Stuart J Youngner
Biographic Data
| ID | 1734730 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stuart J Youngner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stuart J |
| FAMILY NAME | Youngner |
| SIGNATURE | YOUNGNER S J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Case Western Reserve University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 13 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Poverty
Many critics of the legalization of physician‐assisted death oppose it in part because they fear it will further disadvantage those who are already economically disadvantaged. This argument points to a serious problem of how economic considerations can influence medical decisions, but in the context of PAD, the concern is not borne out. We will provide empirical evidence suggesting that concerns about money influence medical decisions throughout …
Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life
A Conceptual Model for the Translation of Bioethics Research and Scholarship
While the bioethics literature demonstrates that the field has spent substantial time and thought over the last four decades on the goals, methods, and desired outcomes for service and training in bioethics, there has been less progress defining the nature and goals of bioethics research and scholarship. This gap makes it difficult both to describe the breadth and depth of these areas of bioethics and, importantly, to gauge their success. However…
How to Communicate Clearly about Brain Death and First-Person Consent to Donate
Michael is a healthy 21-year-old man who is brought by ambulance to an emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. His family is devastated when he falls into a coma, is put on a ventilator, and, three days later, is declared brain-dead by two physicians. Dr. Allen, the attending trauma physician on service in the intensive care unit that week, explains to Michael's parents the unlikelihood of his recovering and initiates a discussion ab…
Patient‐Satisfaction Surveys on a Scale of 0 to 10
The current institutional focus on patient satisfaction and on surveys designed to assess this could eventually compromise the quality of health care while simultaneously raising its cost. We begin this paper with an overview of the concept of patient satisfaction, which remains poorly and variously defined. Next, we trace the evolution of patient‐satisfaction surveys, including both their useful and problematic aspects. We then describe the effe…
The Authors Reply
A response to “CAHPS Surveys: Valid and Valuable Measures of Patient Experience,” byWilliam G. Lehrman and Mark W. Friedberg, and to “Courage, Context, and Contemporary Health Care,” by Jeffrey T. Berger
The Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life
This handbook explores the topic of death and dying from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, with particular emphasis on the United States. In this period, technology has radically changed medical practices and the way we die as structures of power have been reshaped by the rights claims of African Americans, women, gays, students, and, most relevant here, patients. Respecting patients’ values has been recognized as the essent…
Casting Light and Doubt on Uncontrolled DCDD Protocols
The ever‐increasing demand for organs led Spain, France, and other European countries to promote uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death (uDCDD). For the same reason, New York City has recently developed its own uDCDD protocol, which differs from European programs in some key ways. The New York protocol incorporates a series of technical and management improvements that address some practical problems identified in response…
Quality Attestation for Clinical Ethics Consultants
Clinical ethics consultation is largely outside the scope of regulation and oversight, despite its importance. For decades, the bioethics community has been unable to reach a consensus on whether there should be accountability in this work, as there is for other clinical activities that influence the care of patients. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, the primary society of bioethicists and scholars in the medical humanities and …
Introducción
Physician-Assisted Death in Perspective
This book is the first comprehensive report and analysis of the Dutch euthanasia experience over the last three decades. In contrast to most books about euthanasia, which are written by authors from countries where the practice is illegal and therefore practised only secretly, this book analyzes empirical data and real-life clinical behavior. Its essays were written by the leading Dutch scholars and clinicians who shaped euthanasia policy and who…
The Definition of Death
Two factors, medical science's growing control over the timing of death and the increasingly desperate need for organs, have led to a reopening of the debate about the definition of death and have forced a consideration of aspects of the determination of death that had never been addressed before. Without the pressing need for organs, the definition of death would have remained on the back shelf, the conversation of a few interested philosophers …
Consulta ética clínica
La Consulta Ética Clínica es una actividad relativamente nueva en USA, como un servicio destinado a ayudar a pacientes individuales o grupos. Se describe la evolución histórica de la CEC desde su inicio en 1976. Entre otras funciones, la CEC presta un soporte moral y un “confort” psicológico a los profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones. Se describen los métodos operativos y de acceso a la CEC
Death and organ procurement
Who Will Watch the Watchers
