Frank J Chaloupka
Biographic Data
| ID | 1731058 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Frank J Chaloupka |
| GIVEN NAMES | Frank J |
| FAMILY NAME | Chaloupka |
| SIGNATURE | CHALOUPKA F J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4048-4065 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 118 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 194 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 117 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
From capacity building to collaboration in tobacco economics research
Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014–2019
Our study finds that e-cigarette taxes increase e-cigarette retail prices by approximately half of the tax. Further, e-cigarette taxes are associated with reduced sales of e-cigarettes and increased sales of cigarettes in some specifications. Our estimates are sizably lower than from other studies using sales and survey data
Better cigarette tax policies and higher tobacco excise tax revenues
Higher overall cigarette tax scores are associated with higher tobacco excise tax revenue per capita. Countries aiming to reach higher cigarette tax scores would be able to reduce tobacco use and increase their tobacco tax revenue, which can be allocated to development priorities
Perseverance is innovation
As countries improve their cigarette tax policy, cigarette consumption declines
Our results provide evidence on the association between higher cigarette tax scores and lower cigarette consumption. To reduce tobacco consumption, governments must strive to implement all four components in the Cigarette Tax Scorecard at the highest level
Repeal of state laws permitting denial of health claims resulting from alcohol impairment
This study documented that AEL repeal may have had a significant impact on the number of treatment admissions for AUD. These findings suggest that AELs function as a barrier to treatment-seeking behavior
The Association between E-Cigarette Price and TV Advertising and the Sales of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the USA
This study aims to examine how e-cigarette prices and advertising, key determinants of e-cigarette demand, are associated with the demand for smokeless tobacco (SLT) products in the US. Market-level sales and price data by year (2010-2017), quarter, and type of retail store were compiled from Nielsen retail store scanner database. E-cigarette TV advertising ratings data were compiled from Kantar Media. Four-way (market, year, quarter, store type)…
The potential global gains in health and revenue from increased taxation of tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages
Introduction: Globally, a growing burden of morbidity and mortality is attributable to lifestyle behaviours, and in particular to the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). In low-income and middle-income countries, this increased disease burden falls on already encumbered and resource-constrained healthcare systems. Fiscal policies, specifically taxation, can lower consumption of tobacco, alcohol and SSB while raisi…
Think tank capacity building on tobacco economics
The article describes the Tobacconomics project, ‘Accelerating Progress on Tobacco Taxes in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries’ and the capacity building model used by the Tobacconomics team to develop core competencies in economic analysis among think tank partners, whose research is presented in this supplement. Between 2017 and 2019, the Tobacconomics team at the University of Illinois at Chicago, a partner of the Bloomberg Initiative To Reduce …
Questioning the regressivity of tobacco taxes
Despite extensive evidence from many countries showing that substantially increasing prices of tobacco through taxation is the single most effective way to reduce tobacco use,1 policymakers have been hesitant to adopt such policies. One common argument against higher tobacco taxes is that they may be regressive. This argument relies on a narrow definition of regressivity based on comparing the tax burden—the ratio of taxes paid to income—for diff…
PhenX
The PhenX (Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit provides researchers with recommended standard consensus measures for use in epidemiological, biomedical, clinical and translational studies. To expand the depth and breadth of measures in the PhenX Toolkit, the National Institutes of Health and U.S. Food and Drug Administration have launched a project to identify 'Core' and 'Specialty' collections of measures recommended for human subjects studies in …
Costs of vaping
NVP prices were generally higher than prices of combustible cigarettes, especially the high upfront NVP devices. The high upfront costs of purchasing a reusable NVP may discourage some smokers from switching to vaping. However, the average lower costs of cartridges and e-liquids relative to a package of cigarettes make switching to a NVP an attractive alternative to smoking in the long term so long as smokers switch completely to vaping
PhenX
Consistent use of these tobacco environment measures will enhance rigor and reproducability of tobacco research
State-Level Affordability of Factory-Made Cigarettes among Current US Smokers
