Majid Ezzati
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1737074 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Majid Ezzati |
| PRENOMES | Majid |
| SOBRENOME | Ezzati |
| ASSINATURA | EZZATI M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Imperial College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2109-8081 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 91 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 90 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Capturing urban activities and environment across time scales
Cities have complex dynamics on timescales from hourly and daily changes to monthly shifts and annual trends. We used time-lapsed street-view imagery (SVI) to capture and analyse temporal trends of urban environmental features in Accra, Ghana. We collected a novel dataset of 6.8 million street-view images (SVI) at five-minute intervals over five years at ten representative locations in Accra, Ghana. We used a fine-tuned YOLOv7 object detection mo…
Estimating the impact of nutritional transition and ending hunger on tuberculosis in 12 high-burden countries
BACKGROUND: Nutrition is a critical determinant of tuberculosis (TB), providing a protective effect at high body mass index (BMI) and incurring an increased risk of TB disease at low BMI. Global nutritional transition and interventions to end hunger could directly affect the TB epidemic in high TB burden countries. METHODS: We constructed dynamic TB transmission models for 12 high TB burden countries with low HIV prevalence. We explicitly account…
Advancing knowledge, maps and tools to address obesity and related socio-economic disparities in Europe
The steady rise in overweight and obesity in Europe disproportionately affects people and communities with a lower socio-economic position (SEP). Many obesity prevention approaches exist, but these have had limited reach and unsatisfactory effects thus far, especially in low-SEP populations. In this context, there is a need for implementation of effective individual-level and population-based preventive strategies that also tackle health inequali…
City-wide space-time patterns of environmental noise pollution in Kigali, Rwanda
As cities in sub-Saharan Africa become more crowded, noise pollution is also emerging as an important environmental concern, after air pollution. Yet, unlike air pollution, which is enjoying relatively more public attention, there is limited measurement data and policy efforts on environmental noise pollution. We followed a recent city-wide measurement approach used in Accra (Ghana) and characterized environmental noise patterns in Kigali, a cont…
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
Inequalities in urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa
Road traffic has become the leading source of air pollution in fast-growing sub-Saharan African cities. Yet, there is a dearth of robust city-wide data for understanding space-time variations and inequalities in combustion related emissions and exposures. We combined nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) measurement data from 134 locations in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), with geographical, meteorological, and population fa…
Identifying deprived “slum” neighbourhoods in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana using census and remote sensing data
Our approach using ubiquitously available administrative and satellite data can be used to identify deprived neighbourhoods where interventions are warranted to improve living conditions, and track progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals aiming to reduce the population living in unsafe or vulnerable human settlements
Strangers in a strange land
Urban poverty is not limited to informal settlements, rather it extends throughout cities, with the poor and affluent often living in close proximity. Using a novel dataset derived from the full Ghanaian Census, we investigate how neighbourhood versus household socio-economic status (SES) relates to a set of household development outcomes (related to housing quality, energy, water and sanitation, and information technology) in Accra, Ghana. We th…
Trends and Disparities in Adult Body Mass Index Across the 47 Prefectures of Japan, 1975–2018
Background Among high-income countries, Japan has a low prevalence of obesity, but little is understood about subnational trends and variations in body mass index (BMI), largely owing to the lack of data from representative samples of prefectures. We aimed to examine long-term trends and distributions of adult BMI at the prefecture level in Japan from the late 1970s using a spatiotemporal model. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data for 233,98…
Neighbourhood, built environment and children’s outdoor play spaces in urban Ghana
Although a great deal of research work has been done by social scientists on walkability and playability, the focus to a large extent has been on the global north. Research work on the urban built environment and children's play has not engaged Africa in general and Ghana in particular. More importantly, there is limited evidence of policies in terms of community-based practices and governmental policies and programmes for the promotion of play. …
Spatial heterogeneity in drinking water sources in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (Gama), Ghana
Universal access to safe drinking water is essential to population health and well-being, as recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). To develop targeted policies which improve urban access to improved water and ensure equity, there is the need to understand the spatial heterogeneity in drinking water sources and the factors underlying these patterns. Using the Shannon Entropy Index and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes at …
Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension
High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. Mean blood pressure and the prevalence of raised blood pressure have declined substantially in high-income regions since at least the 1970s. By contrast, blood pressure has risen in East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa. Given these trends, the prevalence of…
Body-mass index and obesity in urban and rural China
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blo…
Trends and Inequalities in the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Beijing Townships, 2007–2018
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a serious disease burden in China, but studies on small-area characteristics of AMI incidence are lacking. We therefore examined temporal trends and geographic variations in AMI incidence at the township level in Beijing. In this cross-sectional analysis, 259,830 AMI events during 2007-2018 from the Beijing Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance System were included. We estimated AMI incidence for 307 consiste…
A spatiotemporal analysis of inequalities in life expectancy and 20 causes of mortality in sub-neighbourhoods of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1990–2016
