Ross C Brownson
Biographic Data
| ID | 1737294 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ross C Brownson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ross C |
| FAMILY NAME | Brownson |
| SIGNATURE | BROWNSON R C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4260-2205 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 125 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 467 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 125 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Factors Affecting Access to and Utilisation of HIV/Aids Preventive Services Among Young Single Mothers Working in Alcohol Serving Establishments in Rwanda: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Do Priorities for Developing Livable Cities Change Over Time
This study examines changes in elements considered essential for developing livable cities, as identified by researchers and practitioners in urban planning, public health, and related fields in the United States. Data were collected in 2017 and 2024, using Concept Mapping surveys, which integrates diverse opinions through brainstorming, sorting, and rating phases. The findings reveal that environmental sustainability has emerged as a high-import…
Exploring implementation strategies in evidence-based open streets programs for promoting physical activity in the Americas: A scoping review
Introduction: Chronic diseases are a leading public health concern in the Americas, and physical inactivity contributes significantly to their burden. Open streets program-community initiatives that temporarily close urban streets to vehicles-promote physical activity and community engagement, demonstrating positive health and social impacts. Effective implementation depends on identifying suitable strategies and frameworks. The Expert Recommenda…
Cluster randomized multilevel intervention for promoting physical activity in rural communities
Introduction: Rural areas of the United States have lower levels of physical activity (PA) as compared to their urban and suburban counterparts, leading to higher levels of chronic diseases. The objective of the study was to increase PA in rural communities via a multilevel intervention. Methods: We implemented a cluster randomized controlled trial of a community-based multilevel PA intervention between 2019 and 2022 in 14 rural communities. The …
Effectively communicating with local policymakers: A randomized trial of policy brief dissemination to address obesity
Introduction: Evidence-based policies are a powerful tool for impacting health and addressing obesity. Effectively communicating evidence to policymakers is critical to ensure evidence is incorporated into policies. While all public health is local, limited knowledge exists regarding effective approaches for improving local policymakers' uptake of evidence-based policies. Methods: Local policymakers were randomized to view one of four versions of…
A qualitative exploration of disseminating research findings among public health researchers in China
There was a lack of understanding and experience of dissemination, indicating a lack of emphasis on active dissemination in China. We provide implications for raising awareness, building capacity, facilitating multidisciplinary collaboration, providing incentives and infrastructure, changing climate and culture, establishing communication and executive networks, and accelerating systematic shifts in impact focus
Who Benefits? A Mixed Methods Study Assessing Community Use of a Major Metropolitan Park During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Revisiting The Future of Public Health: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Municipal officials’ perspectives on policymaking for addressing obesity and health equity
Understanding factors affecting the uptake of EBPs can inform local-level interventions that encourage EBP adoption
Program adaptation by health departments
Introduction: The dissemination of evidence-based interventions (i.e., programs, practices, and policies) is a core function of US state health departments (SHDs). However, interventions are originally designed and tested with a specific population and context. Hence, adapting the intervention to meet the real-world circumstances and population's needs can increase the likelihood of achieving the expected health outcomes for the target population…
How to “Start Small and Just Keep Moving Forward”: Mixed Methods Results From a Stepped-Wedge Trial to Support Evidence-Based Processes in Local Health Departments
Background Local health departments (LHDs) in the United States are charged with preventing disease and promoting health in their respective communities. Understanding and addressing what supports LHD's need to foster a climate and culture supportive of evidence-based decision making (EBDM) processes can enhance delivery of effective practices and services. Methods We employed a stepped-wedge trial design to test staggered delivery of implementat…
Multilevel correlates of domain-specific physical activity among rural adults – a cross-sectional study
PA primarily occurred in the occupational domain among this sample of rural mid-Western adults. Findings highlight the need for multilevel interventions to address PA across multiple domains in rural communities, especially among females and older adults
Advancing Public Health and Preventive Medicine
An Examination of Factors Affecting State Legislators’ Support for Parity Laws for Different Mental Illnesses
Implementation science should give higher priority to health equity
Approaches for Ending Ineffective Programs: Strategies From State Public Health Practitioners
Background: Public health agencies are increasingly concerned with ensuring they are maximizing limited resources by delivering evidence-based programs to enhance population-level chronic disease outcomes. Yet, there is little guidance on how to end ineffective programs that continue in communities. The purpose of this analysis is to identify what strategies public health practitioners perceive to be effective in de-implementing, or reducing the …
Building the Next Generation of Researchers: Mentored Training in Dissemination and Implementation Science
