Cam Mustard
Biographic Data
| ID | 1737472 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Cam Mustard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Cam |
| FAMILY NAME | Mustard |
| SIGNATURE | MUSTARD C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0747-8870 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 255 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Precarious employment and the workplace transmission of Covid-19: Evidence from workers’ compensation claims in Ontario, Canada
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of work-related COVID-19 infection in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We combined data from an administrative census of workers' compensation claims with corresponding labour force statistics to estimate rates of work-related COVID-19 infection between April 2020 and April 2022. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix capturing temporary employment, low w…
Evaluation of the Ontario Mandatory Working-at-Heights Training Requirement in Construction, 2012‒2019
The province of Ontario, Canada, implemented mandatory day-long training for construction workers required to use fall-protection equipment. More than 400 000 training sessions were completed by 2017 when the requirement took full effect. The lost-time workers’ compensation claim incidence rate attributable to falls targeted by the training was 19% lower in 2017–2019 than in 2012–2014. Rates for two comparator injuries increased or stayed the sam…
An observational study of pain severity, cannabis use, and benefit expenditures in work disability
This novel study of workers' compensation claimants interviewed at 18 months post-injury did not observe a substantial relationship between cannabis use and disability benefit expenditures, suggesting that neither harm nor significant benefit is associated with cannabis use. These findings contribute to understanding the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis use in settings that have legalized cannabis use
The Relationship Between Overqualification and Incident Diabetes: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study
OBJECTIVE: Recent research identified that workplace factors play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study examines the longitudinal association of work-related overqualification with the incidence of DM over a 14-year follow-up period. METHODS: We used data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey linked to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract database…
Job Strain, Overweight, and Diabetes: A 13-Year Prospective Study Among 12,896 Men and Women in Ontario
OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association recently called for research on social and environmental determinants of diabetes to intensify primary prevention. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that frequent and modifiable psychosocial stressors at work might contribute to the development of diabetes, but more prospective studies are needed. We evaluated the relationship between job strain and diabetes incidence in 12,896 workers followed …
Examining the relationship between the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative sample of the employed women and men in Ontario, Canada,…
Inequalities in employment rates among older men and women in Canada, Denmark, Sweden and the UK
Our results suggest that educational level, sex and health all play a role in extending working lives. The variation in employment rates between the four countries implies that policies do matter, but that social differentials show that policies cannot be 'one size fits all'. Policy-makers must consider different groups (i.e. low-educated women with a LLI) when designing policies to extend working lives
Male/Female Differences in the Impact of Caring for Elderly Relatives on Labor Market Attachment and Hours of Work: 1997–2015
Taken together, these results suggest an increasing impact of informal care on labor market participation in Canada between 1997 and 2005, and it remains gendered
Are There Differences in Workplace Accommodation Needs, Use and Unmet Needs Among Older Workers With Arthritis, Diabetes and No Chronic Conditions? Examining the Role of Health and Work Context
The aging of workforces combined with the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases has generated interest in whether large numbers of older workers will need workplace accommodations. This research applied work functioning theory to examine accommodation availability, need and use in workers with arthritis, diabetes, or no chronic disabling diseases; factors associated with accommodation needs; and the relationship of accommodation needs met, u…
Association between psychosocial work conditions and latent alcohol consumption trajectories among men and women over a 16-year period in a national Canadian sample
BACKGROUND: It is unclear how psychosocial working conditions influence future alcohol consumption. Using group-based trajectory modelling, this study aimed to determine: the number of latent alcohol consumption trajectories over 16 years in a representative sample of the Canadian workforce; the association between psychosocial working conditions and longitudinal alcohol consumption; and if the association between psychosocial work factors and lo…
Diverging Trends in the Incidence of Occupational and Nonoccupational Injury in Ontario, 2004–2011
Objectives. We describe trends in occupational and nonoccupational injury among working-age adults in Ontario. Methods. We conducted an observational study of adults aged 15 to 64 over the period 2004 through 2011, estimating the incidence of occupational and nonoccupational injury from emergency department (ED) records and, separately, from survey responses to 5 waves of a national health interview survey. Results. Over the observation period, t…
Examining the relationship between chronic conditions, multi-morbidity and labour market participation in Canada: 2000–2005
