique th…
How states engage in and exercise power in global health
While long overlooked, power is central to understand how actors engage in global health policymaking. We reviewed how the Japanese and Indonesian governments exerted power and engaged in global health diplomacy during negotiations to conceptualize the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal for health (SDG3). We conducted deliberative policy analysis including semi-structured, in-depth, interviews with more than 71 policymakers, which we analyzed…
Like parent, like child
Objective: Most research investigating sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and health, conducted at the individual or household level, ignores potentially important intra-household dynamics. We analysed self-reported consumption relationships between children and adults, and between children of different ages, as well as the associations between intra-household consumption, BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Design: A cross-sectional analysis …
The political economy of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in Latin America
BACKGROUND: In Latin America, total sales of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) continue to rise at an alarming rate. Consumption of added sugar is a leading cause of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Coalitions of stakeholders have formed in several countries in the region to address this public health challenge including participation of civil society organizations and transnational corporations. Little is currently known about these…
Escaping the Red Queen
Public health advocates highlight the role of corporate actors and food marketing in shaping diets and health. This study analyses insider-oriented communications in food industry magazines in the UK to analyse actions and narratives related to health and nutrition, providing insights into relatively overlooked areas of marketing strategy including inter-firm dynamics. From a sample of four specialized food industry magazines covering the main in…
Taking knowledge production seriously in responsible research and innovation
Responsible research and innovation (RRI) has been the preferred idiom for interrogating the social, ethical and political dimensions of science, technology and innovation for roughly a decade. The uptake of RRI into prominent policy organisations has resulted in a proliferation of policy frameworks as policy makers have attempted to articulate what it means for them to enact RRI. Here, we draw on our experience developing an RRI framework in the…
Responsible research and innovation meets multispecies studies
We offer an argument for why responsible research and innovation should be in conversation with multispecies studies. We suggest that RRI can learn from multispecies studies to expand definitions of stakeholders and responsibilities, thereby including other creatures in conversations and frameworks where they are currently missing. In addition, the RRI community might benefit from exploring conceptual overlaps between RRI and multispecies studies…
Have socio-economic inequalities in sugar purchasing widened? A longitudinal analysis of food and beverage consumer data from British households, 2014–2017
Objective: To examine socio-economic inequalities in decreases in household sugar purchasing in Great Britain (GB). Design: Longitudinal, population-based study. Setting: Data were obtained from the GB Kantar Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) panel (2014–2017), a nationally representative panel study of food and beverages bought and brought into the home. We estimated changes in daily sugar purchases by occupational social grade from twenty-three…
Global-scale action in health
Health Policy and Planning, doi: 10.1093/heapol/czaa090 In the originally published version of this manuscript, author Robert Marten’s affiliation was incorrect. The affiliation has been changed to: “Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH, UK” in the online version.
The impact of Covid-19, associated behaviours and policies on the UK economy
We estimate the potential impact of COVID-19 on the United Kingdom economy, including direct disease effects, preventive public actions and associated policies. A sectoral, whole-economy macroeconomic model was linked to a population-wide epidemiological demographic model to assess the potential macroeconomic impact of COVID-19, together with policies to mitigate or suppress the pandemic by means of home quarantine, school closures, social distan…
Reducing consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages through banning price promotions
Objective: Increasing prevalence of overweight and obese people in England has led policymakers to consider regulating the use of price promotions on foods high in fat, sugar and salt content. In January 2019, the government opened a consultation programme for a policy proposal that significantly restricts the use of price promotions that can induce consumers to buy higher volumes of unhealthy foods and beverages. These proposed policies are the …
Understanding and assessing uncertainty of observational climate datasets for model evaluation using ensembles
In climate science, observational gridded climate datasets that are based on in situ measurements serve as evidence for scientific claims and they are used to both calibrate and evaluate models. However, datasets only represent selected aspects of the real world, so when they are used for a specific purpose they can be a source of uncertainty. Here, we present a framework for understanding this uncertainty of observational datasets which distingu…
Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks
Contracting for Services in a Decentralized System
Public management is changing rapidly due to the extensive privatization of public services through government contracting with private organizations and the devolution of the funding and administration of government programs to states and localities. These trends are spurred by a belief in the salutary effects of market competition and local decision making on public services. This article presents research on contracting for substance abuse ser…
Why do medical tourists travel to where they do? The role of networks in determining medical travel
Welfarism, extra-welfarism and capability
International patients within the NHS