The publication of Bioethics Consultation in the Private Sector by the Hastings Center Report marks a unique and we believe troubling moment in the maturation of bioethics. The flagship scholarly journal of bioethics has published, neither a scholarly article nor an argument for a controversial practice, but a manual for a new guild interested in promoting what already does. Early in the development of bioethics, Albert Jonsen wrote about bioethi…
The Indeterminacies of Death
Bureaucratizing suicide
Although helpful in many ways, the Guidelines for Assessing Mental Capacity and Impaired Judgment fall short in 3 areas. First, the term capacity is poorly defined and explicated. Second, the inevitable role of the evaluator's own values is given short shrift. Finally, the Guidelines rely too heavily on lists and formal test without guidance about what is most important. This failure threatens to further burden dying patients with unwanted and un…
Bureacratizing suicide
Gatekeepers
When Is "Dead"
In 1996, 60 Minutes ran a story about the ethical issues associated with procuring organs from individuals who have been declared dead using cardiopulmonary criteria--so-called non-heart-beating (NHBDs). They raised questions about the ethical appropriateness of the procedure, intimating that patients were being given drugs that would shorten their life order to improve organ quality. The story was quickly picked up by newspapers around the count…
Increased Risk of Death in Patients With Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
BACKGROUND: Whereas studies have shown higher mortality rates in patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, most have not accounted for confounding factors related to the use of DNR orders and/or factors related to the risk of death. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the use of DNR orders and in-hospital mortality, adjusting for severity of illness and other covariates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: There were 1…
Should Psychiatrists Serve as Gatekeepers for Physician-Assisted Suicide
Mark D. Sullivan, Linda Ganzini, Stuart J. Youngner, Should Psychiatrists Serve as Gatekeepers for Physician-Assisted Suicide?, The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1998), pp. 24-31
For Experts Only? Access to Hospital Ethics Committees
How closely involved with hospital ethics committees should patients\nand their families become? Should they routinely have access to committees,\nor be empowered to initiate consultations? To what extent should they be\ninformed of the content or outcome of committee deliberations? Seeing ethics\ncommittees as the locus of competing responsibilities allows us to respond to\nthe questions posed by a patient rights model
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Over the past decade, public discussion has focused on the ethics of issuing Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders, and the failure of many hospitals to acknowledge their actions openly. Recent efforts on the part of some hospitals to establish formal DNR guidelines that are prudent, fair, and humane, are a helpful beginning, though they cannot account for all the vagaries of illness and human communication. But concerns about DNR should not divert us from l…
Drawing the Line in Brain Death
Death and organ procurement
Bureaucratizing suicide
Although helpful in many ways, the Guidelines for Assessing Mental Capacity and Impaired Judgment fall short in 3 areas. First, the term capacity is poorly defined and explicated. Second, the inevitable role of the evaluator's own values is given short shrift. Finally, the Guidelines rely too heavily on lists and formal test without guidance about what is most important. This failure threatens to further burden dying patients with unwanted and un…
Case Studies
Autonomy and the Need to Preserve Life
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Over the past decade, public discussion has focused on the ethics of issuing Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders, and the failure of many hospitals to acknowledge their actions openly. Recent efforts on the part of some hospitals to establish formal DNR guidelines that are prudent, fair, and humane, are a helpful beginning, though they cannot account for all the vagaries of illness and human communication. But concerns about DNR should not divert us from l…
Drawing the Line in Brain Death
For Experts Only? Access to Hospital Ethics Committees
How closely involved with hospital ethics committees should patients\nand their families become? Should they routinely have access to committees,\nor be empowered to initiate consultations? To what extent should they be\ninformed of the content or outcome of committee deliberations? Seeing ethics\ncommittees as the locus of competing responsibilities allows us to respond to\nthe questions posed by a patient rights model
Should Psychiatrists Serve as Gatekeepers for Physician-Assisted Suicide
Mark D. Sullivan, Linda Ganzini, Stuart J. Youngner, Should Psychiatrists Serve as Gatekeepers for Physician-Assisted Suicide?, The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1998), pp. 24-31
Gatekeepers
When Is "Dead"
In 1996, 60 Minutes ran a story about the ethical issues associated with procuring organs from individuals who have been declared dead using cardiopulmonary criteria--so-called non-heart-beating (NHBDs). They raised questions about the ethical appropriateness of the procedure, intimating that patients were being given drugs that would shorten their life order to improve organ quality. The story was quickly picked up by newspapers around the count…
Increased Risk of Death in Patients With Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
BACKGROUND: Whereas studies have shown higher mortality rates in patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, most have not accounted for confounding factors related to the use of DNR orders and/or factors related to the risk of death. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the use of DNR orders and in-hospital mortality, adjusting for severity of illness and other covariates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: There were 1…