Relatively little attention has been paid to understanding and addressing the potential health-related barriers faced by older workers to stay at work. Using three representative samples from the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined the relationship between seven physical chronic conditions and labour market participation in Canada between 2000 and 2005. We found that all conditions were associated with an increased probability of not be…
Reducing social inequalities in health: The role of simulation modelling in chronic disease epidemiology to evaluate the impact of population health interventions
Reducing health inequalities has become a major public health priority internationally. However, how best to achieve this goal is not well understood. Population health intervention research has the potential to address some of this knowledge gap. This review argues that simulation studies can produce unique evidence to build the population health intervention research evidence base on reducing social inequalities in health. To this effect, the a…
How Much do Preexisting Chronic Conditions Contribute to Age Differences in Health Care Expenditures After a Work-related Musculoskeletal Injury
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the contribution of preexisting chronic conditions on age differences in health care expenditures for the management of work-related musculoskeletal injuries in British Columbia. METHODS: A secondary analysis of workers' compensation claims submitted over the 5-year period between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2006 (N = 55,827 claims among men and 32,141 claims among women). Path models examined the relationships betwee…
Mortality following unemployment in Canada, 1991–2001
Consistent with results reported from other long-duration cohort studies, unemployed men and women in this cohort had an elevated risk of mortality for accidents and violence, as well as for chronic diseases. The persistence of elevated mortality risks over two consecutive multi-year periods suggests that exposure to unemployment in 1991 may have marked persons at risk of cumulative socioeconomic hardship
Comparing the Risk Associated With Psychosocial Work Conditions and Health Behaviours on Incident Hypertension Over a Nine-year Period in Ontario, Canada
Work-attributed Illness Arising From Excess Heat Exposure in Ontario, 2004–2010
Labor Force Participation and Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men: The Multicenter Aids Cohort Study
The role of ethnicity in predicting diabetes risk at the population level
Although from the individual risk perspective, incorporating information on ethnicity is important, when predicting new cases of diabetes at the population level and accounting for other risk factors, detailed ethnic information did not improve the discrimination and accuracy of the model or identify significantly more diabetes cases in the population
Overqualification and Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Evidence From the Canadian Census Mortality Follow-up Study (1991–2001)
Examining Changes in Reported Work Conditions in Quebec, Ontario and Saskatchewan Between 1994 and 2003–05
Employment status is associated with both physical and mental health quality of life in people living with HIV
To evaluate the relationship between employment status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in HIV/AIDS. A total of 361 participants provided baseline data in the context of an ongoing cohort study examining the natural history of neurobehavioral functioning and its effects on HRQOL. We administered tests and collected laboratory data to determine demographic status, HIV disease markers, psychosocial symptom burden, neurocognitive function …
The prevalence of over-qualification and its association with health status among occupationally active new immigrants to Canada
On average, occupationally active immigrants who were overqualified for their attained occupations in Canada had poorer mental health status than other immigrants 4 years after arrival in Canada. Effective policies and services that support opportunities for immigrants to use their skills appropriately in the Canadian labor market have important labor, social- and health-related consequences
Research Opportunities Using Administrative Databases and Existing Surveys for New Knowledge in Occupational Health and Safety in Canada, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada: 1974–2005
BACKGROUND: In Canada levels of smoking have decreased and levels of physical activity have increased over the last 20 years. However, little research has examined if educational inequalities in either of these important health determinants have changed. METHODS: A secondary analysis of Canadian population-based surveys from 1974 through to 2005 was conducted. The prevalence of both smoking and physical activity across educational groups for both…
Assessing ecologic proxies for household income: A comparison of household and neighbourhood level income measures in the study of population health status
Age-specific education and income gradients in morbidity and mortality in a Canadian province
The prevalence of over-qualification and its association with health status among occupationally active new immigrants to Canada
On average, occupationally active immigrants who were overqualified for their attained occupations in Canada had poorer mental health status than other immigrants 4 years after arrival in Canada. Effective policies and services that support opportunities for immigrants to use their skills appropriately in the Canadian labor market have important labor, social- and health-related consequences
A regional comparison of socioeconomic and health indices in a Canadian province
Gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in mortality
Objectives: There is uncertainty about whether position in a socioeconomic hierarchy confers different mortality risks on men and women. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in risk of death. Methods: This research systematically reviewed observational cohort studies describing all cause or cause specific mortality for populations aged 25–64 in developed countries. For in…
