Shamim Qazi
Biographic Data
| ID | 1737172 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Shamim Qazi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Shamim |
| FAMILY NAME | Qazi |
| SIGNATURE | QAZI S |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Health Organization |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9688-9259 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of new treatment strategies for the management of young infants with low- or moderate-mortality risk signs of possible serious bacterial infection
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) is coordinating two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) across three sites in Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania) and four in Asia (one in Bangladesh, two in India, and one in Pakistan) to generate evidence on the optimal place of treatment for young infants (YIs) with a single low-mortality risk sign of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) and switching antibiotic therapy from injectabl…
Implementation research on enhanced community case management of pneumonia in Bangladesh
Background: Previous trials in Africa and Asia, including Bangladesh, showed that community health workers can effectively treat young infants (7-59 days) with fast breathing and children (2-59 months) with chest indrawing pneumonia at home with oral amoxicillin using enhanced integrated community case management (iCCM) protocols. However, the Enhanced Management of Pneumonia in Community (EMPIC), its pneumonia-specific component, has not yet bee…
Priority implementation research for measles-rubella microarray patches identified using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology
Background: Measles and rubella continue to be a significant global health challenge, disproportionately impacting marginalised communities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Innovative technologies such as measles-rubella microarray patches (MR-MAPs) are currently in development and can potentially improve immunisation coverage and equity through their unique product characteristics. Nonetheless, the limited evidence around their use c…
Assessment of childhood pneumonia management and outcomes at primary healthcare centres in Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five mortality in Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan adopted the revised World Health Organization guidelines, which recommend outpatient management of chest indrawing pneumonia using oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months. We evaluated the management and outcomes of the guidelines at the primary healthcare (PHC) settings in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a…
Treatment practices and outcomes of chest indrawing pneumonia in children aged 2–59 months in primary health facilities of Kamuli District, Eastern Uganda
Background: The World Health Organization revised its pneumonia guideline for managing children with chest indrawing and/or fast breathing, classifying them as 'pneumonia' and treating them with oral antibiotics at home; the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol was revised accordingly. Evidence is needed on outcomes and treatment practices with the application of revised guidelines in programme settings. Methods: This prospe…
Outpatient management of children with chest indrawing pneumonia in primary healthcare settings in Punjab, Pakistan
Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality among children under five years of age in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan revised the national Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol in 2019, recommending outpatient treatment of pneumonia, characterised by fast breathing and/or chest indrawing, with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months. We aimed to evaluate parents/caregivers-reported outcomes in childr…
Causes and risk factors for deaths in young infants in South Asia
INTRODUCTION: Strategies for reducing infant mortality require accurate, local, population-level data. We conducted a population-based observational study in three countries in South Asia to describe risk factors, causes and rates of mortality in young infants. METHODS: Pregnancies, births and pregnancy outcomes were determined through household surveillance, and cause of deaths was ascertained by verbal autopsy. Cox regression was used to identi…
Development and validation of a novel clinical risk score to predict hypoxaemia in children with pneumonia using the WHO PREPARE dataset
BACKGROUND: Hypoxaemia predicts mortality at all levels of care, and appropriate management can reduce preventable deaths. However, pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy remain inaccessible in many primary care health facilities. We aimed to develop and validate a simple risk score comprising commonly evaluated clinical features to predict hypoxaemia in 2-59-month-old children with pneumonia. METHODS: Data from seven studies conducted in five countri…
Outcomes of children aged 2–59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia managed on an outpatient basis in selected primary health facilities in Zambia
Background: Zambia has a high burden of child pneumonia, with approximately 6000 children under five dying annually from this condition. We aimed to gather evidence about the outcomes two weeks after enrolment for children 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia who were managed in primary health care facilities in Zambia. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted between October 2022 and April 2024 in eight primary health care fa…
Outcome and management of children with chest indrawing pneumonia at primary health care settings in Pakistan
Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood mortality in Pakistan. In 2019, the Government of Pakistan revised the national Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) chart booklet, following the World Health Organization's recommendation for outpatient management with oral antibiotics of children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia. We aimed to assess the outcomes of children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneum…
Management and outcomes of chest-indrawing pneumonia among children aged 2–59 months in a programme setting in Ethiopia
Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. In 2012, the World Health Organization revised its guidelines for managing childhood pneumonia and recommended oral amoxicillin for the outpatient treatment of chest indrawing pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months. While the Ethiopian government subsequently adopted these revised pneumonia guidelines, the level of their implementation and of …
