Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco
Biographic Data
| ID | 173541 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco |
| GIVEN NAMES | Maria Amparo |
| FAMILY NAME | Cruz-Saco |
| SIGNATURE | CRUZ-SACO M A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Connecticut College |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1601-8507 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 12 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Trapped by Tradition
This study analyzes occupational gender segregation in Peru from 2004 to 2021 using census and household survey data, a multinomial logistic model, and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. Despite major gains in women′s educational attainment, gender gaps in employment remain stark. Women are overrepresented in low-paid and unpaid care work, while men dominate higher-paying sectors such as mining, construction, and transport. Marriage and motherhood sig…
El necesario y urgente «golpe de timón» de la gestión pública en el Perú
En este artículo, se lleva a cabo un análisis de los factores que obstaculizan la efectiva y eficiente administración de los recursos del Estado, y se realiza una propuesta de un nuevo paradigma para la gestión pública. Múltiples obstáculos impiden alcanzar el bienestar de la ciudadanía con atención a su diversidad; eliminarlos; y redefinir la gestión pública con un cambio de prioridades de las políticas públicas que permitirá alcanzar crecimient…
Global Value Chains in Agriculture and the Middle-income Trap
We analyze to what extent engagement with fresh produce global value chains (FP-GVC) may contribute to a country overcoming the middle-income trap (MIT). We propose a conceptual framework for analyzing the FP-GVC-MIT nexus and apply it to Peru, which has become a global powerhouse in FP exports. The framework connects GVC and MIT analysis, two areas generally discussed in separate literatures. It highlights the role of global and product-specific…
Older Working Persons and the Gender Pay Gap
This study investigated the gender pay gap in Peru among older working persons, i.e. sixty years of age and older, who represent more than half of this population. Cultural and social gender norm variables were incorporated as regressors in a Mincer-type income model. Household surveys for the period 2004–2021 were used to estimate the total gap and regional heterogeneities. Three gender norm variables substantially increase the explained portion…
Inequality and Exclusion in Latin America
Since the early 1990s, a market‐orientated policymaking in Latin American countries did nothing to secure decent and productive jobs or eliminate gender inequities. It served, rather, to limit social investments that were needed to increase wellbeing, social cohesion, and, eventually, productivity. The pioneering scholarly work of the authors in this thematic issue, using either qualitative or quantitative methodologies, deepens our interdiscipli…
Gender Inequity
Using annual household surveys from 2004 to 2019, we examine the existence of a gender labor income gap among older persons in Peru. Two labor income models are estimated: Model 1 uses a basic set of demographic, socioeconomic, and personal characteristics as regressors (also called endowments); Model 2 uses the basic set plus additional personal characteristics. The Misner‐type relationship holds with positive returns for education and experienc…
Pension coverage in Latin America
Using household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009–2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non‐contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have “private” and eight have “public” pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the t…
The pension system in Peru
In this article, we estimate the active and passive contributory pension coverage rates in Peru since the structural reform of social security in 1992. Further, we delineate a supply‐and‐demand model for the pension market. Using a diagram based on this model, we analyze the impact of re‐reforms that have increased the competitiveness of the pension system and in an effort to promote worker affiliation. Re‐reform has shifted the supply of pension…
Understanding the Remittance Gender Gap among Hispanics in the US
Using the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this study analyzes the existence of a gender gap in favor of men in the monetary remittance behavior of Hispanics residing in the United States. Findings indicate that cultural gender norms and expectations in the country of origin play a key role. The study shows that women migrants are less likely to remit than men and, when they do, they transfer smaller amounts. The remittance gender gap is not un…
More than Altruism
Familism and Social Inclusion
This paper analyzes the financial support and inclusiveness within Hispanic families in New London, Connecticut, and the causes of their social exclusion in the larger society. We designed and administered a survey of 114 items that was answered by 148 participants representing 1.3% of the non-Puerto Rican Hispanic population. Using factor analysis, we reduced a large number of items in two familism scores to four latent factors: "Financial Suppo…
Intergenerational Solidarity
The author of this article maintains that we have arrived at a critical turning point in society and our survival depends on our capacity to share experiences between generations. According to the author, we are living in a world where retirees are younger than ever and workloads rest on the shoulders of a smaller number of people. She explains the social reality of young retirees and the elderly; defines relationships between generations; questi…
Disillusionment and Hope
At the end of the 1960s, novelist Mario Vargas Llosa asked the question, "lEn que momento se habia jodido el Peru?" (When was Peru screwed?) Ironically, similar sentiments had been expressed a hundred years before when fellow countryman Manuel Gonzales Prada observed, "el Peru es organismo enfermo: donde se aplica el dedo brota pus" (Peru is a sick body: wherever one presses a finger, pus comes out).' Both comments convey the sense of national fa…
Pension coverage in Latin America
Using household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009–2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non‐contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have “private” and eight have “public” pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the t…
Understanding the Remittance Gender Gap among Hispanics in the US
Using the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this study analyzes the existence of a gender gap in favor of men in the monetary remittance behavior of Hispanics residing in the United States. Findings indicate that cultural gender norms and expectations in the country of origin play a key role. The study shows that women migrants are less likely to remit than men and, when they do, they transfer smaller amounts. The remittance gender gap is not un…
The pension system in Peru
In this article, we estimate the active and passive contributory pension coverage rates in Peru since the structural reform of social security in 1992. Further, we delineate a supply‐and‐demand model for the pension market. Using a diagram based on this model, we analyze the impact of re‐reforms that have increased the competitiveness of the pension system and in an effort to promote worker affiliation. Re‐reform has shifted the supply of pension…