PROBLEM: Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science provides the tools needed to close the gap between known intervention strategies and their effective application. The authors report on the Mentored Training for Dissemination and Implementation Research in Cancer (MT-DIRC) program-a D&I training program for postdoctoral or early-career cancer prevention and control scholars. APPROACH: MT-DIRC was a 2-year training institute in which fellows…
Association of personal network attributes with clean cooking adoption in rural South India
Adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the primary policy approach in India to transition rural poor communities toward clean cooking behavior. Prior clean cooking studies show that affordability, accessibility, and awareness impact LPG adoption in India. There is scarce research that explores the association of personal networks of community members in their LPG adoption. In this cross-sectional study, we use standard egocentric personal n…
Patterns and correlates of mis-implementation in state chronic disease public health practice in the United States
The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes
Bridging Research and Practice to Implement Strategic Public Health Science
Different Responses to Covid-19 in Four US States: Washington, New York, Missouri, and Alabama
Actual Causes of Death in Relation to Media, Policy, and Funding Attention: Examining Public Health Priorities
Despite numerous public health advancements over the last century, we continue to under-invest in prevention and public health efforts. As a result, one of the most challenging aspects of public health is prioritizing the use of limited resources. Building on the foundation of previous researchers, the goal of this exploratory study was to provide current estimates for the actual causes of death, media attention, policy focus, and research fundin…
Looking beyond the Lamppost: Population-Level Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer
Although innovative and impactful interventions are necessary for the primary prevention of breast cancer, the factors influencing program adoption, implementation, and sustainment are key, yet remain poorly understood. Insufficient attention has been paid to the primary prevention of breast cancer in state and national cancer plans, limiting the impact of evidence-based interventions on population health. This commentary highlights the state of …
Californians Linking Action with Science for Prevention of Breast Cancer (CLASP-BC)—Phase 2
Californians Linking Action with Science for Prevention of Breast Cancer (CLASP-BC) is part of California Breast Cancer Research Program's (CBCRP) Initiative strategic priority to disseminate and implement high-impact, population-based primary prevention interventions. CLASP-BC is informed by six years of funded program dissemination and implementation (D&I) research and evaluation conducted by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) throu…
Doing What We Know, Knowing What to Do: Californians Linking Action with Science for Prevention of Breast Cancer (CLASP-BC)
Given the lack of progress in breast cancer prevention, the California Breast Cancer Research Program (CBCRP) plans to apply current scientific knowledge about breast cancer to primary prevention at the population level. This paper describes the first phase of Californians Linking Action with Science for Prevention of Breast Cancer (CLASP-BC). The foci of Phase 1 are building coalitions and coalition capacity building through community engagement…
Multilevel modelling of built environment characteristics related to neighbourhood walking activity in older adults
Objective: To examine the relation between built environment factors (representing several dimensions of urban form of neighbourhoods) and walking activity at both the neighbourhood level and the resident level, in an older adult sample. Design, setting, participants: A cross sectional, multilevel design with neighbourhoods as the primary sampling unit and senior residents as the secondary unit. Five hundred and seventy seven residents (mean age …
Environmental and Policy Determinants of Physical Activity in the United States
Objectives. This study examined (1) descriptive patterns in perceived environmental and policy determinants of physical activity and (2) associations between these factors and behavior. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1999 to 2000 among US adults; individuals at lower income levels were oversampled. Results. Availability of areas for physical activity was generally higher among men than among women. The 4 most commonly reporte…
Perceived and objective neighborhood environment attributes and health related quality of life among the elderly in Bogotá, Colombia
Physical activity social support and middle- and older-aged minority women: Results from a US survey
Understanding Evidence-Based Public Health Policy
Public health policy has a profound impact on health status. Missing from the literature is a clear articulation of the definition of evidence-based policy and approaches to move the field forward. Policy-relevant evidence includes both quantitative (e.g., epidemiological) and qualitative information (e.g., narrative accounts). We describe 3 key domains of evidence-based policy: (1) process, to understand approaches to enhance the likelihood of p…
Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Determinants of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in rural middle aged and older women of diverse racial and ethnic groups are not well understood. This study examined: (1) urban-rural differences in LTPA by sociodemographic factors, (2) urban-rural differences in LTPA determinants, and (3) the pattern of relations between LTPA determinants and LTPA. DESIGN: A modified version of the sampling plan of the Behavioral Risk Facto…
Effects of a Community-Based, Professionally Supervised Intervention on Physical Activity Levels Among Residents of Recife, Brazil
Objectives. We evaluated the effects of a community-based intervention, the Academia da Cidade program (ACP), on increasing leisure-time physical activity among residents of Recife, Brazil. Methods. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity and transport physical activity (i.e., activities involved in traveling from place to place) levels in a random sample of 2047 Recife residents surveyed…
Reimagining Public Health in the Aftermath of a Pandemic