Cigarette affordability measures the price smokers pay for cigarettes in relation to their incomes. Affordability can be measured using the relative income price of cigarettes (RIP), or the price smokers pay to purchase 100 packs of 20 cigarettes divided by their per capita household income. Using longitudinal data from 7046 smokers participating in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) US Survey, the purpose of this study was to test whether a…
The Association between Potential Exposure to Magazine Ads with Voluntary Health Warnings and the Perceived Harmfulness of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)
(1) Background: Several brands of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) carry voluntary health warning messages. This study examined how potential exposure to ENDS magazine ads with these voluntary health warnings were associated with the perceived harmfulness of ENDS. (2) Methods: Risk perception measures and self-reported exposure to ENDS ads were obtained from the 2014 Georgia State University (GSU) Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions …
Global Evidence on the Association between Cigarette Graphic Warning Labels and Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Consumption
Background : In 2011, the courts ruled in favor of tobacco companies in preventing the implementation of graphic warning labels (GWLs) in the US, stating that FDA had not established the effectiveness of GWLs in reducing smoking. Methods : Data came from various sources: the WHO MPOWER package (GWLs, MPOWER policy measures, cigarette prices), Euromonitor International (smoking prevalence, cigarette consumption), and the World Bank database (count…
Flavour capsule cigarettes continue to experience strong global growth
First paragraph: Cigarettes with flavour-changing capsules in the filter, a continuing success story for tobacco companies, have grown exponentially since being introduced in 2007. The global capsule market is estimated to be 150 billion sticks in 2017. We provide an update on the capsule market since 2014. From this time capsule cigarettes have been introduced in new markets in Europe (Croatia, Spain), Africa (Tunisia), Latin America (Bolivia, E…
Association between tax structure and cigarette consumption
Our study provides important empirical evidence of a relationship between tax structure and cigarette consumption. We find that a change from a specific to an ad valorem structure is associated with a 6%-11% higher cigarette consumption. In addition, a change from uniform to tiered structure is associated with a 34%-65% higher cigarette consumption. The results are consistent with existing evidence and suggest that a uniform and specific tax stru…
Global evidence on the effect of point-of-sale display bans on smoking prevalence
Having a POS display ban is likely to reduce smoking prevalence and generate public health benefits
Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh
The tax increases that were implemented during 2009-2015 were not enough to increase tobacco product prices sufficiently to outweigh the effect of income growth, and to reduce tobacco consumption. The findings from this research inform policymakers that in countries experiencing rapid economic growth, significant tax increases are needed to counteract the effect of income growth, in order for the tax increases to be effective in reducing tobacco …
Effect of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions and revenue
The estimates from this study clearly indicated that the Illinois law that banned smoking in casinos has had no significant negative economic consequences for casinos in terms of per-capita admissions or revenues
Tobacco taxation, illegal cigarette supply and geography
An increase in taxes on manufactured legal and roll-your-own cigarettes increased the odds that smokers in cities near the borders and women switched down to illegal cigarettes. City geographical location, controls effectiveness and distribution networks may play a significant role in accessibility of illegal cigarettes. To improve the effectiveness of increased taxes and prices in reducing smoking, policy-makers may consider specific policies in…
Association between tobacco prices and smoking onset
Under the new regime of a central goods and service system, policymakers may need to raise the prices of tobacco products sufficiently to curb smoking onset
Cannabis decriminalization
El impacto de los precios e impuestos sobre el consumo de productos de tabaco en América Latina y el Caribe
Examinamos la repercusión de los precios del tabaco o los impuestos sobre el consumo de tabaco en países de América Latina y el Caribe. Efectuamos búsquedas en MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, bibliografía inédita, seis revistas especializadas y referencias de revisiones. Calculamos las elasticidades combinadas de los precios usando modelos de efectos aleatorios. En los 32 estudios que examinamos se observó que los precios de los cigarrillos tienen un e…
Availability of Physical Activity–Related Facilities and Neighborhood Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
Objectives. We examined associations between neighborhood demographic characteristics and the availability of commercial physical activity–related outlets by zip code across the United States. Methods. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the availability of 4 types of outlets: (1) physical fitness facilities, (2) membership sports and recreation clubs, (3) dance facilities, and (4) public golf courses. Commercial outlet data were linke…