Older Working Persons and the Gender Pay Gap
This study investigated the gender pay gap in Peru among older working persons, i.e. sixty years of age and older, who represent more than half of this population. Cultural and social gender norm variables were incorporated as regressors in a Mincer-type income model. Household surveys for the period 2004–2021 were used to estimate the total gap and regional heterogeneities. Three gender norm variables substantially increase the explained portion…
Gender Inequity
Using annual household surveys from 2004 to 2019, we examine the existence of a gender labor income gap among older persons in Peru. Two labor income models are estimated: Model 1 uses a basic set of demographic, socioeconomic, and personal characteristics as regressors (also called endowments); Model 2 uses the basic set plus additional personal characteristics. The Misner‐type relationship holds with positive returns for education and experienc…
Familism and Social Inclusion
This paper analyzes the financial support and inclusiveness within Hispanic families in New London, Connecticut, and the causes of their social exclusion in the larger society. We designed and administered a survey of 114 items that was answered by 148 participants representing 1.3% of the non-Puerto Rican Hispanic population. Using factor analysis, we reduced a large number of items in two familism scores to four latent factors: "Financial Suppo…
Disillusionment and Hope
At the end of the 1960s, novelist Mario Vargas Llosa asked the question, "lEn que momento se habia jodido el Peru?" (When was Peru screwed?) Ironically, similar sentiments had been expressed a hundred years before when fellow countryman Manuel Gonzales Prada observed, "el Peru es organismo enfermo: donde se aplica el dedo brota pus" (Peru is a sick body: wherever one presses a finger, pus comes out).' Both comments convey the sense of national fa…
Intergenerational Solidarity
The author of this article maintains that we have arrived at a critical turning point in society and our survival depends on our capacity to share experiences between generations. According to the author, we are living in a world where retirees are younger than ever and workloads rest on the shoulders of a smaller number of people. She explains the social reality of young retirees and the elderly; defines relationships between generations; questi…
Familism and Social Inclusion
This paper analyzes the financial support and inclusiveness within Hispanic families in New London, Connecticut, and the causes of their social exclusion in the larger society. We designed and administered a survey of 114 items that was answered by 148 participants representing 1.3% of the non-Puerto Rican Hispanic population. Using factor analysis, we reduced a large number of items in two familism scores to four latent factors: "Financial Suppo…
Understanding the Remittance Gender Gap among Hispanics in the US
Using the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this study analyzes the existence of a gender gap in favor of men in the monetary remittance behavior of Hispanics residing in the United States. Findings indicate that cultural gender norms and expectations in the country of origin play a key role. The study shows that women migrants are less likely to remit than men and, when they do, they transfer smaller amounts. The remittance gender gap is not un…
More than Altruism
The pension system in Peru
In this article, we estimate the active and passive contributory pension coverage rates in Peru since the structural reform of social security in 1992. Further, we delineate a supply‐and‐demand model for the pension market. Using a diagram based on this model, we analyze the impact of re‐reforms that have increased the competitiveness of the pension system and in an effort to promote worker affiliation. Re‐reform has shifted the supply of pension…
Gender Inequity
Using annual household surveys from 2004 to 2019, we examine the existence of a gender labor income gap among older persons in Peru. Two labor income models are estimated: Model 1 uses a basic set of demographic, socioeconomic, and personal characteristics as regressors (also called endowments); Model 2 uses the basic set plus additional personal characteristics. The Misner‐type relationship holds with positive returns for education and experienc…
Pension coverage in Latin America
Using household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009–2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non‐contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have “private” and eight have “public” pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the t…
Inequality and Exclusion in Latin America
Since the early 1990s, a market‐orientated policymaking in Latin American countries did nothing to secure decent and productive jobs or eliminate gender inequities. It served, rather, to limit social investments that were needed to increase wellbeing, social cohesion, and, eventually, productivity. The pioneering scholarly work of the authors in this thematic issue, using either qualitative or quantitative methodologies, deepens our interdiscipli…
Global Value Chains in Agriculture and the Middle-income Trap
We analyze to what extent engagement with fresh produce global value chains (FP-GVC) may contribute to a country overcoming the middle-income trap (MIT). We propose a conceptual framework for analyzing the FP-GVC-MIT nexus and apply it to Peru, which has become a global powerhouse in FP exports. The framework connects GVC and MIT analysis, two areas generally discussed in separate literatures. It highlights the role of global and product-specific…
Older Working Persons and the Gender Pay Gap
This study investigated the gender pay gap in Peru among older working persons, i.e. sixty years of age and older, who represent more than half of this population. Cultural and social gender norm variables were incorporated as regressors in a Mincer-type income model. Household surveys for the period 2004–2021 were used to estimate the total gap and regional heterogeneities. Three gender norm variables substantially increase the explained portion…
El necesario y urgente «golpe de timón» de la gestión pública en el Perú
En este artículo, se lleva a cabo un análisis de los factores que obstaculizan la efectiva y eficiente administración de los recursos del Estado, y se realiza una propuesta de un nuevo paradigma para la gestión pública. Múltiples obstáculos impiden alcanzar el bienestar de la ciudadanía con atención a su diversidad; eliminarlos; y redefinir la gestión pública con un cambio de prioridades de las políticas públicas que permitirá alcanzar crecimient…
Trapped by Tradition
This study analyzes occupational gender segregation in Peru from 2004 to 2021 using census and household survey data, a multinomial logistic model, and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. Despite major gains in women′s educational attainment, gender gaps in employment remain stark. Women are overrepresented in low-paid and unpaid care work, while men dominate higher-paying sectors such as mining, construction, and transport. Marriage and motherhood sig…
Political science (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Demographic economics (6 works) · Economic growth (5 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (5 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Demography (4 works) · Demography (4 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (4 works)