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society, affecting those already subject to unacceptable health inequalities and resulting in vast economic impacts. The pandemic reminds everyone of the value and necessity of public health. In the context of an era that will be shaped by COVID-19, we outline the coming series of challenges and transitions in public health and the needed actions over the next 5 ye…
The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States
OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the contribution of smoke-free workplaces to the recent national declines in cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States. METHODS: Nineteen studies of the impact of smoke-free workplaces on workday cigarette consumption were reviewed. The number and cost of cigarettes forgone were calculated and extrapolated to a scenario in which all indoor work areas were smoke-free. RESULTS: Of the 19 studies, 18 r…
Built Environment and Physical Activity for Transportation in Adults from Curitiba, Brazil
Policy research for disease prevention: Challenges and practical recommendations
Policy approaches to health promotion and disease prevention hold great potential, as several community-based projects have illustrated. Policy interventions, despite their wide-spread use, frequently lack a systematic framework for implementation and evaluation. The authors propose a four-stage framework for the formation and evaluation of public health policy. The stages are identification of health risks and preventive options; intervention de…
Assessing Physical Activity in Public Parks in Brazil Using Systematic Observation
Objectives. We assessed park use in Recife, Brazil, and differences in physical activity and occupation rates in public parks with and without the Academia da Cidade Program (ACP), which provides cost-free, supervised physical activity classes. Methods. We used the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) in 128 targeted areas in 10 park sites (5 ACP sites, 5 non-ACP sites) to obtain data on the number of users and their p…
Measuring the Environment for Friendliness Toward Physical Activity: A Comparison of the Reliability of 3 Questionnaires
Objectives. We tested the reliability of 3 instruments that assessed social and physical environments. Methods. We conducted a test–retest study among US adults (n = 289). We used telephone survey methods to measure suitableness of the perceived (vs objective) environment for recreational physical activity and nonmotorized transportation. Results. Most questions in our surveys that attempted to measure specific characteristics of the built enviro…
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice Education in Social Work: A Transdisciplinary Approach
Evidence based practice (EBP) is reflected in social work publications, accreditation standards, research, and funding opportunities. However, implementing EBP in social work practice and education has proven challenging, highlighting the need for additional resources. This paper describes the Transdisciplinary Model of EBP, a model based on advances in EBP across health disciplines including social work and its application to the development of …
Social Capital, Socioeconomic Status, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Adults in Bogotá (Colombia)
Results from this study support evidence on the disintegration of the Colombian society, which may be influenced by high levels of social inequality
Designing for Dissemination Among Public Health Researchers: Findings From a National Survey in the United States
Objectives. We have described the practice of designing for dissemination among researchers in the United States with the intent of identifying gaps and areas for improvement. Methods. In 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 266 researchers using a search of the top 12 public health journals in PubMed and lists available from government-sponsored research. The sample involved scientists at universities, the National Institutes of Health,…
Personal, neighbourhood and urban factors associated with obesity in the United States
INTRODUCTION: Growing evidence suggests the built environment impacts obesity within urban areas; however, little research has investigated these relationships across levels of urbanisation in diverse and representative populations. This study aimed to determine whether personal and neighbourhood barriers differ by the level of urbanisation and the relative importance of personal barriers, neighbourhood barriers and land-use development patterns …
Preventing cardiovascular disease through community-based risk reduction: The Bootheel Heart Health Project
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a community-based risk reduction project affected behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease. METHODS. Community-based activities (e.g., exercise groups, healthy cooking demonstrations, blood pressure and cholesterol screenings, and cardiovascular disease education) were conducted in six southeastern Missouri counties. Evaluation involved population-based, cross-sectional samp…
The Public Health Practitioner of the Future
The requisite capacities and capabilities of the public health practitioner of the future are being driven by multiple forces of change, including public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, globalized travel, and the repercussions of the Affordable Care Act. We describe five critical capacities and capabilities that public health practitioners can build on to …
Urban Sprawl, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index: Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II
Objectives. We evaluated the association between the county sprawl index, a measure of residential density and street accessibility, and physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Methods. We conducted a multilevel cross-sectional analysis in a sample of Nurses’ Health Study participants living throughout the United States in 2000 to 2001 (n = 136 592). Results. In analyses adjusted for age, smoking status, race, and husband’s education, a 1-SD…
A Framework for Enhancing the Value of Research for Dissemination and Implementation
A comprehensive guide that identifies critical evaluation and reporting elements necessary to move research into practice is needed. We propose a framework that highlights the domains required to enhance the value of dissemination and implementation research for end users. We emphasize the importance of transparent reporting on the planning phase of research in addition to delivery, evaluation, and long-term outcomes. We highlight key topics for …
