Prosper Njau
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1732772 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Prosper Njau |
| PRENOMES | Prosper |
| SOBRENOME | Njau |
| ASSINATURA | NJAU P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6351-9489 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2013 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
How do repeated financial incentives affect HIV care-seeking behaviours over time? Evidence from a cluster-randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: A more nuanced understanding of behavioural responses to incentives over time, particularly after they are removed, could guide more effective interventions. In this study, we build on the primary trial evaluation to explore the dynamic effectiveness of small, short-term monthly financial incentives on HIV care-seeking behaviours during and after incentive removal. METHODS: We conducted a 32-site cluster-randomised controlled trial (N…
Unawareness of HIV-Positive Status among Men in Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries
Impact of Financial Incentives on Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
Financial incentives have demonstrated effectiveness in improving outcomes for people living with HIV; however, little is known about their impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) in this vulnerable population. A cluster-randomized trial investigating financial incentives and viral suppression was conducted in the Lake Zone of Tanzania (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0420135). Between May 2021-March 2022, 32 clinics were randomized 1:1 to receive the s…
Social network strategy (SNS) for HIV testing
Social network strategy (SNS) testing uses network connections to refer individuals at high risk to HIV testing services (HTS). In Tanzania, SNS testing is offered in communities and health facilities. In communities, SNS testing targets key and vulnerable populations (KVP), while in health facilities it complements index testing by reaching unelicited index contacts. Routine data were used to assess performance and trends over time in PEPFAR-sup…
The impact of cash incentives on mental health among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania
Mental illness is prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and hinders engagement in HIV care. While financial incentives are effective at improving mental health and retention in care, the specific effect of such incentives on the mental health of PLHIV lacks quantifiable evidence. We evaluated the impact of a three-arm randomized controlled trial of a financial incentive program on the mental health of adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) i…
Financial incentives to improve re-engagement in HIV care
Objective Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of financial incentives to motivate re-engagement in HIV care in Shinyanga, Tanzania.Methods Out-of-care people living with HIV (PLHIV) were identified from medical records in four clinics and home-based care providers (HBCs) from April 13, 2018 to March 3, 2020. Shinyanga Region residents, ≥18 years, who were disengaged from care were randomized 1:1 to a financial …
Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy in early adolescents
Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy are important protective factors in understanding adolescent psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and externalising behaviours. Previous studies have shown that dimensions of self-efficacy (academic, social, and emotional) have differential protective effects with mental health outcomes and these differences vary by sex. This study examines the dimensional mediation of self-efficacy from m…
Risks of Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Receiving Cash Transfers
Cash transfers are increasingly used to motivate adherence to HIV care. However, evidence on cash transfers and intimate partner violence (IPV) is mixed and little is known about their safety for women living with HIV. We conducted in-depth interviews with women living with HIV who participated in a randomized trial providing 6 months of cash transfers (~$4.5 or $11 USD) conditional on HIV clinic attendance in Shinyanga, Tanzania to assess how re…
Designing for two
Machine learning with routine electronic medical record data to identify people at high risk of disengagement from HIV care in Tanzania
Machine learning methods for health care delivery optimization have the potential to improve retention in HIV care, a critical target of global efforts to end the epidemic. However, these methods have not been widely applied to medical record data in low- and middle-income countries. We used an ensemble decision tree approach to predict risk of disengagement from HIV care (missing an appointment by ≥28 days) in Tanzania. Our approach used routine…
A developmental analysis of dimensions of empathy during early adolescence
Construct definitions of empathy have sought to distinguish between different dimensions of empathetic capacity that are significantly associated with psychological distress or wellbeing. Research has provided substantial evidence differentiating affective and cognitive empathy; however, more recent research has cited the importance of a third domain represented by empathetic behaviors and compassionate intent to comfort others. Examining develop…