Income Inequality, Household Income, and Health Status in Canada: A Prospective Cohort Study
Objectives. This study sought to determine whether income inequality, household income, and their interaction are associated with health status. Methods. Income inequality and area income measures were linked to data on household income and individual characteristics from the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey and to data on self-reported health status from the 1994, 1996, and 1998 survey waves. Results. Income inequality was not ass…
The relationship of prenatal care and pregnancy complications to birthweight in Winnipeg, Canada
OBJECTIVES. Prenatal care is commonly understood to have a beneficial impact on birthweight. This study describes socioeconomic differences in utilization of prenatal medical care and birthweight in a population with universal health insurance. METHODS. Measures of prenatal care utilization, incidence of pregnancy complications, and birthweight were obtained from physician reimbursement claims and hospital separation abstracts for 12,646 pregnant…
Widening Regional Inequality in Premature Mortality Rates in Manitoba
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada: 1974–2005
BACKGROUND: In Canada levels of smoking have decreased and levels of physical activity have increased over the last 20 years. However, little research has examined if educational inequalities in either of these important health determinants have changed. METHODS: A secondary analysis of Canadian population-based surveys from 1974 through to 2005 was conducted. The prevalence of both smoking and physical activity across educational groups for both…
Is position in the occupational hierarchy a determinant of decline in perceived health status
The Monitoring and Surveillance of the Psychosocial Work Environment in Canada: A Forgotten Determinant of Health
Male/Female Differences in the Impact of Caring for Elderly Relatives on Labor Market Attachment and Hours of Work: 1997–2015
Taken together, these results suggest an increasing impact of informal care on labor market participation in Canada between 1997 and 2005, and it remains gendered
Examining the relationships between job control and health status: A path analysis approach
OBJECTIVE: To examine the pathways through which job control affects health status; to examine if the effects of job control on health status are attenuated by including other measures associated with lower socioeconomic status, and to examine if the relationship between job control and health status is consistent across socioeconomic status groups. DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study over eight years (1994-2002). PARTICIPANTS: 4886 …
Declining Trends in Work-Related Morbidity and Disability, 1993–1998: A Comparison of Survey Estimates and Compensation Insurance Claims
Objectives. This study compared trends in the incidence of work-related morbidity and disability across 3 sources of surveillance data in a Canadian province. Methods. Time series estimates of workplace injuries and work-related disability based on 2 panel surveys in the province of Ontario, Canada, for the period 1993–1998 were compared with rates of work-related injury and illness compensation claims during the same period. Results. Lost-time c…
Are There Differences in Workplace Accommodation Needs, Use and Unmet Needs Among Older Workers With Arthritis, Diabetes and No Chronic Conditions? Examining the Role of Health and Work Context
The aging of workforces combined with the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases has generated interest in whether large numbers of older workers will need workplace accommodations. This research applied work functioning theory to examine accommodation availability, need and use in workers with arthritis, diabetes, or no chronic disabling diseases; factors associated with accommodation needs; and the relationship of accommodation needs met, u…
Diverging Trends in the Incidence of Occupational and Nonoccupational Injury in Ontario, 2004–2011
Objectives. We describe trends in occupational and nonoccupational injury among working-age adults in Ontario. Methods. We conducted an observational study of adults aged 15 to 64 over the period 2004 through 2011, estimating the incidence of occupational and nonoccupational injury from emergency department (ED) records and, separately, from survey responses to 5 waves of a national health interview survey. Results. Over the observation period, t…
The role of ethnicity in predicting diabetes risk at the population level
Although from the individual risk perspective, incorporating information on ethnicity is important, when predicting new cases of diabetes at the population level and accounting for other risk factors, detailed ethnic information did not improve the discrimination and accuracy of the model or identify significantly more diabetes cases in the population
Overqualification and Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Evidence From the Canadian Census Mortality Follow-up Study (1991–2001)
Employment status is associated with both physical and mental health quality of life in people living with HIV
To evaluate the relationship between employment status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in HIV/AIDS. A total of 361 participants provided baseline data in the context of an ongoing cohort study examining the natural history of neurobehavioral functioning and its effects on HRQOL. We administered tests and collected laboratory data to determine demographic status, HIV disease markers, psychosocial symptom burden, neurocognitive function …
Geographic Location of Commercial Plasma Donation Clinics in the United States, 1980–1995
