Mathias Czaika
Biographic Data
| ID | 173532 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mathias Czaika |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mathias |
| FAMILY NAME | Czaika |
| SIGNATURE | CZAIKA M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universität für Weiterbildung Krems |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6525-2714 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 736 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Future-making beyond (im)mobility through tethered resilience
Migration aspirations and their realisation: A configurational driver analysis of 26 African and Asian research areas
‘Tackling the root causes’ of migration has emerged as a central strategy for the European Union to manage the movements of people from middle- or low-income countries. While the effectiveness of this approach remains a subject of debate, the field of migration studies has highlighted the interplay of multiple migration drivers, or driver complexes, rather than singled out'root causes'. However, empirical research has yet to assess the specific c…
How Economic Inequalities Shape International Migration Aspirations: A Multilevel Analysis of Perceptions and Context
Economic inequality between countries has long been recognized as a key driver of international migration. However, inequality within communities of origin has received far less attention in the literature. This article addresses this gap by focusing on the determinants of international migration aspirations, challenging existing findings, and contributing to the expanding body of research on the inequality‐migration nexus. Leveraging a novel dat…
Spatial Dependence of European Immigration Flows
Europe has emerged as a prime destination for global migration. Although drivers of European migration are well‐researched, the patterns and spatial dynamics of these bilateral migration flows are less understood. This study investigates the spatial clustering of bilateral migration flows to EU destinations, considering factors like geographic and linguistic proximity between origin and destination countries. We also explore how migration cluster…
The transnational engagement of Afghan diaspora organizations: Drivers of diaspora specialization
This article delves into the engagement of Afghans in Europe in diaspora organizations (DOs) and examines the factors influencing the varying levels of transnational involvement aiming Afghan DOs (ADOs). Through a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 85 ADOs across Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, this study explores intricate configurations leading to transnational activities. Drawing fr…
Trust in Transit: External Migration Control and Migrants’ Perceptions of Humanitarian Borderwork in the Sahel
The Sahel region has become a focal point for externalisation policies seeking to prevent the onward travel of migrants bound for North Africa and Europe. In this context, humanitarian actors are increasingly called upon to implement migration control policies or to address migrants’ vulnerabilities during journeys characterised by ‘extended temporariness’. This paper builds upon the concepts of the humanitarian border and institutional trust to …
European migration governance in the context of uncertainty
Migration inherently embodies uncertainty and dynamism, eluding precise conceptualization, definition and measurement. Embedded within intricate migration driver environments and shaped by the diverse agency of actors involved—prospective migrants, intermediaries and policymakers—migration defies easy prediction and effective policy response. This inherent complexity within international migration flows poses immediate and long‐term governance ch…
Categorical and spatial interlinkages within the European migration policy mix
This article analyses the categorical and spatial linkages within migration policy areas across 31 European countries from 1990 to 2020, examining over 5000 migration policy changes. It reveals distinct patterns of policy diffusion across space and contrasting trends between different migration policy areas. While migrant admission policies have experienced a trend towards liberalisation over the past three decades, border and return policies hav…
Exploring Migration Determinants: A Meta-Analysis of Migration Drivers and Estimates
This comprehensive study delves into over 100 empirical articles, examining the influence of structural drivers on both internal and international migration. Employing a meta-analysis approach, we dissect these studies to pinpoint the prevalent migration drivers frequently subjected to quantitative scrutiny. Our investigation extends to scrutinizing major migration drivers in terms of their statistical impact, directional tendencies, and statisti…
Exploring Europe’s external migration policy mix: On the Interactions of Visa, Readmission, and Resettlement Policies
This article explores Europe's external migration mix, considering three policy instruments which form part of the EU's remote control of borders: (1) visa regulations managing entry and cross-border mobility, (2) readmission agreements facilitating assisted and forced return of migrants without legal right to remain, and (3) resettlement of refugees with refugee status via formalised programmes. The article explores the degree and nature of thes…
Disentangling the migration-development nexus using QCA