Developing a Capability-Based Questionnaire for Assessing Well-Being in Patients with Chronic Pain
Estimating the economic impact of pandemic influenza
The World We Have Gained
Temporary Crises and Priority Changes
Many doubts have been expressed about the capacity of states to administer federally supported social service programs. This article relies on institutional theory, punctuated equilibrium theory, and evidence from two states to analyze the way states administer the programs in times of fiscal crisis. The particular context is the fiscal crisis of the early 2000s in substance abuse programs. The analysis suggest that, during the crisis, state admi…
Biology and Values in Interwar Britain
1Lancaster University, Institute of the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
An economic perspective on policy to reduce antimicrobial resistance
The Role of Performance Indicators in Housing Management
In this paper an evaluation of the housing management performance indicators regime in the United Kingdom is provided. First, the context in which performance measurement in the housing service in the United Kingdom has developed is set and lessons are drawn from the use of statutory indicators following the Local Government and Housing Act 1989. By examining the performance indicator regime in Wales it is suggested that the regime is flawed beca…
Viewpoint
Fat tax or thin subsidy? How price increases and decreases affect the energy and nutrient content of food and beverage purchases in Great Britain
Socio-economic patterning of expenditures on 'out-of-home' food and non-alcoholic beverages by product and place of purchase in Britain
Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England
In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets. K…
Palm oil and dietary change
Palm oil is a cooking oil and food ingredient in widespread use in the global food system. However, as a highly saturated fat, palm oil consumption has been associated with negative effects on cardiovascular health, while large scale oil palm production has been linked to deforestation. We construct an innovative fully integrated Macroeconomic-Environmental-Demographic-health (MED-health) model to undertake integrated health, environmental, and e…
How much priority is given to nutrition and health in the EU Common Agricultural Policy
Agriculture in the European Union (EU) is strongly influenced by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). There have been repeated calls for CAP to address nutrition-related health, particularly obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) in the EU. However, aligning agricultural policy such as CAP with nutrition is complex, not least because the aims of agricultural policy are predominantly economic, presenting a challenge for developing coherence b…
On the numerical forms of contingent valuation responses
Empty Dwellings
In recent years there has been growing political concern with questions of effective stock utilization and the issue of empty housing. However, our knowledge of the scale and nature of the problem remains limited, particularly as regards the private sector. There is a dearth of reliable information on privately owned vacant property, which undermines local policy responses. One source of information which is available to local authorities are loc…
Impact of calorie labelling on online takeaway food choices
Eating out-of-home is linked to higher calorie intake and body weight, risk factors for obesity, diabetes and other diseases. This study examined whether providing calorie information on online takeaway food menus leads to lower-calorie food choices. A Menu-based Choice Experiment was conducted in November 2022 among 1040 online takeaway consumers in England (Kantar's Worldpanel Out of Home Purchase Panel). Each participant chose their preferred …
The adoption and implementation of local government planning policy to manage hot food takeaways near schools in England
Although sometimes challenging, the policies were commonly described as feasible to implement. However, they may not completely prevent new takeaways opening, particularly where takeaways are relied upon to enhance local economies or where takeaway businesses find alternative ways to operate. Nevertheless, the policies can serve to shift the balance of power that currently favours commercial interests over public health priorities
Governing beyond the project
This article analyses how a recent idiom of innovation governance, 'responsible innovation', is enacted in practice, how this shapes innovation processes, and what aspects of innovation are left untouched. Within this idiom, funders typically focus on one point in an innovation system: researchers in projects. However, the more transformational aspirations of responsible innovation are circumscribed by this context. Adopting a mode of critique th…
The welfare implications of public healthcare financing
Studies on global health and development suggest that there is a strong correlation between the burden of disease and a country's level of income. Poorer countries tend to suffer more deaths from preventable causes such as communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions, compared with high-income countries. In low-income countries, the government health expenditure share in the general government budget is low and out-of-pocket payme…
Concepts of Capability and Overlooked Applications
We read with interest the recent paper by Ruger on conceptualizing and operationalizing health capability. She stated that ‘‘No work to date has developed a conceptual model or health capability profile leading to methods for addressing health capability deprivations,’’ and then goes on to develop such a model and profile. We agree that literature in this area is limited but draw readers’ attention to a number of articles from the health economic…
Some Recent Discoveries in Novgorod
Journal Article Some Recent Discoveries in Novgorod Get access R. Smith R. Smith University of Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 5, Issue 1, November 1954, Pages 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/5.1.1 Published: 01 November 1954
Russian Social Science Reader
Anthropology and the Concept of Social Class
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
The World We Have Gained
Empty Dwellings