Incidence of possible serious bacterial infection in young infants in the three high-burden countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria
Background: Neonatal infections are a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where most of the infection-related deaths in under-five children occur. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest mortality rates, but there is a lack of data on the incidence of sepsis from this region, hindering efforts to improve child survival. We aimed to determine the incidence of possible serious bacterial infection (PSB…
Cost of treating sick young infants (0-59 days) with Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in resource-constrained outpatient primary care facilities
Background: Information on the average and incremental costs of implementing alternative strategies for treating young infants 0-59 days old in primary health facilities with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) when a referral is not feasible is limited but valuable for policymakers. Methods: Direct activity costs were calculated for outpatient treatment of PSBI and pneumonia in two districts of India: Palwal, Haryana and Lucknow…
Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial infection among young infants in South Asia
OBJECTIVE: Risk factors predisposing infants to community-acquired bacterial infections during the first 2 months of life are poorly understood in South Asia. Identifying risk factors for infection could lead to improved preventive measures and antibiotic stewardship. METHODS: Five sites in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan enrolled mother-child pairs via population-based pregnancy surveillance by community health workers. Medical, sociodemographic …
Cost-effectiveness and sustainability of improved hospital oxygen systems in Nigeria
INTRODUCTION: Improving hospital oxygen systems can improve quality of care and reduce mortality for children, but we lack data on cost-effectiveness or sustainability. This study evaluated medium-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme. METHODS: Prospective follow-up of a stepped-wedge trial involving 12 secondary-level hospitals. Cross-sectional facility assessment, clinical audit (January-March…
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings. METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, incl…
Paediatric pneumonia research priorities in the context of Covid-19
Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of infectious deaths in children under-five globally. We update the research priorities for childhood pneumonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore whether previous priorities have been addressed. Methods: We conducted an eDelphi study from November 2019 to June 2021. Experts were invited to take part, targeting balance by: gender, profession, and high (HIC) and low- and middle-incom…
Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible trea…
Measuring coverage and quality of supportive care for inpatient neonatal infections
Background: An estimated 7 million episodes of severe newborn infections occur annually worldwide, with half a million newborn deaths, most occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Whilst injectable antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection, supportive care is also crucial in ending preventable mortality and morbidity. This study uses multi-country data to assess gaps in coverage, quality, and documentation of supportive care, consid…
External validation of the Risc, Risc-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia
BACKGROUND: Existing scores to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality lack broad external validation. Our objective was to externally validate three such risk scores. METHODS: We applied the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) for HIV-negative children, the RISC-Malawi, and the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) scores to hospitalized children in the Pneumonia REsearch Partnerships to …
An analysis of clinical predictive values for radiographic pneumonia in children
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare providers in resource-limited settings rely on the presence of tachypnoea and chest indrawing to establish a diagnosis of pneumonia in children. We aimed to determine the test characteristics of commonly assessed signs and symptoms for the radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia in children 0-59 months of age. METHODS: We conducted an analysis using patient-level pooled data from 41 shared datasets of paediatric pneumonia. We…
One-arm safety intervention study on community case management of chest indrawing pneumonia in children in Nigeria – a study protocol
Current recommendations within integrated community case management (iCCM) programmes advise community health workers (CHWs) to refer cases of chest indrawing pneumonia to health facilities for treatment, but many children die due to delays or non-compliance with referral advice. Recent revision of World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia guidelines and integrated management of childhood illness chart booklet recommend oral amoxicillin for treat…
A prospective validation study in South-West Nigeria on caregiver report of childhood pneumonia and antibiotic treatment using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey…
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children under five worldwide. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) provide health information on care sought for sick children in resource poor settings. Despite not being primarily designed to identify childhood pneumonia, there are concerns that reported episodes of "symptoms of acute respiratory infection" in DHS an…
Care seeking behaviour and aspects of quality of care by caregivers for children under five with and without pneumonia in Ibadan, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the differences in reported care seeking behaviour and treatment between children with pneumonia and children without pneumonia with cough and/or difficult breathing. METHODS: Three hundred and two children aged 0-59 months with fast breathing pneumonia were matched with 302 children seeking care for cough and/or difficult breathing at four outpatient clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. After follow up at home,…
Setting research priorities for maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition in India by engaging experts from 256 indigenous institutions contributing over 4000 research ideas