Disability and health status: Ethnic differences among women in the United States
STUDY OBJECTIVES: There are few data describing disability and health status for ethnic groups. The disablement process involves social influences, which may include minority status. Cross sectional data were examined to investigate the relation of ethnicity to disability. DESIGN: A stratified random digit dialled sample of women aged 40 and older. Disability and health status were measured as functional and activity limitations, work disability,…
Neighbors for a smoke free north side: Evaluation of a community organization approach to promoting smoking cessation among African Americans
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated a community organization approach that emphasized involvement of audiences in program planning and implementation in promoting nonsmoking among African American residents of low-income neighborhoods. METHODS: The quasi-experimental design involved a 24-month intervention in 3 low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in St. Louis. Intervention neighborhoods were compared with comparable, untreated n…
Occupation, smoking, and alcohol in the epidemiology of bladder cancer
We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the effects of occupation, smoking, and alcohol consumption on bladder cancer risk. A total of 823 male cases and 2,469 age-matched controls were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry. Relative risk estimates of 2.0 or greater were observed for janitors and cleaners, mechanics, miners, and printers. Current cigarette smoking was associated with a two-fold excess risk of bladder cancer, where…
Demographic and socioeconomic differences in beliefs about the health effects of smoking
To assess sociodemographic differences in beliefs about the health effects of cigarette smoking and passive smoke exposure, we recently surveyed 2092 adults in St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo. The percentages of respondents who knew that smoking causes lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease were 76.7, 74.1, and 67.2, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, knowledge about smoking's health effects was generally lower among women, older respo…
Occupation, smoking, and alcohol in the epidemiology of bladder cancer
We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the effects of occupation, smoking, and alcohol consumption on bladder cancer risk. A total of 823 male cases and 2,469 age-matched controls were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry. Relative risk estimates of 2.0 or greater were observed for janitors and cleaners, mechanics, miners, and printers. Current cigarette smoking was associated with a two-fold excess risk of bladder cancer, where…
An analysis of occupational risks for brain cancer
We evaluated the risks of brain cancer in relation to employment history in a case-control study of 312 cases and 1,248 cancer controls. Subjects were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry for the period 1984 through 1988. Job classification was based on data routinely abstracted from hospital records. Elevated risks were identified for certain white collar occupations: for men employed in engineering, the odds ratio (OR) = 2.1; 95% con…
Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri
We conducted a series of case-control studies to investigate the risks of 16 cancer types in relation to occupational physical activity. These studies were based on Missouri Cancer Registry data for 17,147 White male cancer patients registered between 1984 and 1989. Colon cancer risk was increased for both the moderate (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0, 1.3) and low (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5) activity levels. Similar e…
Demographic and socioeconomic differences in beliefs about the health effects of smoking
To assess sociodemographic differences in beliefs about the health effects of cigarette smoking and passive smoke exposure, we recently surveyed 2092 adults in St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo. The percentages of respondents who knew that smoking causes lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease were 76.7, 74.1, and 67.2, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, knowledge about smoking's health effects was generally lower among women, older respo…
Passive smoking and lung cancer in nonsmoking women
OBJECTIVES. The causes of lung cancer among nonsmokers are not clearly understood. To further evaluate the relation between passive smoke exposure and lung cancer in nonsmoking women, we conducted a population-based, case-control study. METHODS. Case patients (n = 618), identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry for the period 1986 through 1991, included 432 lifetime nonsmokers and 186 ex-smokers who had stopped at least 15 years before diag…
Predictors of individual action to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Environmental tobacco smoke awareness and exposure: Impact of a statewide clean indoor air law and the report of the US Environmental Protection Agency
Correspondence and reprint requests to Dr RC Brownson, Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, 3663 Lindell Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63108-3342, USA Abstract Objective -To determine whether a statewide clean indoor air law and the report of the US Environmental Pro tection Agency (EPA) affected awareness of and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Design Cross sectional telephone sur vey. Setting Missou…
Does exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers
Preventing cardiovascular disease through community-based risk reduction: The Bootheel Heart Health Project
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a community-based risk reduction project affected behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease. METHODS. Community-based activities (e.g., exercise groups, healthy cooking demonstrations, blood pressure and cholesterol screenings, and cardiovascular disease education) were conducted in six southeastern Missouri counties. Evaluation involved population-based, cross-sectional samp…
