Jennifer R Havens
Biographic Data
| ID | 1729387 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennifer R Havens |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennifer R |
| FAMILY NAME | Havens |
| SIGNATURE | HAVENS J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kentucky |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1753-7280 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 59 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants in a hepatitis C treatment trial in rural Kentucky
INTRODUCTION: The advent of curative direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat those actively infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has allowed for discussion around HCV elimination. Restrictive state-by-state policies for the coverage of DAAs for Medicaid recipients may hamper elimination efforts in the United States by limiting access to these curative treatments. METHODS: The purpose of the current analysis was to examine the sociodemog…
Changing Trends in Nonmedical Gabapentin Use Among a Cohort of Rural Appalachian People Who Use Drugs
Potential impact of curative and preventive interventions toward hepatitis C elimination in people who inject drugs–A network modeling study
DAA treatments are effective in reducing both prevalence and incidence of HCV infection in PWID, but preventive interventions play a significant role in reducing incidence when intervention coverage is low. Increasing coverage, including efforts in reaching individuals with the most injection partners, preventing reinfection, and improving compliance and retention in preventive services can substantially improve the outcomes. PWID network charact…
Medicaid Policy and Hepatitis C Treatment Among Rural People Who Use Drugs
BACKGROUND: Restrictive Medicaid policies regarding hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment may exacerbate rural health care disparities for people who use drugs (PWUD). We assessed associations between Medicaid restrictions and HCV treatment among rural PWUD. METHODS: We compiled state-specific Medicaid treatment policies across 8 US rural sites in 10 states and merged these with participant survey data. We hypothesized that local restrictions regardi…
Recent Increase in Methamphetamine Use in a Cohort of Rural People Who Use Drugs
Appalachian Kentucky was at the epicenter of the prescription opioid epidemic in the early 2000's. As we enter the third decade of the epidemic, patterns have begun to emerge as people who use drugs (PWUD) transition from use of opioids to other drugs. The purpose of this analysis was to examine longitudinal changes in methamphetamine use in an ongoing cohort of rural people who use drugs (PWUD) in Appalachian Kentucky. All but five of the cohort…
Using conjoint analysis to study health policy changes
Modeling the role of incarceration in HCV transmission and prevention amongst people who inject drugs in rural Kentucky
Incarceration is likely to be an important contributor to HCV transmission amongst PWID in PC. Prison-based OST could be an important intervention for reducing this risk
Peer influence of injection drug use cessation among dyads in rural eastern Kentucky
Impact of health reform on health insurance status among persons who use opioids in eastern Kentucky
Incarceration history and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs
Correlates of Injection Drug Use Among Rural Appalachian Women
BACKGROUND: Limited research has focused on correlates of injection drug use (IDU) among high-risk subgroups of drug users, particularly women, who may be at increased risk for transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C. The purpose of this study is to better understand the contextual and health correlates of IDU among women living in rural Appalachia by examining (1) differences between injectors and noninjectors, and (2) th…
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Safety Considerations for Conducting Geographic Momentary Assessment Studies Among Persons Who Use Drugs and Men Who Have Sex with Men
Using Network and Spatial Data to Better Target Overdose Prevention Strategies in Rural Appalachia
Individual and Network Correlates of Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Rural Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Users
PURPOSE: Examination of the association of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with substance use and HIV risk behaviors within the social networks of rural people who use drugs. METHODS: Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to assess substance use, HIV risk behavior, and social network characteristics of drug users (n = 503) living in rural Appalachia. The MINI International Psychiatric Interview was used to determine whether par…
Healthcare contact and treatment uptake following hepatitis C virus screening and counseling among rural Appalachian people who use drugs
Silence Surrounding Hepatitis C Status in Risk Relationships Among Rural People Who Use Drugs
“I'm Stuck”
This study utilizes anthropological analyses of kinship, care, gendered inequalities, and the state to examine how social networks affect women's substance use in a rural Appalachian county where the primary drug of choice is prescription opioids. Of 503 participants from a larger study of social networks among rural drug users, 16 women who reported using drugs with four or more other study participants (drug network members) were interviewed fr…