BACKGROUND: Health research in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) is often driven by donor priorities rather than by the needs of the countries where the research takes place. This lack of alignment of donor's priorities with local research need may be one of the reasons why countries fail to achieve set goals for population health and nutrition. India has a high burden of morbidity and mortality in women, children and infants. In order to…
Routine checks for HIV in children attending primary health care facilities in South Africa
Community health workers
There is ample evidence from research and implementation to show that community health workers, when appropriately trained, supplied, supported and supervised, can identify and correctly treat most children for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. Community management of childhood illness is an important contribution to the remarkable progress in reducing child mortality. Globally, the rate of under–five mortality has decreased by nearly half, from …
Setting global research priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM)
AIMS: To systematically identify global research gaps and resource priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM). METHODS: An iCCM Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) Advisory Group, in collaboration with the Community Case Management Operational Research Group (CCM ORG) identified experts to participate in a CHNRI research priority setting exercise. These experts generated and systematically ranked research questi…
Setting research priorities for maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition in India by engaging experts from 256 indigenous institutions contributing over 4000 research ideas
BACKGROUND: Health research in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) is often driven by donor priorities rather than by the needs of the countries where the research takes place. This lack of alignment of donor's priorities with local research need may be one of the reasons why countries fail to achieve set goals for population health and nutrition. India has a high burden of morbidity and mortality in women, children and infants. In order to…
Cost–effectiveness analysis of revised WHO guidelines for management of childhood pneumonia in 74 Countdown countries
BACKGROUND: Treatment of childhood pneumonia is a key priority in low-income countries, with substantial resource implications. WHO revised their guidelines for the management of childhood pneumonia in 2013. We estimated and compared the resource requirements, total direct medical cost and cost-effectiveness of childhood pneumonia management in 74 countries with high burden of child mortality (Countdown countries) using the 2005 and 2013 revised …
A prospective validation study in South-West Nigeria on caregiver report of childhood pneumonia and antibiotic treatment using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey…
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children under five worldwide. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) provide health information on care sought for sick children in resource poor settings. Despite not being primarily designed to identify childhood pneumonia, there are concerns that reported episodes of "symptoms of acute respiratory infection" in DHS an…
Care seeking behaviour and aspects of quality of care by caregivers for children under five with and without pneumonia in Ibadan, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the differences in reported care seeking behaviour and treatment between children with pneumonia and children without pneumonia with cough and/or difficult breathing. METHODS: Three hundred and two children aged 0-59 months with fast breathing pneumonia were matched with 302 children seeking care for cough and/or difficult breathing at four outpatient clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. After follow up at home,…
An analysis of clinical predictive values for radiographic pneumonia in children
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare providers in resource-limited settings rely on the presence of tachypnoea and chest indrawing to establish a diagnosis of pneumonia in children. We aimed to determine the test characteristics of commonly assessed signs and symptoms for the radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia in children 0-59 months of age. METHODS: We conducted an analysis using patient-level pooled data from 41 shared datasets of paediatric pneumonia. We…
One-arm safety intervention study on community case management of chest indrawing pneumonia in children in Nigeria – a study protocol
Current recommendations within integrated community case management (iCCM) programmes advise community health workers (CHWs) to refer cases of chest indrawing pneumonia to health facilities for treatment, but many children die due to delays or non-compliance with referral advice. Recent revision of World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia guidelines and integrated management of childhood illness chart booklet recommend oral amoxicillin for treat…
External validation of the Risc, Risc-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia
BACKGROUND: Existing scores to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality lack broad external validation. Our objective was to externally validate three such risk scores. METHODS: We applied the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) for HIV-negative children, the RISC-Malawi, and the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) scores to hospitalized children in the Pneumonia REsearch Partnerships to …
Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial infection among young infants in South Asia
OBJECTIVE: Risk factors predisposing infants to community-acquired bacterial infections during the first 2 months of life are poorly understood in South Asia. Identifying risk factors for infection could lead to improved preventive measures and antibiotic stewardship. METHODS: Five sites in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan enrolled mother-child pairs via population-based pregnancy surveillance by community health workers. Medical, sociodemographic …
Cost-effectiveness and sustainability of improved hospital oxygen systems in Nigeria
INTRODUCTION: Improving hospital oxygen systems can improve quality of care and reduce mortality for children, but we lack data on cost-effectiveness or sustainability. This study evaluated medium-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme. METHODS: Prospective follow-up of a stepped-wedge trial involving 12 secondary-level hospitals. Cross-sectional facility assessment, clinical audit (January-March…
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings. METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, incl…