Spatially varying baseline data can help identify and prioritise actions directed to determinants of intra-urban health inequalities. Twenty-seven years (1990-2016) of cause-specific mortality data in British Columbia, Canada were linked to three demographic data sources. Bayesian small area estimation models were used to estimate life expectancy (LE) at birth and 20 cause-specific mortality rates by sex and year. The gaps in LE for males and fem…
Nowhere to Play
Experiencing outdoor space, especially natural space, during childhood and adolescence has beneficial physical and mental health effects, including improved cognitive and motor skills and a lower risk of obesity. Since school-age children typically spend 35-40 hours per week at schools, we quantified their access to open (non-built-up) space and green space at schools in Greater London. We linked land use information from the UK Ordnance Survey w…
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease …
Magnitude, demographics and dynamics of the effect of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality in 21 industrialized countries
The Lancet NCDI Poverty Commission
The obesity transition
The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change
World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts
BACKGROUND: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. METHODS: In this model revision initiative, we derived…
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Iran in transition
Being the second-largest country in the Middle East, Iran has a long history of civilisation during which several dynasties have been overthrown and established and health-related structures have been reorganised. Iran has had the replacement of traditional practices with modern medical treatments, emergence of multiple pioneer scientists and physicians with great contributions to the advancement of science, environmental and ecological changes i…
Is inequality at the heart of it? Cross-country associations of income inequality with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors
Contraceptive Use, Birth Spacing, and Autonomy
Oportunidades , a conditional cash‐transfer program instituted in Mexico in 1997, provides cash incentives to mothers to invest in the health and education of family members. Drawing from data gathered by Mexico's National Institute of Public Health, this study assesses the effect of the program on contraceptive use and birth spacing among titulares (female household heads) living in rural areas during the experimental period, 1998–2000, and duri…
Towards an Integrated Framework for Development and Environment Policy
Spatial heterogeneity in drinking water sources in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (Gama), Ghana
Universal access to safe drinking water is essential to population health and well-being, as recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). To develop targeted policies which improve urban access to improved water and ensure equity, there is the need to understand the spatial heterogeneity in drinking water sources and the factors underlying these patterns. Using the Shannon Entropy Index and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes at …
Identifying deprived “slum” neighbourhoods in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana using census and remote sensing data
Our approach using ubiquitously available administrative and satellite data can be used to identify deprived neighbourhoods where interventions are warranted to improve living conditions, and track progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals aiming to reduce the population living in unsafe or vulnerable human settlements
Household transitions to clean energy in a multiprovincial cohort study in China
Stunting risk of orphans by caregiver and living arrangement in low-income and middle-income countries
Early orphanhood constitutes a major risk for children's physical development in LMICs. However, the results suggest that the adverse effects of a parental loss can be mitigated if appropriate support is provided, indicating the potential benefits of the surviving parents staying with their children. The benefits of targeted social policies aimed at single fathers and grandparents supporting orphans may be significant
Environmental risks in the developing world
Background: Monitoring and empirical evaluation are essential components of evidence based public health policies and programmes. Consequently, there is a growing interest in monitoring of, and indicators for, major environmental health risks, particularly in the developing world. Current large scale data collection efforts are generally disconnected from micro-scale studies in health sciences, which in turn have insufficiently investigated the b…
A spatiotemporal analysis of inequalities in life expectancy and 20 causes of mortality in sub-neighbourhoods of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1990–2016
Spatially varying baseline data can help identify and prioritise actions directed to determinants of intra-urban health inequalities. Twenty-seven years (1990-2016) of cause-specific mortality data in British Columbia, Canada were linked to three demographic data sources. Bayesian small area estimation models were used to estimate life expectancy (LE) at birth and 20 cause-specific mortality rates by sex and year. The gaps in LE for males and fem…
Nowhere to Play
Experiencing outdoor space, especially natural space, during childhood and adolescence has beneficial physical and mental health effects, including improved cognitive and motor skills and a lower risk of obesity. Since school-age children typically spend 35-40 hours per week at schools, we quantified their access to open (non-built-up) space and green space at schools in Greater London. We linked land use information from the UK Ordnance Survey w…
Altitude, life expectancy and mortality from ischaemic heart disease, stroke, COPD and cancers
BACKGROUND: There is a substantial variation in life expectancy across US counties, primarily owing to differentials in chronic diseases. The authors' aim was to examine the association of life expectancy and mortality from selected diseases with altitude. METHODS: The authors used data from the National Elevation Dataset, National Center for Heath Statistics and US Census. The authors analysed the crude association of mean county altitude with l…
Exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use in rural China
Towards an Integrated Framework for Development and Environment Policy
Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease
Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000
Comparative quantification of health risks
Reliable and comparable analysis of risks to health is key for preventing disease and injury. Causal attribution of morbidity and mortality to risk factors has traditionally been conducted in the context of methodological traditions of individual risk factors, often in a limited number of settings, restricting comparability.In this paper, we discuss the conceptual and methodological issues for quantifying the population health effects of individu…
Measuring the accumulated hazards of smoking
In the absence of detailed data on smoking prevalence and history, lung cancer mortality provides a robust indicator of the accumulated hazards of smoking. These hazards in developing countries are currently more concentrated among young and middle aged males