In recent years there has been growing political concern with questions of effective stock utilization and the issue of empty housing. However, our knowledge of the scale and nature of the problem remains limited, particularly as regards the private sector. There is a dearth of reliable information on privately owned vacant property, which undermines local policy responses. One source of information which is available to local authorities are loc…
Recognizing illicit drug use by pregnant women
OBJECTIVES. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of recognized prenatal illicit substance abuse and the characteristics of women being identified as illicit drug users in a statewide population-based cohort. METHODS. During a 1-month period, birth attendants of all singleton births in Oregon (n = 3200) were surveyed regarding their knowledge of prenatal illicit drug use by women who gave birth. Birth certificates were linked to s…
The Role of Performance Indicators in Housing Management
In this paper an evaluation of the housing management performance indicators regime in the United Kingdom is provided. First, the context in which performance measurement in the housing service in the United Kingdom has developed is set and lessons are drawn from the use of statutory indicators following the Local Government and Housing Act 1989. By examining the performance indicator regime in Wales it is suggested that the regime is flawed beca…
Contracting for Services in a Decentralized System
Public management is changing rapidly due to the extensive privatization of public services through government contracting with private organizations and the devolution of the funding and administration of government programs to states and localities. These trends are spurred by a belief in the salutary effects of market competition and local decision making on public services. This article presents research on contracting for substance abuse ser…
Sexual dimorphism inAteles paniscusbody mass
Workers on the Line
Workers on the Line: Teaching Industrial History at the Tsongas Industrial History Center and Lowell National Historical Park Rick Smith, Rick Smith Rick Smith is a park ranger in the Education District at Lowell National Historical Park. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter O'Connell Peter O'Connell Peter O'Connell is the Director of the Tsongas Industrial History Center. Search for other works by this a…
Re
An economic perspective on policy to reduce antimicrobial resistance
Limits to medicine. Medical nemesis
into the positive attributes of health
Biology and Values in Interwar Britain
1Lancaster University, Institute of the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Communicable disease control
Despite the increasing 'globalization' of health, the responsibility for it remains primarily national, generating a potential mismatch between global health problems and current institutions and mechanisms to deal with them. The 'Global Public Good' (GPG) concept has been suggested as a framework to address this mismatch in different areas of public policy. This paper considers the application of the GPG concept as an organizing principle for co…
Foreign direct investment and trade in health services
Foreign direct investment and trade in health services
Launching the Fogarty International Center International Tobacco Control Research and Training Program
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the focal point for medical research in the United States. Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers, and with a budget of more than $28 billion in fiscal year 2005, the NIH provides funding to biomedical and behavioural institutions and scientists in all 50 states, the US territories and many foreign countries. The Fogarty International Center (FIC) is unique at the NIH in that its mission exclusively focus…
Trade and public health
It is vital that public health professionals engage with issues concerning trade organisations and treaties
Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks
Global public goods and the global health agenda
The 'global public good' (GPG) concept has gained increasing attention, in health as well as development circles. However, it has suffered in finding currency as a general tool for global resource mobilisation, and is at risk of being attached to almost anything promoting development. This overstretches and devalues the validity and usefulness of the concept. This paper first defines GPGs and describes the policy challenge that they pose. Second,…
Self-Reported Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (Epic-Norfolk)
Objective: To explore the relationship between self-reported mental functional health and mortality. Methods: Participants included 17,777 men and women aged 40 to 79 years at baseline who lived in Norfolk, UK, and had no known cardiovascular disease or cancer, and completed the anglicized Short Form 36-item questionnaire (UK SF-36) during 1996 to 2000 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk prospective population study. We …
Fruit and vegetable consumption and self-reported functional health in men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer–Norfolk (Epic–Norfolk)
Objectives To investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and self-reported physical and mental functional health measured by an anglicised short-form 36-item questionnaire (UK SF-36). Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting General community in Norfolk, UK. Subjects A total of 16 792 men and women aged 40–79 years recruited from general practice population registers as part of the European Prospective Inves…
On the numerical forms of contingent valuation responses
CCRI Sample Designs and Sample Point Identification, Data Entry, and Reporting (SPIDER) Software
The Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI) began with the development of designs for large representative samples of the decennial census from 1911 to 1951 and continued with the development of sophisticated SPIDER software for data entry and processing. This work builds on previous research projects in several ways, including the use of digital images within an integrated suite of Java-based software programs. By describing the theoreti…
Economics (39 obras) · Medicine (36 obras) · Political science (34 obras) · Business (31 obras) · Economic growth (26 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Environmental health (18 obras) · Computer Science (16 obras) · Public health (15 obras) · Geography (14 obras)