Paediatric pneumonia research priorities in the context of Covid-19
Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of infectious deaths in children under-five globally. We update the research priorities for childhood pneumonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore whether previous priorities have been addressed. Methods: We conducted an eDelphi study from November 2019 to June 2021. Experts were invited to take part, targeting balance by: gender, profession, and high (HIC) and low- and middle-incom…
Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible trea…
Measuring coverage and quality of supportive care for inpatient neonatal infections
Background: An estimated 7 million episodes of severe newborn infections occur annually worldwide, with half a million newborn deaths, most occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Whilst injectable antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection, supportive care is also crucial in ending preventable mortality and morbidity. This study uses multi-country data to assess gaps in coverage, quality, and documentation of supportive care, consid…
Cost of treating sick young infants (0-59 days) with Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in resource-constrained outpatient primary care facilities
Background: Information on the average and incremental costs of implementing alternative strategies for treating young infants 0-59 days old in primary health facilities with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) when a referral is not feasible is limited but valuable for policymakers. Methods: Direct activity costs were calculated for outpatient treatment of PSBI and pneumonia in two districts of India: Palwal, Haryana and Lucknow…
Incidence of possible serious bacterial infection in young infants in the three high-burden countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria
Background: Neonatal infections are a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where most of the infection-related deaths in under-five children occur. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest mortality rates, but there is a lack of data on the incidence of sepsis from this region, hindering efforts to improve child survival. We aimed to determine the incidence of possible serious bacterial infection (PSB…
Causes and risk factors for deaths in young infants in South Asia
INTRODUCTION: Strategies for reducing infant mortality require accurate, local, population-level data. We conducted a population-based observational study in three countries in South Asia to describe risk factors, causes and rates of mortality in young infants. METHODS: Pregnancies, births and pregnancy outcomes were determined through household surveillance, and cause of deaths was ascertained by verbal autopsy. Cox regression was used to identi…
Development and validation of a novel clinical risk score to predict hypoxaemia in children with pneumonia using the WHO PREPARE dataset
BACKGROUND: Hypoxaemia predicts mortality at all levels of care, and appropriate management can reduce preventable deaths. However, pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy remain inaccessible in many primary care health facilities. We aimed to develop and validate a simple risk score comprising commonly evaluated clinical features to predict hypoxaemia in 2-59-month-old children with pneumonia. METHODS: Data from seven studies conducted in five countri…
Outcomes of children aged 2–59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia managed on an outpatient basis in selected primary health facilities in Zambia
Background: Zambia has a high burden of child pneumonia, with approximately 6000 children under five dying annually from this condition. We aimed to gather evidence about the outcomes two weeks after enrolment for children 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia who were managed in primary health care facilities in Zambia. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted between October 2022 and April 2024 in eight primary health care fa…
Outcome and management of children with chest indrawing pneumonia at primary health care settings in Pakistan
Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood mortality in Pakistan. In 2019, the Government of Pakistan revised the national Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) chart booklet, following the World Health Organization's recommendation for outpatient management with oral antibiotics of children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia. We aimed to assess the outcomes of children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneum…
Management and outcomes of chest-indrawing pneumonia among children aged 2–59 months in a programme setting in Ethiopia
Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. In 2012, the World Health Organization revised its guidelines for managing childhood pneumonia and recommended oral amoxicillin for the outpatient treatment of chest indrawing pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months. While the Ethiopian government subsequently adopted these revised pneumonia guidelines, the level of their implementation and of …
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of new treatment strategies for the management of young infants with low- or moderate-mortality risk signs of possible serious bacterial infection
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) is coordinating two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) across three sites in Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania) and four in Asia (one in Bangladesh, two in India, and one in Pakistan) to generate evidence on the optimal place of treatment for young infants (YIs) with a single low-mortality risk sign of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) and switching antibiotic therapy from injectabl…
Implementation research on enhanced community case management of pneumonia in Bangladesh
Background: Previous trials in Africa and Asia, including Bangladesh, showed that community health workers can effectively treat young infants (7-59 days) with fast breathing and children (2-59 months) with chest indrawing pneumonia at home with oral amoxicillin using enhanced integrated community case management (iCCM) protocols. However, the Enhanced Management of Pneumonia in Community (EMPIC), its pneumonia-specific component, has not yet bee…
Medicine (22 works) · Pneumonia (18 works) · Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections (17 works) · Pediatrics (15 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (11 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Respiratory viral infections research (9 works) · Antibiotic Use and Resistance (8 works) · Family medicine (8 works)