Rational Addictive Behavior and Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette demand equations accounting for tolerance, reinforcement, and withdrawal are derived using the Becker-Murphy model of rational addiction and are estimated using data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Estimates imply that smoking is addictive, individuals are not myopic, and price increases would reduce demand. Implications concerning time preference and addiction are tested by estimating the demand separa…
Field validation of secondary commercial data sources on the retail food outlet environment in the U.S
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
Effect of Televised, Tobacco Company–Funded Smoking Prevention Advertising on Youth Smoking-Related Beliefs, Intentions, and Behavior
Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths’ smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 199…
Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban
Point-of-purchase marketing has become increasingly important for the tobacco industry in the United States.1 In the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement (MSA) that required tobacco advertising on billboards across the country to end on April 24, 1999, the point-of-purchase environment is likely to assume even greater importance in the industry's marketing efforts. One goal of the billboard advertising ban (as well as other MSA advertisin…
Developing Public Health Regulations for Marijuana
Until November 2012, no modern jurisdiction had removed the prohibition on the commercial production, distribution, and sale of marijuana for nonmedical purposes—not even the Netherlands. Government agencies in Colorado and Washington are now charged with granting production and processing licenses and developing regulations for legal marijuana, and other states and countries may follow. Our goal is not to address whether marijuana legalization i…
Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across Communities in the United States
Objectives. We examined associations between the relative and absolute availability of healthier food and beverage alternatives at food stores and community racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and urban–rural characteristics. Methods. We analyzed pooled, annual cross-sectional data collected in 2010 to 2012 from 8462 food stores in 468 communities spanning 46 US states. Relative availability was the ratio of 7 healthier products (e.g., whole-wheat brea…
Effects of Alcohol Price Policy on Youth
In this article, we summarize research by economists that deals with the effects of alcoholic beverage prices and excise taxes on a variety of outcomes for youth. These include alcohol consumption (both moderate and excessive), motor vehicle accident mortality, and college completion rates. The research employs six nationally representative data sets on individuals that span the period from 1974 through 1989 and two state-level data sets for the …
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Impact of Tobacco Control on Adult per Capita Cigarette Consumption in the United States
Objectives. We assessed the impact of tobacco control on adult per capita cigarette consumption in the United States from 1964 to 2011. Methods. We used logit regression to model the diffusion of smoking from 1900 to 2011. We also projected hypothetical cigarette consumption after 1963 in the absence of tobacco control. Model predictors included historical events such as wars, specific tobacco control interventions, and other influences. Results.…
Sugar‐sweetened beverages and obesity
The impact of advertising on nicotine replacement therapy demand
Associations between retail food store exterior advertisements and community demographic and socioeconomic composition
Employment Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes
Objectives. We assessed the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes on net employment. Methods. We used a macroeconomic simulation model to assess the employment impact of a 20% SSB tax accounting for changes in SSB demand, substitution to non-SSBs, income effects, and government expenditures of tax revenues for Illinois and California in 2012. Results. We found increased employment of 4406 jobs in Illinois and 6654 jobs in California, rep…
The Effects of Smoking-Related Television Advertising on Smoking and Intentions to Quit Among Adults in the United States
Objectives. We investigated whether state-sponsored antitobacco advertisements are associated with reduced adult smoking, and interactions between smoking-related advertising types. Methods. We measured mean exposure to smoking-related advertisements with television ratings for the top-75 US media markets from 1999 to 2007. We combined these data with individual-level Current Population Surveys Tobacco Use Supplement data and state tobacco contro…
Quit Attempts and Quit Rates Among Menthol and Nonmenthol Smokers in the United States
Objectives. We compared quit attempts and quit rates among menthol and nonmenthol cigarette smokers in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2003 and 2006–2007 waves of the large, nationally representative Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey with control for state-level tobacco control spending, prices, and smoke-free air laws. We estimated mean prevalence, quit rates, and multivariate logistic regression equations…
Parents, public policy, and youth smoking