Study Protocol of a Distance Learning Intervention to Support Social Emotional Learning and Identity Development for Adolescents Using Interactive Mobile Technology
Background: The maturational period from age 10 to 14—often referred to as very young adolescents (VYAs)—represents a dynamic period of learning and neurobehavioral development as individuals transition from childhood to adolescence. This developmental period presents a window of opportunity for strategic investment to improve trajectories of health, education and well-being among young people. More specifically, neurodevelopmental changes during…
Durability of effects from short-term economic incentives for clinic attendance among HIV positive adults in Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Conditional economic incentives are shown to promote medication adherence across a range of health conditions and settings; however, any long-term harms or benefits from these time-limited interventions remain largely unevaluated. We assessed 2-3 years outcomes from a 6-month incentive programme in Tanzania that originally improved short-term retention in HIV care and medication possession. METHODS: We traced former participants in …
Transportation cost as a barrier to contraceptive use among women initiating treatment for HIV in Tanzania
Transportation cost is a barrier to HIV treatment, yet no studies have examined its association with contraceptive use among women living with HIV. We analyzed cross-sectional data from women attending three public healthcare facilities in Shinyanga, Tanzania where they initiated antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in the previous 90 days; all facilities offered free contraception. Women self-reported current contraceptive use and the round-…
Heavy Load Carrying and Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse among Women in Tanzania and Nepal
Heavy load carrying of water, firewood, and sand/stones is a ubiquitous activity for women living in developing countries. Although the intra-abdominal pressure associated with heavy load carrying is hypothesized to increase the risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among women, relevant epidemiologic data are lacking. We conducted a comparative study involving two exploratory cross-sectional studies among convenience samples of women carrying heav…
Adolescent, caregiver and community experiences with a gender transformative, social emotional learning intervention
These findings suggest that an intervention providing social and emotional experiential learning opportunities during the developmental window of very young adolescence can be effective in transforming gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. Involvement of peers, parents/caregivers and community members was effective at supporting learning social emotional mindsets and skills in VYAs. Findings encourage local and global adolescent programming to inc…
Promoting gender equity in very young adolescents
Retrospectively registered on July 7 th , 2020. NCT0445807
Designing drug shops for young women in Tanzania
Adolescent and young adult women in sub-Saharan Africa experience barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services that elevate their risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and unintended pregnancy. Community drug shops may be effective distribution points to connect young women with SRH products. Thus, we used human-centred design (HCD) to create drug shops where young women could access HIV self-testing and contraceptio…
Cost variations in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services integrated within maternal and child health services in rural Tanzania
We estimated the costs of Option B+ for HIV-infected pregnant women in 12 facilities in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, from a provider perspective. Costs of prevention of mother-to-child (PMTCT) HIV services were measured over 12 months to September 2017 to estimate the average costs per HIV testing episode, per HIV-positive case diagnosed, per patient-year on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and per neonatal HIV care. A one-way sensitivity analysis was…
The heterogeneous effect of short-term transfers for improving ART adherence among HIV-infected Tanzanian adults
A recently concluded randomized study in Tanzania found that short-term conditional cash and food transfers significantly improved HIV-infected patients’ possession of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduced patient loss to follow-up (LTFU) (McCoy, S. I., Njau, P. F., Fahey, C., Kapologwe, N., Kadiyala, S., Jewell, N. P., & Padian, N. S. (2017). Cash vs. food assistance to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in …
Vulnerable at Each Step in the PMTCT Care Cascade
Challenges with routine data sources for PMTCT programme monitoring in East Africa
Routinely collected clinic data have the potential to provide much needed information on the uptake of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, and to measure HIV prevalence in pregnant women. This article describes the methodological challenges associated with using such data, based on the experiences of researchers and programme implementers in Tanzania and drawing from other examples from East Africa. PMTCT data are rou…
Food Insecurity, Socioeconomic Status, and HIV-Related Risk Behavior Among Women in Farming Households in Tanzania