Objective. We examined the location of commercial plasma donation centers in the United States over the period 1980 to 1995 relative to the geographic distribution of risk behaviors associated with transfusion-transmissible infections. Methods. The census tract locations of commercial source plasma clinics were described by measures of neighborhood social disadvantage and the prevalence of illicit drug use and active local drug economies. Results…
Work-Related Population Health Indicators
Association between psychosocial work conditions and latent alcohol consumption trajectories among men and women over a 16-year period in a national Canadian sample
BACKGROUND: It is unclear how psychosocial working conditions influence future alcohol consumption. Using group-based trajectory modelling, this study aimed to determine: the number of latent alcohol consumption trajectories over 16 years in a representative sample of the Canadian workforce; the association between psychosocial working conditions and longitudinal alcohol consumption; and if the association between psychosocial work factors and lo…
Examining the relationship between chronic conditions, multi-morbidity and labour market participation in Canada: 2000–2005
Relatively little attention has been paid to understanding and addressing the potential health-related barriers faced by older workers to stay at work. Using three representative samples from the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined the relationship between seven physical chronic conditions and labour market participation in Canada between 2000 and 2005. We found that all conditions were associated with an increased probability of not be…
Comparing the Risk Associated With Psychosocial Work Conditions and Health Behaviours on Incident Hypertension Over a Nine-year Period in Ontario, Canada
Examining Changes in Reported Work Conditions in Quebec, Ontario and Saskatchewan Between 1994 and 2003–05
Registries and Administrative Data: Organization and Accuracy
In this article the organization and accuracy of the population registry and administrative data base in Manitoba, Canada are discussed. The overall data management strategy and a framework for analyzing the accuracy of such data are presented. The generally high quality of the Manitoba registry file (necessary to track individuals over time) and the hospital claims is supported by comparisons with other data sources. Hospital claims' main qualit…
The relationship of prenatal care and pregnancy complications to birthweight in Winnipeg, Canada
OBJECTIVES. Prenatal care is commonly understood to have a beneficial impact on birthweight. This study describes socioeconomic differences in utilization of prenatal medical care and birthweight in a population with universal health insurance. METHODS. Measures of prenatal care utilization, incidence of pregnancy complications, and birthweight were obtained from physician reimbursement claims and hospital separation abstracts for 12,646 pregnant…
A Population-Based Health Information System
The authors introduce the Population Health Information System, its conceptual framework, and the data elements required to implement such a system in other jurisdictions. Among other innovations, the Population Health Information System distinguishes between indicators of health status (outcomes measures) and indicators of need for health care (socioeconomic measures of risk for poor health). The system also can be used to perform needs-based pl…
Socioeconomic Status and the Health of the Population
To examine the relationship of a population's socioeconomic characteristics to its health status and use of health care services, a composite socioeconomic risk index was developed for the Population Health Information System. From a set of 23 socioeconomic indicators derived from public use census data, a summary index was formed from six indicators to generate profiles for the eight health regions of the province. Regional scores were plotted a…
A regional comparison of socioeconomic and health indices in a Canadian province
Variation in Health and Health Care Use by Socioeconomic Status in Winnipeg, Canada: Does the System Work Well? Yes and No
Health varies with socioeconomic status; those with higher incomes or who are better educated can expect to have better health. The success of the Canadian universal health care system in delivering care according to need was assessed. Consistent gradients in all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality according to neighborhood income characteristics are evident among Winnipeg residents. Poorer, less healthy groups receive more acute hospital care and…
Age-specific education and income gradients in morbidity and mortality in a Canadian province
A Profile of Health Care Utilization of the Disabled Population in Manitoba
OBJECTIVES: This study profiled health care utilization by disabled and nondisabled individuals in the Canadian province of Manitoba to evaluate the association between health care utilization and disability. METHODS: Age-standardized annualized utilization rates were calculated according to sex using longitudinal data on individual encounters with the Manitoba health care system from 1983 to 1990. Associations between severity of disability, num…
Assessing ecologic proxies for household income: A comparison of household and neighbourhood level income measures in the study of population health status
Managing Health Services: How the Population Health Information System (Populis) Works for Policymakers
OBJECTIVES: University-based researchers in Manitoba, Canada, have used administrative data routinely collected as part of the national health insurance plan to design an integrated database and population-based health information system. This information system is proving useful to policymakers for answering such questions as: Which populations need more physician services? Which need fewer? Are high-risk populations poorly served? or do they ha…
Widening Regional Inequality in Premature Mortality Rates in Manitoba
Work-Related Population Health Indicators
Est-il possible de décider d'un ordre de priorité dans nos investissements dans les technologies médicales et autres programmes de santé