This paper jointly examines the importance of parental influences, prices, and tobacco control policies on the smoking behavior of youths. Data are drawn from the Audits & Surveys (A&S) 1996 survey of high school students across the United States from “The Study of Smoking and Tobacco Use Among Young People” to examine the impact of parental influences on the probability of youth smoking in the context of both specific observable parenting behavi…
Stretched too thin? The relationship between insufficient resource allocation and physical education instructional time and assessment practices
With provisions in the Every Student Succeeds Act, attention to physical education (PE) programs in school will be crucial for developing well-rounded students. We assessed the availability of resources that have the potential to impact PE (staffing, continuing education, annual PE equipment budgets) in a nationally-representative sample of 640 U.S. public elementary schools. Higher student-to-PE teacher ratios were associated with students not r…
Prices for Tobacco and Nontobacco Products in Pharmacies Versus Other Stores
Objectives. To examine disparities in the price of tobacco and nontobacco products in pharmacies compared with other types of stores. Methods. We recorded the prices of Marlboro, Newport, the cheapest cigarettes, and bottled water in a random sample of licensed tobacco retailers (n = 579) in California in 2014. We collected comparable data from retailers (n = 2603) in school enrollment zones for representative samples of US 8th, 10th, and 12th gr…
Sugar‐sweetened beverages and obesity prevention
The Impact of Prices and Taxes on the Use of Tobacco Products in Latin America and the Caribbean
We examined the impact of tobacco prices or taxes on tobacco use in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We searched MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, unpublished literature, 6 specialty journals, and reviewed references. We calculated pooled price elasticities using random-effects models. The 32 studies we examined found that cigarette prices have a negative and statistically significant effect on cigarette consumption. A change in price is associated…
The impact of state safe routes to school-related laws on active travel to school policies and practices in U.S. elementary schools
This study examined the relationship between state laws requiring minimum bussing distances, hazardous route exemptions, sidewalks, crossing guards, speed zones, and traffic control measures around schools and active travel to school (ATS) policies/practices in nationally representative samples of U.S. public elementary schools between 2007-2009. The state laws and school data were compiled through primary legal research and annual mail-back surv…
Rational Addictive Behavior and Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette demand equations accounting for tolerance, reinforcement, and withdrawal are derived using the Becker-Murphy model of rational addiction and are estimated using data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Estimates imply that smoking is addictive, individuals are not myopic, and price increases would reduce demand. Implications concerning time preference and addiction are tested by estimating the demand separa…
Effects of Alcohol Price Policy on Youth
In this article, we summarize research by economists that deals with the effects of alcoholic beverage prices and excise taxes on a variety of outcomes for youth. These include alcohol consumption (both moderate and excessive), motor vehicle accident mortality, and college completion rates. The research employs six nationally representative data sets on individuals that span the period from 1974 through 1989 and two state-level data sets for the …
Criteria for determining an optimal cigarette tax
Correspondence to: Kenneth E Warner, Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S Observatory, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA Abstract In the debate on cigarette taxation, both supporters and opponents of higher taxes often appeal to economic theory and analysis. To evaluate the criteria for defining an optimal cigarette excise tax from the perspective of economics, the Office on Smoking …
Sex and race differences in young people's responsiveness to price and tobacco control policies
Policymakers need to keep in mind that there is not a "one-size fits all" strategy for discouraging smoking among young people
Usa
A number of recent events have drawn attention to the likelihood that pricing and promotional strategies at the point of sale will become even more important to tobacco companies as a way of marketing their products in the United States and may well be used as a strategy to undermine the effects of state tobacco control programmes. In the wake of the master settlement agreement, tobacco companies announced a US$0.45 increase in November 1998 in t…
Tobacco control in developing countries
There is no doubt that smoking is damaging global health on an unprecedented scale. However, there is continuing debate on the economics of tobacco control, including the costs and consequences of tobacco control policies. This book aims to fill the analytic gap around this debate This book brings together a set of critical reviews of the current status of knowledge on tobacco control. While the focus is on the needs of low-income and middle- inc…
Chapter 29 The economics of smoking
The effect of tobacco advertising bans on tobacco consumption
State variation in retail promotions and advertising for Marlboro cigarettes