Under what circumstances does human development facilitate or constrain emigration? Moreover, under what conditions is migration a driver for rather than an obstacle for development? Empirical evidence identifying the drivers of the two-way relationship between migration and development is still rather mixed, in part also because of conceptual and methodological shortcomings of the methods generally applied to this subject matter, which often can…
Migration Decision-Making and Its Key Dimensions
Migration decisions are made in the context of personal needs and desires, and the individuals making these decisions face uncertain outcomes. Information about future opportunities is incomplete, and whether migration turns out to be a personal success or failure depends mostly on circumstances that are ex ante unknown and ex post not fully under the control of the individuals who migrate. This article elaborates on four dimensions of the comple…
Political party ideology and immigration policy reform: An empirical enquiry
What drives the restrictiveness of immigration reforms? To what extent does the political ideology of parties in government and parliament matter? Drawing on immigration policy data offering unprecedented historical and geographical coverage, we analyse the drivers of immigration reforms in 21 Western immigration countries between 1970 and 2012. Our results show that there is no robust effect of the political ideology of governments and parliamen…
Rising stars in the global race for skill? A comparative analysis of Brazil, India, and Malaysia
How do emerging economies compete for international skilled workers? To explore policies used by non-Western countries to attract or retain high-skilled workers in the context of the ‘race for talent’, this article analyses and compares governmental measures employed in three emerging economies: Brazil, India, and Malaysia. Based on insights from 17 expert interviews, we describe the practices and strategies of these three countries to reverse ‘b…
International Migration: Trends, Determinants, and Policy Effects
This paper synthesizes insights from new global data on the effectiveness of migration policies. It investigates the complex links between migration policies and migration trends to disentangle policy effects from structural migration determinants. The analysis challenges two central assumptions underpinning the popular idea that migration restrictions have failed to curb migration. First, post-WWII global migration levels have not accelerated, b…
High-Skilled Migration
This book explores and critically reviews the complex relationship between contemporary high-skilled migration processes and skill-specific migration policies. The analytical and methodological approach is multidisciplinary, offering a broad and comprehensive perspective on high-skilled migration in the twenty-first century. It provides a comparative perspective focusing mainly on Europe and North America, but also taking into account high-skille…
High-Skilled Migration in Times of Global Economic Crisis
This chapter uses two pioneering databases to analyse the implications of the global economic crisis on international migration. The first details inflows of migrant workers of 185 nationalities to ten OECD destinations, disaggregated by skill level between 2000 and 2012. The second comprises immigration policies implemented by nineteen OECD countries between 2000 and 2012. It distinguishes between six skill-selective admission policies, six post…
Conclusion
This volume highlights the challenges of contemporary policymaking and scholarship on high-skilled migration. Both areas often focus rather narrowly on migration policy without considering systematically and rigorously other economic, social, and political drivers of migration. These structural drivers are often equally or sometimes even more important than migration policies per se. To be successful in recruiting on the global skill market, coun…
High-Skilled Migration
Over the past decades an increasing number of countries have developed a growing interest in attracting and retaining skilled and highly skilled migrant workers. This chapter provides an introduction into the nature and dynamics of the global skill market and the role of states and state policies in international migration processes of highly skilled workers. This introduction also outlines the subsequent chapters of this volume which address que…
European High-Skilled Migration Policy: Drivers and Policies
The chapter argues that while Europe needs high-skilled immigrants to fill labour shortages and respond to ageing populations, it continues to struggle recruiting these immigrants due to incre asing political tensions over immigration, which can also affect the highly skilled. These tensions are visible in the varying national policies and Blue Card versions at the EU level. The chapter analyses demographic, economic, and political challenges in …
The geography of anti-immigrant attitudes across Europe, 2002–2014
Europe has become a major destination for international migrants. By 2015, 34.3 million people living in an EU member state were born outside of the EU-28, and an additional 18.5 million persons had been born in another EU country than the one currently residing in. In this context of a growing foreign-born population, which is now at about 10% of the total European population, xenophobic attitudes against immigrants are generally perceived as ha…
The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes
Drawing on the new DEMIG VISA database which covers global bilateral travel regulations from 1973 to 2013, this paper explores patterns and trends in international travel visa regimes. The analysis challenge the idea of a growing global mobility divide between ‘North’ and ‘South’, yielding a more complex image reflecting the multi-polar and multi-layered nature of international relations. While predominantly European and North American OECD count…
International academic mobility across space and time: The case of Indian academics
Internationalisation has become a central feature of academic careers as academics are increasingly expected to be mobile. Yet, we still know relatively little about the actual patterns and drivers of academic mobility across space and time. Using unique data from a recent survey of around 4,600 Indian academics across the globe, this article examines the dynamics of international academic mobility among one of the largest global academic diaspor…
The Effect of Visas on Migration Processes
The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested. However, because of methodological and conceptual limitations, evidence has remained inconclusive. Moreover, prior studies focus on the effects of policies on inflows and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of policies on outflows. This is essential from a theoretical point of view as immigration restrictions may reduce both inflows and outflows and, hence, overall circulation.…
The Gravity of High-Skilled Migration Policies
Combining unique, annual, bilateral data on labor flows of highly skilled immigrants for 10 OECD destinations between 2000 and 2012, with new databases comprising both unilateral and bilateral policy instruments, we present the first judicious cross-country assessment of policies aimed to attract and select high-skilled workers. Points-based systems are much more effective in attracting and selecting high-skilled migrants than requiring a job off…
International Migration: Trends, Determinants, and Policy Effects
This paper synthesizes insights from new global data on the effectiveness of migration policies. It investigates the complex links between migration policies and migration trends to disentangle policy effects from structural migration determinants. The analysis challenges two central assumptions underpinning the popular idea that migration restrictions have failed to curb migration. First, post-WWII global migration levels have not accelerated, b…
The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies
This article elaborates a conceptual framework for assessing the character and effectiveness of immigration policies. It argues that, to a considerable extent, the public and academic controversy concerning this issue is spurious because of fuzzy definitions of policy effectiveness, stemming from confusion between (1) policy discourses, (2) policies on paper, (3) policy implementation, and (4) policy impacts. The article distinguishes three polic…
The Globalization of Migration: Has the World Become More Migratory
Although it is commonly believed that the volume, diversity, geographical scope, and overall complexity of international migration have increased as part of globalization processes, this idea has remained largely untested. This article analyzes shifts in global migration patterns between 1960 and 2000 using indices that simultaneously capture changes in the spread, distance, and intensity of migration. While the results challenge the idea that th…
Migration and aspirations - are migrants trapped on a hedonic treadmill
Based on longitudinal information from two waves of the Indonesian Family and LifeSurvey (IFLS) in 2000 and 2007, we find evidence that migrants are self-selectedalong higher individual aspirations acquired (or, inherited) beforemigration. About 70 per cent of aspiration differentials can be explained by factorssuch as young age, good education, or superior socio-economic background, while theresidual seems to be linked to an individual pre-dispo…
Do restrictive asylum and visa policies increase irregular migration into Europe
This article investigates the extent to which restrictive asylum and visa policies trigger an unintended behavioural response of potential and rejected asylum seekers. Based on our analysis of bilateral asylum and visa policies on migrant flows to 29 European states in the 2000s, we find evidence of a significant deflection into irregularity at work. Our estimates suggest that a 10% increase in asylum rejections raises the number of irregular mig…
The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes
Drawing on the new DEMIG VISA database which covers global bilateral travel regulations from 1973 to 2013, this paper explores patterns and trends in international travel visa regimes. The analysis challenge the idea of a growing global mobility divide between ‘North’ and ‘South’, yielding a more complex image reflecting the multi-polar and multi-layered nature of international relations. While predominantly European and North American OECD count…
Civil Conflict and Displacement: Village-Level Determinants of Forced Migration in Aceh
The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of displacement behavior based on various push and pull factors at the village level. The study concentrates on changes in village population during three years of civil conflict (1999-2002) in Aceh, Indonesia. The empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset from two census rounds of the Indonesian Village Potential Census (PODES). It uses data on around 5,200 Acehnese villages and r…
Migration and Economic Prospects