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Food Insecurity, Socioeconomic Status, and HIV-Related Risk Behavior Among Women in Farming Households in Tanzania
Challenges with routine data sources for PMTCT programme monitoring in East Africa
Routinely collected clinic data have the potential to provide much needed information on the uptake of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, and to measure HIV prevalence in pregnant women. This article describes the methodological challenges associated with using such data, based on the experiences of researchers and programme implementers in Tanzania and drawing from other examples from East Africa. PMTCT data are rou…
The heterogeneous effect of short-term transfers for improving ART adherence among HIV-infected Tanzanian adults
A recently concluded randomized study in Tanzania found that short-term conditional cash and food transfers significantly improved HIV-infected patients’ possession of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduced patient loss to follow-up (LTFU) (McCoy, S. I., Njau, P. F., Fahey, C., Kapologwe, N., Kadiyala, S., Jewell, N. P., & Padian, N. S. (2017). Cash vs. food assistance to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in …
Vulnerable at Each Step in the PMTCT Care Cascade
Cost variations in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services integrated within maternal and child health services in rural Tanzania
We estimated the costs of Option B+ for HIV-infected pregnant women in 12 facilities in Morogoro Region, Tanzania, from a provider perspective. Costs of prevention of mother-to-child (PMTCT) HIV services were measured over 12 months to September 2017 to estimate the average costs per HIV testing episode, per HIV-positive case diagnosed, per patient-year on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and per neonatal HIV care. A one-way sensitivity analysis was…
Study Protocol of a Distance Learning Intervention to Support Social Emotional Learning and Identity Development for Adolescents Using Interactive Mobile Technology
Background: The maturational period from age 10 to 14—often referred to as very young adolescents (VYAs)—represents a dynamic period of learning and neurobehavioral development as individuals transition from childhood to adolescence. This developmental period presents a window of opportunity for strategic investment to improve trajectories of health, education and well-being among young people. More specifically, neurodevelopmental changes during…
Durability of effects from short-term economic incentives for clinic attendance among HIV positive adults in Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Conditional economic incentives are shown to promote medication adherence across a range of health conditions and settings; however, any long-term harms or benefits from these time-limited interventions remain largely unevaluated. We assessed 2-3 years outcomes from a 6-month incentive programme in Tanzania that originally improved short-term retention in HIV care and medication possession. METHODS: We traced former participants in …
Transportation cost as a barrier to contraceptive use among women initiating treatment for HIV in Tanzania
Transportation cost is a barrier to HIV treatment, yet no studies have examined its association with contraceptive use among women living with HIV. We analyzed cross-sectional data from women attending three public healthcare facilities in Shinyanga, Tanzania where they initiated antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in the previous 90 days; all facilities offered free contraception. Women self-reported current contraceptive use and the round-…
Heavy Load Carrying and Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse among Women in Tanzania and Nepal
Heavy load carrying of water, firewood, and sand/stones is a ubiquitous activity for women living in developing countries. Although the intra-abdominal pressure associated with heavy load carrying is hypothesized to increase the risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among women, relevant epidemiologic data are lacking. We conducted a comparative study involving two exploratory cross-sectional studies among convenience samples of women carrying heav…
Adolescent, caregiver and community experiences with a gender transformative, social emotional learning intervention
These findings suggest that an intervention providing social and emotional experiential learning opportunities during the developmental window of very young adolescence can be effective in transforming gender norms, beliefs and behaviors. Involvement of peers, parents/caregivers and community members was effective at supporting learning social emotional mindsets and skills in VYAs. Findings encourage local and global adolescent programming to inc…
Promoting gender equity in very young adolescents
Retrospectively registered on July 7 th , 2020. NCT0445807
Designing drug shops for young women in Tanzania
Adolescent and young adult women in sub-Saharan Africa experience barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services that elevate their risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and unintended pregnancy. Community drug shops may be effective distribution points to connect young women with SRH products. Thus, we used human-centred design (HCD) to create drug shops where young women could access HIV self-testing and contraceptio…