The Indeterminacies of Death
Bureaucratizing suicide
Although helpful in many ways, the Guidelines for Assessing Mental Capacity and Impaired Judgment fall short in 3 areas. First, the term capacity is poorly defined and explicated. Second, the inevitable role of the evaluator's own values is given short shrift. Finally, the Guidelines rely too heavily on lists and formal test without guidance about what is most important. This failure threatens to further burden dying patients with unwanted and un…
Bureacratizing suicide
Who Will Watch the Watchers
The publication of Bioethics Consultation in the Private Sector by the Hastings Center Report marks a unique and we believe troubling moment in the maturation of bioethics. The flagship scholarly journal of bioethics has published, neither a scholarly article nor an argument for a controversial practice, but a manual for a new guild interested in promoting what already does. Early in the development of bioethics, Albert Jonsen wrote about bioethi…
Death and organ procurement
Consulta ética clínica
La Consulta Ética Clínica es una actividad relativamente nueva en USA, como un servicio destinado a ayudar a pacientes individuales o grupos. Se describe la evolución histórica de la CEC desde su inicio en 1976. Entre otras funciones, la CEC presta un soporte moral y un “confort” psicológico a los profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones. Se describen los métodos operativos y de acceso a la CEC
The Definition of Death
Two factors, medical science's growing control over the timing of death and the increasingly desperate need for organs, have led to a reopening of the debate about the definition of death and have forced a consideration of aspects of the determination of death that had never been addressed before. Without the pressing need for organs, the definition of death would have remained on the back shelf, the conversation of a few interested philosophers …
Physician-Assisted Death in Perspective
This book is the first comprehensive report and analysis of the Dutch euthanasia experience over the last three decades. In contrast to most books about euthanasia, which are written by authors from countries where the practice is illegal and therefore practised only secretly, this book analyzes empirical data and real-life clinical behavior. Its essays were written by the leading Dutch scholars and clinicians who shaped euthanasia policy and who…
Casting Light and Doubt on Uncontrolled DCDD Protocols
The ever‐increasing demand for organs led Spain, France, and other European countries to promote uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death (uDCDD). For the same reason, New York City has recently developed its own uDCDD protocol, which differs from European programs in some key ways. The New York protocol incorporates a series of technical and management improvements that address some practical problems identified in response…
Quality Attestation for Clinical Ethics Consultants
Clinical ethics consultation is largely outside the scope of regulation and oversight, despite its importance. For decades, the bioethics community has been unable to reach a consensus on whether there should be accountability in this work, as there is for other clinical activities that influence the care of patients. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, the primary society of bioethicists and scholars in the medical humanities and …
Introducción
The Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life
This handbook explores the topic of death and dying from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, with particular emphasis on the United States. In this period, technology has radically changed medical practices and the way we die as structures of power have been reshaped by the rights claims of African Americans, women, gays, students, and, most relevant here, patients. Respecting patients’ values has been recognized as the essent…
Patient‐Satisfaction Surveys on a Scale of 0 to 10
The current institutional focus on patient satisfaction and on surveys designed to assess this could eventually compromise the quality of health care while simultaneously raising its cost. We begin this paper with an overview of the concept of patient satisfaction, which remains poorly and variously defined. Next, we trace the evolution of patient‐satisfaction surveys, including both their useful and problematic aspects. We then describe the effe…
The Authors Reply
A response to “CAHPS Surveys: Valid and Valuable Measures of Patient Experience,” byWilliam G. Lehrman and Mark W. Friedberg, and to “Courage, Context, and Contemporary Health Care,” by Jeffrey T. Berger
Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life
A Conceptual Model for the Translation of Bioethics Research and Scholarship
While the bioethics literature demonstrates that the field has spent substantial time and thought over the last four decades on the goals, methods, and desired outcomes for service and training in bioethics, there has been less progress defining the nature and goals of bioethics research and scholarship. This gap makes it difficult both to describe the breadth and depth of these areas of bioethics and, importantly, to gauge their success. However…
Psychology (16 works) · Political science (13 works) · Law (11 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Ethics in medical practice (8 works) · Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues (7 works) · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health (6 works) · Organ Donation and Transplantation (6 works) · Philosophy (6 works) · Sociology (6 works)