Uncertainty and risk perceptions are important elements in the decision-making process about migration. This study outlines a 'migration prospect theory', which aims to explain rather short-term fluctuations of migration flows as a consequence of expectation-based adjustment about future economic prospects. I argue that individuals with migration intentions continuously assess general economic prospects, including the labour market situation, at …
The Gravity of High-Skilled Migration Policies
Combining unique, annual, bilateral data on labor flows of highly skilled immigrants for 10 OECD destinations between 2000 and 2012, with new databases comprising both unilateral and bilateral policy instruments, we present the first judicious cross-country assessment of policies aimed to attract and select high-skilled workers. Points-based systems are much more effective in attracting and selecting high-skilled migrants than requiring a job off…
The geography of anti-immigrant attitudes across Europe, 2002–2014
Europe has become a major destination for international migrants. By 2015, 34.3 million people living in an EU member state were born outside of the EU-28, and an additional 18.5 million persons had been born in another EU country than the one currently residing in. In this context of a growing foreign-born population, which is now at about 10% of the total European population, xenophobic attitudes against immigrants are generally perceived as ha…
The Effect of Visas on Migration Processes
The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested. However, because of methodological and conceptual limitations, evidence has remained inconclusive. Moreover, prior studies focus on the effects of policies on inflows and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of policies on outflows. This is essential from a theoretical point of view as immigration restrictions may reduce both inflows and outflows and, hence, overall circulation.…
Political party ideology and immigration policy reform: An empirical enquiry
What drives the restrictiveness of immigration reforms? To what extent does the political ideology of parties in government and parliament matter? Drawing on immigration policy data offering unprecedented historical and geographical coverage, we analyse the drivers of immigration reforms in 21 Western immigration countries between 1970 and 2012. Our results show that there is no robust effect of the political ideology of governments and parliamen…
Migration Decision-Making and Its Key Dimensions
Migration decisions are made in the context of personal needs and desires, and the individuals making these decisions face uncertain outcomes. Information about future opportunities is incomplete, and whether migration turns out to be a personal success or failure depends mostly on circumstances that are ex ante unknown and ex post not fully under the control of the individuals who migrate. This article elaborates on four dimensions of the comple…
Internal Versus International Migration and the Role of Multiple Deprivation: Some evidence from India
This study disentangles the concept of relative deprivation by distinguishing feelings of individual and collective relative deprivation as sources of individual aspirations. Both concepts are then operationalised and empirically tested with regard to their relative importance in migration decision-making. Based on data from the National Sample Survey in 2008, two factors turn out to be relevant in understanding the Indian migration pattern. Firs…
Asylum Cooperation among Asymmetric Countries: The Case of the European Union
This article argues that cooperation to tackle the consequences of large asylum migration inflows is possible only among fairly symmetrical countries. Highly asymmetric countries have no incentives to join and remain in a stable coalition. The distinction between cost and spillover asymmetries shows that financial transfers may release constraints on participation, and thus make asylum cooperation feasible, only if they are focused on tackling th…
Exploring Europe’s external migration policy mix: On the Interactions of Visa, Readmission, and Resettlement Policies
This article explores Europe's external migration mix, considering three policy instruments which form part of the EU's remote control of borders: (1) visa regulations managing entry and cross-border mobility, (2) readmission agreements facilitating assisted and forced return of migrants without legal right to remain, and (3) resettlement of refugees with refugee status via formalised programmes. The article explores the degree and nature of thes…
Rising stars in the global race for skill? A comparative analysis of Brazil, India, and Malaysia
How do emerging economies compete for international skilled workers? To explore policies used by non-Western countries to attract or retain high-skilled workers in the context of the ‘race for talent’, this article analyses and compares governmental measures employed in three emerging economies: Brazil, India, and Malaysia. Based on insights from 17 expert interviews, we describe the practices and strategies of these three countries to reverse ‘b…
Categorical and spatial interlinkages within the European migration policy mix
This article analyses the categorical and spatial linkages within migration policy areas across 31 European countries from 1990 to 2020, examining over 5000 migration policy changes. It reveals distinct patterns of policy diffusion across space and contrasting trends between different migration policy areas. While migrant admission policies have experienced a trend towards liberalisation over the past three decades, border and return policies hav…