Regional, disease specific patterns of smoking-attributable mortality in 2000
Smoking was an important cause of global mortality in 2000, affecting a large number of diseases. Age, sex, and disease patterns of smoking-caused mortality varied greatly across regions, due to both historical and current smoking patterns, and the presence of other risk factors that affect background mortality from specific diseases
Causes of cancer in the world
Rethinking the “Diseases of Affluence” Paradigm
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases and their nutritional risk factors--including overweight and obesity, elevated blood pressure, and cholesterol--are among the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity, and have been predicted to rise with economic development. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We examined age-standardized mean population levels of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol in relation to national income, …
The contribution of leading diseases and risk factors to excess losses of healthy life in eastern Europe
The main requirements for reducing excess health losses in the east of Europe are: 1) favorable shifts in all amenable vascular risk factors (irrespective of their current levels) by population-wide and personal measures; 2) intensified tobacco control; 3) reduced alcohol consumption and injury control strategies (for example, for road traffic injuries). Cost effective strategies are broadly known but local institutional support for them needs st…
Environmental risks in the developing world
Background: Monitoring and empirical evaluation are essential components of evidence based public health policies and programmes. Consequently, there is a growing interest in monitoring of, and indicators for, major environmental health risks, particularly in the developing world. Current large scale data collection efforts are generally disconnected from micro-scale studies in health sciences, which in turn have insufficiently investigated the b…
Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors
This volume is a single up-to-date \n source on the entire global epidemiology of diseases, \n injuries and risk factors with a comprehensive statement of \n methods and a complete presentation of results. It includes \n refined methods to assess data, ensure epidemiological \n consistency, and summarize the disease burden. Global Burden \n of Disease and Risk Factors examines the comparative \n importance of diseases, injuries, and risk factors;…
Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001
Eight Americas
BACKGROUND: The gap between the highest and lowest life expectancies for race-county combinations in the United States is over 35 y. We divided the race-county combinations of the US population into eight distinct groups, referred to as the "eight Americas," to explore the causes of the disparities that can inform specific public health intervention policies and programs. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The eight Americas were defined based on race, locati…
Community effectiveness of stove and health education interventions for reducing exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in four Chinese provinces
Indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass and coal is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden in the developing world. There is limited evidence of the community effectiveness of interventions for reducing IAP exposure. We conducted a community-based intervention study of stove and health education interventions in four low-income Chinese provinces: Gansu, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. Separate townships in one county in each provin…
Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon
Both household and community factors have significant impact on child health in Cameroon. Understanding these relationships can facilitate design of age- and community-specific intervention programs
Exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use in rural China
Reconsidering ‘appropriate technology’
We examined the performance of two household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) systems, the Danvor plastic biosand filter and the Potters for Peace Filtron ceramic filter, under ideal as well as modified operating conditions using systematic and comparable measurements. The operating variables for the biosand filter were (i) pause times between filtration runs, (ii) water-dosing volumes and (iii) the effluent volume at which a filtered wate…
The Reversal of Fortunes
BACKGROUND: Counties are the smallest unit for which mortality data are routinely available, allowing consistent and comparable long-term analysis of trends in health disparities. Average life expectancy has steadily increased in the United States but there is limited information on long-term mortality trends in the US counties This study aimed to investigate trends in county mortality and cross-county mortality disparities, including the contrib…
Maternal and child undernutrition
Is inequality at the heart of it? Cross-country associations of income inequality with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors
The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the number of deaths caused by risk factors is needed for health policy and priority setting. Our aim was to estimate the mortality effects of the following 12 modifiable dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors in the United States (US) using consistent and comparable methods: high blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and blood pressure; overweight-obesity; high dietary trans fatty acids and sa…
Fine-Particulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United States
BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine-particulate air pollution has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, suggesting that sustained reductions in pollution exposure should result in improved life expectancy. This study directly evaluated the changes in life expectancy associated with differential changes in fine particulate air pollution that occurred in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. METHODS: We compiled data on life expe…
Contraceptive Use, Birth Spacing, and Autonomy
Oportunidades , a conditional cash‐transfer program instituted in Mexico in 1997, provides cash incentives to mothers to invest in the health and education of family members. Drawing from data gathered by Mexico's National Institute of Public Health, this study assesses the effect of the program on contraceptive use and birth spacing among titulares (female household heads) living in rural areas during the experimental period, 1998–2000, and duri…
What has made the population of Japan healthy?
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980
Medicine (71 obras) · Environmental health (67 obras) · Population (53 obras) · Demography (43 obras) · Geography (27 obras) · Internal Medicine (22 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (20 obras) · Public health (20 obras) · Disease (18 obras) · Gerontology (18 obras)