Relationship-level analysis of drug users' anticipated changes in risk behavior following HIV vaccination
Formative research into the behavioral factors surrounding HIV vaccine uptake is becoming increasingly important as progress is made in HIV vaccine development. Given that the first vaccines on the market are likely to be partially effective, risk compensation (i.e., increased risk behavior following vaccination) may present a concern. This study characterized the relationships in which HIV vaccine-related risk compensation is most likely to occu…
Reducing risky relationships
Women involved in the criminal justice system, particularly those with a history of drug use, are at elevated risk of HIV infection, yet few HIV prevention interventions have been tailored for delivery to incarcerated women. Drawing on the Relational Model, the Reducing Risky Relationships for HIV (RRR-HIV) intervention was developed and evaluated in a multisite randomized clinical trial. Women with weekly drug use prior to incarceration (n = 444…
METelemedicine
PURPOSE: This pilot study examined a telemedicine-based intervention using motivational enhancement therapy (METelemedicine) to reduce alcohol use among a sample of at-risk, rural alcohol users. METHODS: A total of 127 rural alcohol users were recruited from community supervision offices and engaged in brief intervention sessions using telemedicine. Analysis examined alcohol outcomes at 3 months postbaseline. FINDINGS: Findings indicated that alt…
HIV vaccine acceptability among high-risk drug users in Appalachia
To our knowledge, this study was among the first to explore and provide evidence for feasibility of HIV vaccination in a rural, high-risk population in the United States. This study provides preliminary evidence that gender-specific targeting in vaccine promotion may be necessary to promoting vaccine uptake in this setting, particularly among men. The data also underscore the importance of addressing perceived risks and benefits, social norms, an…
Drug Users’ Willingness to Encourage Social, Sexual, and Drug Network Members to Receive an HIV Vaccine
Spatial, temporal and relational patterns in respondent-driven sampling
BACKGROUND: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) has become a common tool for recruiting high-risk populations for HIV research. However, few studies have explored the influence of geospatial proximity and relationship-level characteristics on RDS recruitment, particularly among high-risk individuals residing in rural areas of the US. METHODS: In a social network study of 503 drug users in rural Central Appalachia, interviewer-administered questionna…
Understanding the Rural–Urban Differences in Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Abuse in the United States
Nonmedical prescription opioid misuse remains a growing public problem in need of action and is concentrated in areas of US states with large rural populations such as Kentucky, West Virginia, Alaska, and Oklahoma. We developed hypotheses regarding the influence of 4 factors: (1) greater opioid prescription in rural areas, creating availability from which illegal markets can arise; (2) an out-migration of young adults; (3) greater rural social an…
Individual and Network Factors Associated With Prevalent Hepatitis C Infection Among Rural Appalachian Injection Drug Users
Objectives. We determined the factors associated with hepatitis C (HCV) infection among rural Appalachian drug users. Methods. This study included 394 injection drug users (IDUs) participating in a study of social networks and infectious disease risk in Appalachian Kentucky. Trained staff conducted HCV, HIV, and herpes simplex-2 virus (HSV-2) testing, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire measured self-reported risk behaviors and sociomet…
Understanding the Rural–Urban Differences in Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Abuse in the United States
Nonmedical prescription opioid misuse remains a growing public problem in need of action and is concentrated in areas of US states with large rural populations such as Kentucky, West Virginia, Alaska, and Oklahoma. We developed hypotheses regarding the influence of 4 factors: (1) greater opioid prescription in rural areas, creating availability from which illegal markets can arise; (2) an out-migration of young adults; (3) greater rural social an…
OxyContin(R) as currency
Individual and Network Factors Associated With Prevalent Hepatitis C Infection Among Rural Appalachian Injection Drug Users
Objectives. We determined the factors associated with hepatitis C (HCV) infection among rural Appalachian drug users. Methods. This study included 394 injection drug users (IDUs) participating in a study of social networks and infectious disease risk in Appalachian Kentucky. Trained staff conducted HCV, HIV, and herpes simplex-2 virus (HSV-2) testing, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire measured self-reported risk behaviors and sociomet…
Intergenerational Transmission of Violence
Using Network and Spatial Data to Better Target Overdose Prevention Strategies in Rural Appalachia
Spatial, temporal and relational patterns in respondent-driven sampling
BACKGROUND: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) has become a common tool for recruiting high-risk populations for HIV research. However, few studies have explored the influence of geospatial proximity and relationship-level characteristics on RDS recruitment, particularly among high-risk individuals residing in rural areas of the US. METHODS: In a social network study of 503 drug users in rural Central Appalachia, interviewer-administered questionna…