International academic mobility across space and time: The case of Indian academics
Internationalisation has become a central feature of academic careers as academics are increasingly expected to be mobile. Yet, we still know relatively little about the actual patterns and drivers of academic mobility across space and time. Using unique data from a recent survey of around 4,600 Indian academics across the globe, this article examines the dynamics of international academic mobility among one of the largest global academic diaspor…
European migration governance in the context of uncertainty
Migration inherently embodies uncertainty and dynamism, eluding precise conceptualization, definition and measurement. Embedded within intricate migration driver environments and shaped by the diverse agency of actors involved—prospective migrants, intermediaries and policymakers—migration defies easy prediction and effective policy response. This inherent complexity within international migration flows poses immediate and long‐term governance ch…
Are unequal societies more migratory
Are unequal societies more migratory? The position of this paper is: not necessarily, it depends on the type of inequality. By proposing horizontal and vertical inequality between and within ethnic groups as separate drivers of migration, we hypothesize that heightened emigration is a consequence of vertical inequality and feelings of individual relative deprivation, whereas people facing horizontal inequality feel rather strongly about collectiv…
Labour market activity, occupational change and length of stay in the Gulf
This article analyses the relationship between migration duration and occupational changes, using the case of Indian expatriates in the Gulf states. Based on the Kerala (India) Migration Survey 2008 and the Return Migration Survey 2009, this analysis investigates whether the length of stay in the Gulf depends on migrants’ occupational trajectories before, during, and after the migration experience. We find inter alia that a prospect of acquiring …
How Economic Inequalities Shape International Migration Aspirations: A Multilevel Analysis of Perceptions and Context
Economic inequality between countries has long been recognized as a key driver of international migration. However, inequality within communities of origin has received far less attention in the literature. This article addresses this gap by focusing on the determinants of international migration aspirations, challenging existing findings, and contributing to the expanding body of research on the inequality‐migration nexus. Leveraging a novel dat…
Spatial Dependence of European Immigration Flows
Europe has emerged as a prime destination for global migration. Although drivers of European migration are well‐researched, the patterns and spatial dynamics of these bilateral migration flows are less understood. This study investigates the spatial clustering of bilateral migration flows to EU destinations, considering factors like geographic and linguistic proximity between origin and destination countries. We also explore how migration cluster…
Trust in Transit: External Migration Control and Migrants’ Perceptions of Humanitarian Borderwork in the Sahel
The Sahel region has become a focal point for externalisation policies seeking to prevent the onward travel of migrants bound for North Africa and Europe. In this context, humanitarian actors are increasingly called upon to implement migration control policies or to address migrants’ vulnerabilities during journeys characterised by ‘extended temporariness’. This paper builds upon the concepts of the humanitarian border and institutional trust to …
A Refugee Burden Index: Methodology and its application
Many developing as well as developed countries provide temporary asylum to a large population of refugees and most of these host countries proclaim to be over-burdened. The effective burden a country has to shoulder is difficult to determine because it basically requests more to consider than just the absolute number of hosted refugees. This paper provides a methodology that makes refugee burdens more comparable on a cross-country basis. Taking i…
Asylum Cooperation among Asymmetric Countries: The Case of the European Union
This article argues that cooperation to tackle the consequences of large asylum migration inflows is possible only among fairly symmetrical countries. Highly asymmetric countries have no incentives to join and remain in a stable coalition. The distinction between cost and spillover asymmetries shows that financial transfers may release constraints on participation, and thus make asylum cooperation feasible, only if they are focused on tackling th…
Civil Conflict and Displacement: Village-Level Determinants of Forced Migration in Aceh
The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of displacement behavior based on various push and pull factors at the village level. The study concentrates on changes in village population during three years of civil conflict (1999-2002) in Aceh, Indonesia. The empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset from two census rounds of the Indonesian Village Potential Census (PODES). It uses data on around 5,200 Acehnese villages and r…
Refugee Movements and Aid Responsiveness of Bilateral Donors