Dans le domaine des soins médicaux, l'adoption rapide de nouvelles méthodes thérapeutiques semble s'imposer. Dans cet article, l'auteur analyse le cas précis des nouvelles technologies de la santé afin de voir de quelle façon les sociétés contemporaines arrêtent leur choix en matière d'investissements porteurs de santé. Il examine les méthodes officielles d'évaluation des technologies en vigueur aujourd'hui et présente deux études de cas qui illu…
A comparison between the effort-reward imbalance and demand control models
Future work should explore the combined effects of these two models of psychosocial stress at work on health more thoroughly
Gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in mortality
Objectives: There is uncertainty about whether position in a socioeconomic hierarchy confers different mortality risks on men and women. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in risk of death. Methods: This research systematically reviewed observational cohort studies describing all cause or cause specific mortality for populations aged 25–64 in developed countries. For in…
Declining Trends in Work-Related Morbidity and Disability, 1993–1998: A Comparison of Survey Estimates and Compensation Insurance Claims
Objectives. This study compared trends in the incidence of work-related morbidity and disability across 3 sources of surveillance data in a Canadian province. Methods. Time series estimates of workplace injuries and work-related disability based on 2 panel surveys in the province of Ontario, Canada, for the period 1993–1998 were compared with rates of work-related injury and illness compensation claims during the same period. Results. Lost-time c…
Is There a Gradient in Life Span by Position in the Social Hierarchy
were coronary artery disease (33%), cancer (25%), stroke (10%), pneumonia (8%), Alzheimer’s dementia (4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4%). Of the 23 deaths from cancer, the most common sites were lung (24%), gastrointestinal (17%), hematological (17%), and genitourinary (13%). Six (7%) senators died from suicide, homicide, or airplane crashes. DISCUSSION
Income Inequality, Household Income, and Health Status in Canada: A Prospective Cohort Study
Objectives. This study sought to determine whether income inequality, household income, and their interaction are associated with health status. Methods. Income inequality and area income measures were linked to data on household income and individual characteristics from the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey and to data on self-reported health status from the 1994, 1996, and 1998 survey waves. Results. Income inequality was not ass…
Is position in the occupational hierarchy a determinant of decline in perceived health status
Geographic Location of Commercial Plasma Donation Clinics in the United States, 1980–1995
Objective. We examined the location of commercial plasma donation centers in the United States over the period 1980 to 1995 relative to the geographic distribution of risk behaviors associated with transfusion-transmissible infections. Methods. The census tract locations of commercial source plasma clinics were described by measures of neighborhood social disadvantage and the prevalence of illicit drug use and active local drug economies. Results…
Measuring the Effect of a Large Reduction in Welfare Payments on Mental Health Service Use in Welfare-Dependent Neighborhoods
BACKGROUND: Major social policy changes were implemented in Canada in the last decade with few efforts to examine their potential health effects. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the impact of a large reduction in welfare benefits on use of ambulatory physician mental health services in areas with high levels of welfare dependency relative to areas with low levels of welfare dependency. METHODS: The setting was Toronto, Canada. Data sources inc…
Association Between the Decline in Workers’ Compensation Claims and Workforce Composition and Job Characteristics in Ontario, Canada
We examined associations between workforce demographics and job characteristics, grouped by industrial sector, and declines in workers’ compensation claim rates in Ontario, Canada, between 1990 and 2003. Gender, age, occupation, and job tenure were predictors for claim rates in 12 industrial sectors. The decline in claims was significantly associated with a decline in the proportion of employment in occupations with high physical demands. These f…
Examining the relationships between job control and health status: A path analysis approach
OBJECTIVE: To examine the pathways through which job control affects health status; to examine if the effects of job control on health status are attenuated by including other measures associated with lower socioeconomic status, and to examine if the relationship between job control and health status is consistent across socioeconomic status groups. DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study over eight years (1994-2002). PARTICIPANTS: 4886 …
The Monitoring and Surveillance of the Psychosocial Work Environment in Canada: A Forgotten Determinant of Health
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada: 1974–2005
BACKGROUND: In Canada levels of smoking have decreased and levels of physical activity have increased over the last 20 years. However, little research has examined if educational inequalities in either of these important health determinants have changed. METHODS: A secondary analysis of Canadian population-based surveys from 1974 through to 2005 was conducted. The prevalence of both smoking and physical activity across educational groups for both…
Medicine (45 works) · Environmental health (35 works) · Demography (28 works) · Gerontology (25 works) · Population (25 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (21 works) · Gerontology (17 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (17 works) · Workplace Health and Well-being (17 works) · Economics (16 works)