Iain K Crombie
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1736634 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Iain K Crombie |
| PRENOMES | Iain K |
| SOBRENOME | Crombie |
| ASSINATURA | CROMBIE I K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Dundee |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2623-3016 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 14 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 19 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2011 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
P2-67 Reversing the epidemic of cirrhosis mortality
Introduction Alcohol is one of the top 10 risk factors for death in middle and high income countries. As average incomes in developing nations rise, disposable income will become available for alcohol. This could result in epidemics of alcohol related illness. Average national alcohol consumption has been shown to correlate with national rates of liver cirrhosis mortality in developed nations. Many countries have reversed trends of increasing cir…
P2-52 A sobering text
Introduction Disadvantaged men suffer substantial harm from heavy drinking. Effective brief interventions to reduce alcohol consumption have been developed for middle-aged men. These were mainly delivered in healthcare settings. Disadvantaged young men seldom attend healthcare. A tailored brief intervention delivered by text message provides a low cost method for accessing this hard to reach group. Methods Focus groups were conducted with disadva…
Targets to tackle the obesity epidemic
Objective Health targets describe government intentions for improving population health. The present paper determines whether the targets which twelve developed countries have set for obesity match the seriousness of the public health problem. Design Policy documents on general public health, obesity, nutrition and physical activity were obtained by repeated searches of government websites. Details of all relevant targets on overweight, obesity, …
What maternal factors influence the diet of 2-year-old children living in deprived areas? A cross-sectional survey
Objective To investigate the maternal factors associated with poor diet among disadvantaged children. Design Survey of 300 mothers of 2-year-old children from areas of high deprivation in Scotland (response rate 81 %). A diet quality score was derived from reported consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruit and vegetables, dairy products and restriction of sugary fatty foods. Results Most children (85 %) were classified as having a poor quality…
Tracking of physical activity behaviours during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood
Aim: To conduct a systematic literature search to identify studies providing data on the tracking of physical activity behaviours in children and young people. Methods: Seven bibliographic databases were searched systematically in July-August 2008 using search strategies built around three groups of keywords: physical activity, study type and young people. Studies included in the review had to be prospective, longitudinal studies that reported da…
When can odds ratios mislead?
Odds ratios are a common measure of the size of an effect and may be reported in case-control studies, cohort studies, or clinical trials. Increasingly, they are also used to report the findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Odds ratios are hard to comprehend directly and are usually interpreted as being equivalent to the relative risk. Unfortunately, there is a recognised problem that odds ratios do not approximate well to the relat…
Ashma and growth—Cause for concern
This project aimed to investigate the height and weight of children with asthma in the community. The Tayside Childhood Asthma Project examined medical records of 3143 children drawn from 12 general practices, for details of asthma morbidity and management. Concurrently, but independent from it, the Tayside Growth Study measured heights and weights of children aged 3-5, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 years. This paper reports on a cross-sectional analysis of…
Child pedestrian deaths
STUDY OBJECTIVE--In case centred epidemiological studies, traffic volume has been shown to be a potent risk factor for child pedestrian injuries. Nevertheless, over the past two decades child pedestrian death rates have fallen in many countries despite large increases in traffic volumes, suggesting that other factors are responsible for the long term decline in death rates. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short term chang…
Entering the loop
Failure of cigarette smoking to explain international differences in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to explain international differences in rates and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using two measurements of cigarette smoking, the major risk factor for this disease. DESIGN--Mortality data for COPD were obtained from the World Health Organisation for 31 countries from 1979 to 1988. Smoking data were obtained for most countries. COPD rates were compared to the percentage of current smokers a…
Cervical screening
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers of visits required to obtain interviews with users and non-users of cervical screening, and to determine the workload involved to enable an optimum visit plan to be developed. DESIGN--Case-control study of users and non-users of cervical screening using a flexible visit plan that involved up to eight attempts at contact. Visits were made in mornings, afternoons, and evenings, the visit pattern being determine…
Cigarette tar content and symptoms of chronic bronchitis
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine if there was a relationship between cigarette tar yield and rates of chronic cough and chronic phlegm. SETTING--22 districts across Scotland were used for the Scottish Heart Health Study (SHHS) which was conducted between 1984 and 1986 and from which the data for this analysis were obtained. SUBJECTS--10,359 men and women aged 40-59 years were studied. Of these, 2801 current cigarette smokers whose brand …
Cigarette smoking and employment status
The limitations of case-control studies in the detection of environmental carcinogens
The ability of the case-control study to detect human carcinogens has been investigated theoretically for varying fractions of the population exposed to hazards carrying different relative risks. The method is shown to be useful for the investigation of factors to which exposure is widespread (for example, common foods or beverages) but it is of limited use for the study of uncommon types of exposure, such as those associated with occupation. The…
Cigarette smoking and employment status
Child pedestrian deaths
STUDY OBJECTIVE--In case centred epidemiological studies, traffic volume has been shown to be a potent risk factor for child pedestrian injuries. Nevertheless, over the past two decades child pedestrian death rates have fallen in many countries despite large increases in traffic volumes, suggesting that other factors are responsible for the long term decline in death rates. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short term chang…
Cervical screening
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers of visits required to obtain interviews with users and non-users of cervical screening, and to determine the workload involved to enable an optimum visit plan to be developed. DESIGN--Case-control study of users and non-users of cervical screening using a flexible visit plan that involved up to eight attempts at contact. Visits were made in mornings, afternoons, and evenings, the visit pattern being determine…