This article analyses the impact of refugee migration movements on the long-term and short-term aid allocation decisions of bilateral donors. We distinguish between different types of forced migrants: internally displaced persons (IDPs) that stay in their country of origin, cross-border refugees that flee to neighboring countries, and asylum seekers in Western donor states. For the period 1992 to 2003, empirical evidence on 18 donor and 148 recip…
Migration and Economic Growth
This book comprehensively examines the role of economic growth (or lack of) as a driver of migration, as well as the impact of migration on economic growth in receiving and sending countries. Seminal papers have been selected which cover both, direct and indirect effects, as well as theoretical and empirical contributions. This important collection, along with an original introduction by the editors, provides a combination of the classical works …
Internal Versus International Migration and the Role of Multiple Deprivation: Some evidence from India
This study disentangles the concept of relative deprivation by distinguishing feelings of individual and collective relative deprivation as sources of individual aspirations. Both concepts are then operationalised and empirically tested with regard to their relative importance in migration decision-making. Based on data from the National Sample Survey in 2008, two factors turn out to be relevant in understanding the Indian migration pattern. Firs…
Drivers and Dynamics of Internal and International Remittances
This article analyses whether and how intra-household remittance volumes vary with the length of a migrant's absence, and whether the drivers and dynamics of remittance decay depend on the migrant's destination. We address these questions by using data from the 64th round of the Indian National Sample Survey, conducted between July 2007 and June 2008. We find that the average intra-household remittance function follows a curvilinear trajectory th…
Are unequal societies more migratory
Are unequal societies more migratory? The position of this paper is: not necessarily, it depends on the type of inequality. By proposing horizontal and vertical inequality between and within ethnic groups as separate drivers of migration, we hypothesize that heightened emigration is a consequence of vertical inequality and feelings of individual relative deprivation, whereas people facing horizontal inequality feel rather strongly about collectiv…
The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies
This article elaborates a conceptual framework for assessing the character and effectiveness of immigration policies. It argues that, to a considerable extent, the public and academic controversy concerning this issue is spurious because of fuzzy definitions of policy effectiveness, stemming from confusion between (1) policy discourses, (2) policies on paper, (3) policy implementation, and (4) policy impacts. The article distinguishes three polic…
Labour market activity, occupational change and length of stay in the Gulf
This article analyses the relationship between migration duration and occupational changes, using the case of Indian expatriates in the Gulf states. Based on the Kerala (India) Migration Survey 2008 and the Return Migration Survey 2009, this analysis investigates whether the length of stay in the Gulf depends on migrants’ occupational trajectories before, during, and after the migration experience. We find inter alia that a prospect of acquiring …
Response to the critique by C. Tumbe
Response to the critique by C. Tumbe." Asian Population Studies, 10(3), pp. 337–338This article refers to:Comment on Mathias Czaika ‘Internal versus International migration and the Role of Multiple Deprivation: Some Evidence from India’, Asian Population Studies, 8(2), 2012
The Globalization of Migration: Has the World Become More Migratory
Although it is commonly believed that the volume, diversity, geographical scope, and overall complexity of international migration have increased as part of globalization processes, this idea has remained largely untested. This article analyzes shifts in global migration patterns between 1960 and 2000 using indices that simultaneously capture changes in the spread, distance, and intensity of migration. While the results challenge the idea that th…
Migration and aspirations - are migrants trapped on a hedonic treadmill
Based on longitudinal information from two waves of the Indonesian Family and LifeSurvey (IFLS) in 2000 and 2007, we find evidence that migrants are self-selectedalong higher individual aspirations acquired (or, inherited) beforemigration. About 70 per cent of aspiration differentials can be explained by factorssuch as young age, good education, or superior socio-economic background, while theresidual seems to be linked to an individual pre-dispo…
Refugee Movements
People fearing persecution, violence, and terror often choose to abandon their property and livelihoods to relocate elsewhere. Beyond violence‐related causes of refugee flights, the relevance and relative importance of other political, economic, or social determinants of involuntary displacements are still unclear. Refugee movements have become increasingly complex as refugees and asylum seekers often travel similar routes to other types of migra…
Migration and Economic Prospects
Uncertainty and risk perceptions are important elements in the decision-making process about migration. This study outlines a 'migration prospect theory', which aims to explain rather short-term fluctuations of migration flows as a consequence of expectation-based adjustment about future economic prospects. I argue that individuals with migration intentions continuously assess general economic prospects, including the labour market situation, at …