Male and female rural probationers
Individuals involved in the criminal justice system are at substantial risk for HIV infection and have elevated rates of AIDS. Offenders under community supervision, such as probationers, have substantially more opportunities to engage in high-risk behaviors than prisoners. Furthermore, probationers in rural areas are at risk because rural areas may be slower to adopt HIV risk-reduction approaches. Consequently, the primary goal of this study is …
Lack of HIV Seropositivity Among a Group of Rural Probationers
Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in rural America has been described as an epidemic, and the HIV prevalence rate among criminal justice populations is higher than the general population. Thus, criminally involved populations in Southern rural areas are at elevated risk for contracting HIV because of drug and sexual practices; however, little is known about HIV/AIDS in the fastest growing crimin…
Trends in Controlled‐Release Oxycodone (OxyContin®) Prescribing Among Medicaid Recipients in Kentucky, 1998‐2002
Context: Prescription opioid abuse has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in rural America. Purpose: To examine temporal and geographic trends in rates of controlled‐release oxycodone (OxyContin) prescribing for Kentucky Medicaid recipients. Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis was completed in which the state was divided into 3 regions (distressed Appalachia, Appalachia, and other Kentucky), and data from Medicaid pharmacy claims fr…
The Relationship Between Lifetime Abuse and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Injection Drug Users
This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and suicidal ideation in a sample of 245 injection drug users (IDUs) who attended the Baltimore Needle Exchange Program and received a referral for opiate agonist therapy. Data were obtained from baseline interviews and HIV antibody tests. The sample mean age was 42.2 (SD = 8.1 ); 77% were African American; 69% were male. Overall, 27% reported thoughts of suicide in the last six months, …
Kentucky Rural Stimulant Use
Population based surveys suggest that methamphetamine use is increasing. However, little is known about stimulant use in rural areas. Given the lack of data regarding rural stimulant use, particularly methamphetamine use, and the continuing problems associated with stimulant drug use, the purpose of this study was to examine rural stimulant use in Kentucky. Of 225 rural stimulant-using participants surveyed, 76% (n = 170) reported lifetime use of…
The Effect of a Case Management Intervention on Drug Treatment Entry Among Treatment-Seeking Injection Drug Users With and Without Comorbid Antisocial Personality Disorder
Depression and Poverty Among Rural Women
Context and Purpose: Depression among rural women is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study was to test the competing theories of social causation and social selection to assess the relationship between depression and economic status for a sample of rural, low‐income women in the United States. Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from Rural Families Speak, a US Department of Agriculture‐funded multi‐st…
HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors among Ketamine and Non-Ketamine Using Criminal Offenders Prior to Prison Entry
This study is the first to examine ketamine use and its association with HIV sexual risk behaviors among a criminal offending population in the United States. Data were collected from 716 inmates as part of the Transitional Case Management (TCM) protocol within the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) cooperative agreement. Bivariate analyses were used to identify differences between ketamine users (n=44) and non-ketamine users…
Partner Relationships and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Women Offenders
The HIV infection rate is increasing among women in general and for female inmates specifically (Maruschak 2004), which makes understanding the correlates of risky sexual behaviors critical for this population. Partner relationships, particularly the extent to which women perceive they have power within the relationship, may be important in modeling risk behaviors. Few studies have considered the association between relationship power and HIV ris…
Racial Differences in HIV/Aids Discussion Strategies and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Drug-Abusing Female Criminal Offenders
African-American female inmates are disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with heterosexual contact as the primary mode of transmission. This could be the result of racial differences in the strategies used by women to persuade a potential sexual partner to discuss HIV/AIDS and engage in condom use. Data were collected from 336 female inmates as part of the Reducing Risky Relationships for HIV (RRR-HIV) protocol w…
Intergenerational Transmission of Violence
Injection risk behaviors among rural drug users
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine injection drug use (IDU) among a cohort of felony probationers from rural Appalachian Kentucky. METHODS: An interviewer-administered questionnaire given to 800 rural felony probationers ascertained data regarding demographics, drug use, criminal behavior, psychological distress, and HIV-risk behaviors. RESULTS: The sample was primarily white (95.1%) and male (66.5%) and the median age was 32.3 y…