Results suggest some point-of-purchase tobacco promotions and advertising are more pervasive in states with comprehensive tobacco control programmes. These efforts are likely to act against the objectives of programmes and need to be accounted for in programme evaluations
Tax, price and cigarette smoking
Pricing and price related promotions are among the most important marketing tools employed by tobacco companies. Future tobacco control efforts that aim to raise prices and limit price related marketing efforts are likely to be important in achieving reductions in tobacco use and the public health toll caused by tobacco
Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban
Point-of-purchase marketing has become increasingly important for the tobacco industry in the United States.1 In the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement (MSA) that required tobacco advertising on billboards across the country to end on April 24, 1999, the point-of-purchase environment is likely to assume even greater importance in the industry's marketing efforts. One goal of the billboard advertising ban (as well as other MSA advertisin…
The Effects of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Rates
This article reviews studies of the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking rates with the aim of providing guidance on the importance of different policies. Based on past studies, we estimate the magnitude of effects of major tobacco control policies, how their effects depend on the manner in which the policies are implemented, the relationship between the different policies, and the barriers to implementation. The most successful campaign…
Parents, public policy, and youth smoking
This paper jointly examines the importance of parental influences, prices, and tobacco control policies on the smoking behavior of youths. Data are drawn from the Audits & Surveys (A&S) 1996 survey of high school students across the United States from “The Study of Smoking and Tobacco Use Among Young People” to examine the impact of parental influences on the probability of youth smoking in the context of both specific observable parenting behavi…
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
The impact of advertising on nicotine replacement therapy demand
Cigarette purchase patterns in four countries and the relationship with cessation
Data from this study indicate that there are lower levels of making a quit attempt among purchasers of low/untaxed cigarettes compared to purchasers of full-priced cigarettes. The availability of low/untaxed cigarettes may mitigate the influence of increases in cigarette prices
Effect of Televised, Tobacco Company–Funded Smoking Prevention Advertising on Youth Smoking-Related Beliefs, Intentions, and Behavior
Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths’ smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 199…
Availability of Physical Activity–Related Facilities and Neighborhood Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
Objectives. We examined associations between neighborhood demographic characteristics and the availability of commercial physical activity–related outlets by zip code across the United States. Methods. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the availability of 4 types of outlets: (1) physical fitness facilities, (2) membership sports and recreation clubs, (3) dance facilities, and (4) public golf courses. Commercial outlet data were linke…
The Availability of Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurants in the United States
Associations Between Access to Food Stores and Adolescent Body Mass Index
Nutritional Content of Television Food Advertisements Seen by Children and Adolescents in the United States
OBJECTIVE. In light of the high rates of child and adolescent obesity, we examined the nutritional content of food advertising seen by American children and adolescents. METHODS. We drew samples of top-rated television shows by using ratings data to examine the nutritional content for fat, saturated fat, sugar, sodium, and fiber of food-product advertisements seen on television by both children and adolescents. Food products were examined in aggr…
Food store availability and neighborhood characteristics in the United States
Working to make an image
Only one early media campaign focused on issues other than tobacco, whereas subsequent campaigns have been specifically concerned with tobacco issues, and more targeted to opinion leaders. The size and timing of the advertising buys appeared to be strategically crafted to maximise advertising exposure for these population subgroups during critical threats to Philip Morris's public image
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Relation between newspaper coverage of tobacco issues and smoking attitudes and behaviour among American teens
Gaining and keeping tobacco on the media agenda is an important tool for tackling youth smoking. As volume appears to be the driving factor, media advocacy may be best targeted towards generating events and highlighting issues likely to increase and sustain news attention
Medicine (104 works) · Business (77 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (75 works) · Environmental health (71 works) · Economics (57 works) · Public health (55 works) · Tobacco control (54 works) · Advertising (49 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (44 works) · Political science (38 works)