Do restrictive asylum and visa policies increase irregular migration into Europe
This article investigates the extent to which restrictive asylum and visa policies trigger an unintended behavioural response of potential and rejected asylum seekers. Based on our analysis of bilateral asylum and visa policies on migrant flows to 29 European states in the 2000s, we find evidence of a significant deflection into irregularity at work. Our estimates suggest that a 10% increase in asylum rejections raises the number of irregular mig…
International academic mobility across space and time: The case of Indian academics
Internationalisation has become a central feature of academic careers as academics are increasingly expected to be mobile. Yet, we still know relatively little about the actual patterns and drivers of academic mobility across space and time. Using unique data from a recent survey of around 4,600 Indian academics across the globe, this article examines the dynamics of international academic mobility among one of the largest global academic diaspor…
The Effect of Visas on Migration Processes
The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested. However, because of methodological and conceptual limitations, evidence has remained inconclusive. Moreover, prior studies focus on the effects of policies on inflows and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of policies on outflows. This is essential from a theoretical point of view as immigration restrictions may reduce both inflows and outflows and, hence, overall circulation.…
The Gravity of High-Skilled Migration Policies
Combining unique, annual, bilateral data on labor flows of highly skilled immigrants for 10 OECD destinations between 2000 and 2012, with new databases comprising both unilateral and bilateral policy instruments, we present the first judicious cross-country assessment of policies aimed to attract and select high-skilled workers. Points-based systems are much more effective in attracting and selecting high-skilled migrants than requiring a job off…
High-Skilled Migration
This book explores and critically reviews the complex relationship between contemporary high-skilled migration processes and skill-specific migration policies. The analytical and methodological approach is multidisciplinary, offering a broad and comprehensive perspective on high-skilled migration in the twenty-first century. It provides a comparative perspective focusing mainly on Europe and North America, but also taking into account high-skille…
High-Skilled Migration in Times of Global Economic Crisis
This chapter uses two pioneering databases to analyse the implications of the global economic crisis on international migration. The first details inflows of migrant workers of 185 nationalities to ten OECD destinations, disaggregated by skill level between 2000 and 2012. The second comprises immigration policies implemented by nineteen OECD countries between 2000 and 2012. It distinguishes between six skill-selective admission policies, six post…
Conclusion
This volume highlights the challenges of contemporary policymaking and scholarship on high-skilled migration. Both areas often focus rather narrowly on migration policy without considering systematically and rigorously other economic, social, and political drivers of migration. These structural drivers are often equally or sometimes even more important than migration policies per se. To be successful in recruiting on the global skill market, coun…
High-Skilled Migration
Over the past decades an increasing number of countries have developed a growing interest in attracting and retaining skilled and highly skilled migrant workers. This chapter provides an introduction into the nature and dynamics of the global skill market and the role of states and state policies in international migration processes of highly skilled workers. This introduction also outlines the subsequent chapters of this volume which address que…
European High-Skilled Migration Policy: Drivers and Policies
The chapter argues that while Europe needs high-skilled immigrants to fill labour shortages and respond to ageing populations, it continues to struggle recruiting these immigrants due to incre asing political tensions over immigration, which can also affect the highly skilled. These tensions are visible in the varying national policies and Blue Card versions at the EU level. The chapter analyses demographic, economic, and political challenges in …
The geography of anti-immigrant attitudes across Europe, 2002–2014
Europe has become a major destination for international migrants. By 2015, 34.3 million people living in an EU member state were born outside of the EU-28, and an additional 18.5 million persons had been born in another EU country than the one currently residing in. In this context of a growing foreign-born population, which is now at about 10% of the total European population, xenophobic attitudes against immigrants are generally perceived as ha…
Economics (34 works) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (34 works) · Political science (32 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Geography (22 works) · Migration, Refugees, and Integration (20 works) · Economic geography (18 works) · Demographic economics (17 works) · Development economics (15 works) · Economic growth (12 works)