Relationship Influence and Health Risk Behavior Among Re-Entering Women Offenders
Network Structure and the Risk for HIV Transmission Among Rural Drug Users
OxyContin(R) as currency
Individual and Network Factors Associated With Prevalent Hepatitis C Infection Among Rural Appalachian Injection Drug Users
Objectives. We determined the factors associated with hepatitis C (HCV) infection among rural Appalachian drug users. Methods. This study included 394 injection drug users (IDUs) participating in a study of social networks and infectious disease risk in Appalachian Kentucky. Trained staff conducted HCV, HIV, and herpes simplex-2 virus (HSV-2) testing, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire measured self-reported risk behaviors and sociomet…
Reducing risky relationships
Women involved in the criminal justice system, particularly those with a history of drug use, are at elevated risk of HIV infection, yet few HIV prevention interventions have been tailored for delivery to incarcerated women. Drawing on the Relational Model, the Reducing Risky Relationships for HIV (RRR-HIV) intervention was developed and evaluated in a multisite randomized clinical trial. Women with weekly drug use prior to incarceration (n = 444…
METelemedicine
PURPOSE: This pilot study examined a telemedicine-based intervention using motivational enhancement therapy (METelemedicine) to reduce alcohol use among a sample of at-risk, rural alcohol users. METHODS: A total of 127 rural alcohol users were recruited from community supervision offices and engaged in brief intervention sessions using telemedicine. Analysis examined alcohol outcomes at 3 months postbaseline. FINDINGS: Findings indicated that alt…
HIV vaccine acceptability among high-risk drug users in Appalachia
To our knowledge, this study was among the first to explore and provide evidence for feasibility of HIV vaccination in a rural, high-risk population in the United States. This study provides preliminary evidence that gender-specific targeting in vaccine promotion may be necessary to promoting vaccine uptake in this setting, particularly among men. The data also underscore the importance of addressing perceived risks and benefits, social norms, an…
Drug Users’ Willingness to Encourage Social, Sexual, and Drug Network Members to Receive an HIV Vaccine
Spatial, temporal and relational patterns in respondent-driven sampling
BACKGROUND: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) has become a common tool for recruiting high-risk populations for HIV research. However, few studies have explored the influence of geospatial proximity and relationship-level characteristics on RDS recruitment, particularly among high-risk individuals residing in rural areas of the US. METHODS: In a social network study of 503 drug users in rural Central Appalachia, interviewer-administered questionna…
Understanding the Rural–Urban Differences in Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Abuse in the United States
Nonmedical prescription opioid misuse remains a growing public problem in need of action and is concentrated in areas of US states with large rural populations such as Kentucky, West Virginia, Alaska, and Oklahoma. We developed hypotheses regarding the influence of 4 factors: (1) greater opioid prescription in rural areas, creating availability from which illegal markets can arise; (2) an out-migration of young adults; (3) greater rural social an…
Relationship-level analysis of drug users' anticipated changes in risk behavior following HIV vaccination
Formative research into the behavioral factors surrounding HIV vaccine uptake is becoming increasingly important as progress is made in HIV vaccine development. Given that the first vaccines on the market are likely to be partially effective, risk compensation (i.e., increased risk behavior following vaccination) may present a concern. This study characterized the relationships in which HIV vaccine-related risk compensation is most likely to occu…
“I'm Stuck”
This study utilizes anthropological analyses of kinship, care, gendered inequalities, and the state to examine how social networks affect women's substance use in a rural Appalachian county where the primary drug of choice is prescription opioids. Of 503 participants from a larger study of social networks among rural drug users, 16 women who reported using drugs with four or more other study participants (drug network members) were interviewed fr…
Individual and Network Correlates of Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Rural Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Users
PURPOSE: Examination of the association of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with substance use and HIV risk behaviors within the social networks of rural people who use drugs. METHODS: Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to assess substance use, HIV risk behavior, and social network characteristics of drug users (n = 503) living in rural Appalachia. The MINI International Psychiatric Interview was used to determine whether par…
Medicine (38 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (26 works) · Psychiatry (24 works) · Psychology (24 works) · Environmental health (19 works) · Demography (17 works) · Family medicine (14 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (13 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works)