Tobacco control in the United States: The next generation of demonstration and research projects
Policy research for disease prevention: Challenges and practical recommendations
Policy approaches to health promotion and disease prevention hold great potential, as several community-based projects have illustrated. Policy interventions, despite their wide-spread use, frequently lack a systematic framework for implementation and evaluation. The authors propose a four-stage framework for the formation and evaluation of public health policy. The stages are identification of health risks and preventive options; intervention de…
Physical Activity and Minority Women: A Qualitative Study
Few physical activity research studies have been conducted with minority women. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of physical activity among minority women. Focus groups were conducted with volunteers older than age 40. Each group was led by a trained moderator familiar with the ethnic community targeted. The sessions were audiotaped and professionally transcribed. Constructs were researched and codes were developed. Data were ana…
Implementing smoking bans in American hospitals: Results of a national survey
Smoking bans were successfully implemented in American hospitals, with many restricting smoking beyond the JCAHO standard. Other industries wishing to follow hospitals' lead would be most likely to succeed in the context of a social norm favouring a smoking ban and regulation by an outside agency
State laws on youth access to tobacco in the United States: Measuring their extensiveness with a new rating system
Although all states have laws addressing youth access to tobacco, this analysis reveals that, as of the end of 1996, the progress towards meeting health policy targets is slow, and state legislation that preempts local tobacco regulation is becoming more common
Brownson and Colleagues Respond
Brownson and Colleagues Respond Ross C. Brownson, Craig J. Newschaffer, and Farnoush Ali-Abarghoui CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.5.839-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Neighbors for a smoke free north side: Evaluation of a community organization approach to promoting smoking cessation among African Americans
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated a community organization approach that emphasized involvement of audiences in program planning and implementation in promoting nonsmoking among African American residents of low-income neighborhoods. METHODS: The quasi-experimental design involved a 24-month intervention in 3 low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in St. Louis. Intervention neighborhoods were compared with comparable, untreated n…
The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States
OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the contribution of smoke-free workplaces to the recent national declines in cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States. METHODS: Nineteen studies of the impact of smoke-free workplaces on workday cigarette consumption were reviewed. The number and cost of cigarettes forgone were calculated and extrapolated to a scenario in which all indoor work areas were smoke-free. RESULTS: Of the 19 studies, 18 r…
Residential radon exposure and risk of lung cancer in Missouri
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated residential radon exposure and lung cancer risk, using both standard radon dosimetry and a new radon monitoring technology that, evidence suggests, is a better measure of cumulative radon exposure. METHODS: Missouri women (aged 30 to 84 years) newly diagnosed with primary lung cancer during the period January 1, 1993, to January 31, 1994, were invited to participate in this population-based case-control study. …
Physical activity social support and middle- and older-aged minority women: Results from a US survey
Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racial–ethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women.
Disability and health status: Ethnic differences among women in the United States
STUDY OBJECTIVES: There are few data describing disability and health status for ethnic groups. The disablement process involves social influences, which may include minority status. Cross sectional data were examined to investigate the relation of ethnicity to disability. DESIGN: A stratified random digit dialled sample of women aged 40 and older. Disability and health status were measured as functional and activity limitations, work disability,…
Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Determinants of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in rural middle aged and older women of diverse racial and ethnic groups are not well understood. This study examined: (1) urban-rural differences in LTPA by sociodemographic factors, (2) urban-rural differences in LTPA determinants, and (3) the pattern of relations between LTPA determinants and LTPA. DESIGN: A modified version of the sampling plan of the Behavioral Risk Facto…
Correlates of Overweight and Weight-loss Practices in Missouri
Public health programs can utilize this knowledge to reduce the prevalence of overweight by encouraging professional advice and promoting regular exercise
A Community Research Partnership to Improve the Diet of African Americans
Ongoing assessment and evaluation of how a partnership operates, especially in the context of multiple sites, are important to sustaining successful functioning
A prospective investigation of the impact of smoking bans on tobacco cessation and relapse
Employees in workplaces with smoking bans have higher rates of smoking cessation than employees where smoking is permitted, but relapse is similar between these two groups of employees. The results of this investigation have international applicability for policy makers, clinicians, employers, and employees. Countries should review smoking policies in workplaces in light of their own smoking patterns and efforts to deal with environmental tobacco…
Medicine (113 works) · Environmental health (76 works) · Political science (58 works) · Public health (57 works) · Nursing (52 works) · Psychology (46 works) · Urban Transport and Accessibility (36 works) · Gerontology (35 works) · Health Policy Implementation Science (35 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (32 works)