Failure of cigarette smoking to explain international differences in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to explain international differences in rates and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using two measurements of cigarette smoking, the major risk factor for this disease. DESIGN--Mortality data for COPD were obtained from the World Health Organisation for 31 countries from 1979 to 1988. Smoking data were obtained for most countries. COPD rates were compared to the percentage of current smokers a…
The limitations of case-control studies in the detection of environmental carcinogens
The ability of the case-control study to detect human carcinogens has been investigated theoretically for varying fractions of the population exposed to hazards carrying different relative risks. The method is shown to be useful for the investigation of factors to which exposure is widespread (for example, common foods or beverages) but it is of limited use for the study of uncommon types of exposure, such as those associated with occupation. The…
The limitations of case-control studies in the detection of environmental carcinogens
The ability of the case-control study to detect human carcinogens has been investigated theoretically for varying fractions of the population exposed to hazards carrying different relative risks. The method is shown to be useful for the investigation of factors to which exposure is widespread (for example, common foods or beverages) but it is of limited use for the study of uncommon types of exposure, such as those associated with occupation. The…
Cigarette tar content and symptoms of chronic bronchitis
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine if there was a relationship between cigarette tar yield and rates of chronic cough and chronic phlegm. SETTING--22 districts across Scotland were used for the Scottish Heart Health Study (SHHS) which was conducted between 1984 and 1986 and from which the data for this analysis were obtained. SUBJECTS--10,359 men and women aged 40-59 years were studied. Of these, 2801 current cigarette smokers whose brand …
Cigarette smoking and employment status
Entering the loop
Failure of cigarette smoking to explain international differences in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to explain international differences in rates and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using two measurements of cigarette smoking, the major risk factor for this disease. DESIGN--Mortality data for COPD were obtained from the World Health Organisation for 31 countries from 1979 to 1988. Smoking data were obtained for most countries. COPD rates were compared to the percentage of current smokers a…
Cervical screening
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers of visits required to obtain interviews with users and non-users of cervical screening, and to determine the workload involved to enable an optimum visit plan to be developed. DESIGN--Case-control study of users and non-users of cervical screening using a flexible visit plan that involved up to eight attempts at contact. Visits were made in mornings, afternoons, and evenings, the visit pattern being determine…
Child pedestrian deaths
STUDY OBJECTIVE--In case centred epidemiological studies, traffic volume has been shown to be a potent risk factor for child pedestrian injuries. Nevertheless, over the past two decades child pedestrian death rates have fallen in many countries despite large increases in traffic volumes, suggesting that other factors are responsible for the long term decline in death rates. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short term chang…
Ashma and growth—Cause for concern
This project aimed to investigate the height and weight of children with asthma in the community. The Tayside Childhood Asthma Project examined medical records of 3143 children drawn from 12 general practices, for details of asthma morbidity and management. Concurrently, but independent from it, the Tayside Growth Study measured heights and weights of children aged 3-5, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 years. This paper reports on a cross-sectional analysis of…
When can odds ratios mislead?
Odds ratios are a common measure of the size of an effect and may be reported in case-control studies, cohort studies, or clinical trials. Increasingly, they are also used to report the findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Odds ratios are hard to comprehend directly and are usually interpreted as being equivalent to the relative risk. Unfortunately, there is a recognised problem that odds ratios do not approximate well to the relat…
Targets to tackle the obesity epidemic
Objective Health targets describe government intentions for improving population health. The present paper determines whether the targets which twelve developed countries have set for obesity match the seriousness of the public health problem. Design Policy documents on general public health, obesity, nutrition and physical activity were obtained by repeated searches of government websites. Details of all relevant targets on overweight, obesity, …
What maternal factors influence the diet of 2-year-old children living in deprived areas? A cross-sectional survey
Objective To investigate the maternal factors associated with poor diet among disadvantaged children. Design Survey of 300 mothers of 2-year-old children from areas of high deprivation in Scotland (response rate 81 %). A diet quality score was derived from reported consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruit and vegetables, dairy products and restriction of sugary fatty foods. Results Most children (85 %) were classified as having a poor quality…
Tracking of physical activity behaviours during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood
Aim: To conduct a systematic literature search to identify studies providing data on the tracking of physical activity behaviours in children and young people. Methods: Seven bibliographic databases were searched systematically in July-August 2008 using search strategies built around three groups of keywords: physical activity, study type and young people. Studies included in the review had to be prospective, longitudinal studies that reported da…
P2-67 Reversing the epidemic of cirrhosis mortality
Introduction Alcohol is one of the top 10 risk factors for death in middle and high income countries. As average incomes in developing nations rise, disposable income will become available for alcohol. This could result in epidemics of alcohol related illness. Average national alcohol consumption has been shown to correlate with national rates of liver cirrhosis mortality in developed nations. Many countries have reversed trends of increasing cir…
P2-52 A sobering text
Introduction Disadvantaged men suffer substantial harm from heavy drinking. Effective brief interventions to reduce alcohol consumption have been developed for middle-aged men. These were mainly delivered in healthcare settings. Disadvantaged young men seldom attend healthcare. A tailored brief intervention delivered by text message provides a low cost method for accessing this hard to reach group. Methods Focus groups were conducted with disadva…
Medicine (14 obras) · Environmental health (8 obras) · Demography (6 obras) · Internal Medicine (6 obras) · Internal Medicine (4 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (4 obras) · Population (4 obras) · Cigarette smoking (3 obras) · Demography (3 obras) · Gerontology (3 obras)