Machine learning with routine electronic medical record data to identify people at high risk of disengagement from HIV care in Tanzania
Machine learning methods for health care delivery optimization have the potential to improve retention in HIV care, a critical target of global efforts to end the epidemic. However, these methods have not been widely applied to medical record data in low- and middle-income countries. We used an ensemble decision tree approach to predict risk of disengagement from HIV care (missing an appointment by ≥28 days) in Tanzania. Our approach used routine…
A developmental analysis of dimensions of empathy during early adolescence
Construct definitions of empathy have sought to distinguish between different dimensions of empathetic capacity that are significantly associated with psychological distress or wellbeing. Research has provided substantial evidence differentiating affective and cognitive empathy; however, more recent research has cited the importance of a third domain represented by empathetic behaviors and compassionate intent to comfort others. Examining develop…
Financial incentives to improve re-engagement in HIV care
Objective Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of financial incentives to motivate re-engagement in HIV care in Shinyanga, Tanzania.Methods Out-of-care people living with HIV (PLHIV) were identified from medical records in four clinics and home-based care providers (HBCs) from April 13, 2018 to March 3, 2020. Shinyanga Region residents, ≥18 years, who were disengaged from care were randomized 1:1 to a financial …
Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy in early adolescents
Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy are important protective factors in understanding adolescent psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and externalising behaviours. Previous studies have shown that dimensions of self-efficacy (academic, social, and emotional) have differential protective effects with mental health outcomes and these differences vary by sex. This study examines the dimensional mediation of self-efficacy from m…
Risks of Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Receiving Cash Transfers
Cash transfers are increasingly used to motivate adherence to HIV care. However, evidence on cash transfers and intimate partner violence (IPV) is mixed and little is known about their safety for women living with HIV. We conducted in-depth interviews with women living with HIV who participated in a randomized trial providing 6 months of cash transfers (~$4.5 or $11 USD) conditional on HIV clinic attendance in Shinyanga, Tanzania to assess how re…
Designing for two
Social network strategy (SNS) for HIV testing
Social network strategy (SNS) testing uses network connections to refer individuals at high risk to HIV testing services (HTS). In Tanzania, SNS testing is offered in communities and health facilities. In communities, SNS testing targets key and vulnerable populations (KVP), while in health facilities it complements index testing by reaching unelicited index contacts. Routine data were used to assess performance and trends over time in PEPFAR-sup…
The impact of cash incentives on mental health among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania
Mental illness is prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and hinders engagement in HIV care. While financial incentives are effective at improving mental health and retention in care, the specific effect of such incentives on the mental health of PLHIV lacks quantifiable evidence. We evaluated the impact of a three-arm randomized controlled trial of a financial incentive program on the mental health of adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) i…
Impact of Financial Incentives on Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
Financial incentives have demonstrated effectiveness in improving outcomes for people living with HIV; however, little is known about their impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) in this vulnerable population. A cluster-randomized trial investigating financial incentives and viral suppression was conducted in the Lake Zone of Tanzania (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0420135). Between May 2021-March 2022, 32 clinics were randomized 1:1 to receive the s…
How do repeated financial incentives affect HIV care-seeking behaviours over time? Evidence from a cluster-randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: A more nuanced understanding of behavioural responses to incentives over time, particularly after they are removed, could guide more effective interventions. In this study, we build on the primary trial evaluation to explore the dynamic effectiveness of small, short-term monthly financial incentives on HIV care-seeking behaviours during and after incentive removal. METHODS: We conducted a 32-site cluster-randomised controlled trial (N…
Unawareness of HIV-Positive Status among Men in Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries
Medicine (17 obras) · Tanzania (16 obras) · Environmental health (13 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (13 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (10 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Population (8 obras) · Socioeconomics (8 obras) · Nursing (7 obras)